Abstract
Purpose
As the French West Indies are facing an ongoing nutrition transition with increasing type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence, our study aimed to evaluate the effect of potential shifts in dietary patterns on T2DM risk in French West Indian adults according to several scenarios.
Methods
We used a cross-sectional multistage sampling survey on dietary intake conducted in 2013 on a representative sample of Guadeloupeans and Martinicans adults (n = 1063). From previously identified current dietary patterns, we used PRIME-Diabetes, a comparative risk assessment model, to estimate the effect of potential shifts from the “transitioning” pattern to the “convenient,” the “prudent,” and the “traditional” ones on T2DM risks.
Results
Potential shift in dietary intakes from the “transitioning” pattern to the “traditional” one reduced the T2DM risk in women (− 16% [− 22; − 10]) and in men − 14% [− 21; − 7]), as the shift in dietary intakes toward the “prudent” pattern (− 23% [− 29; − 17] and − 19% − 23; − 14], respectively). These risk reductions were mostly driven by increased whole grains, fruits, green leafy vegetable intakes, and decreases in potatoes, red meats, processed meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages. The shift in dietary intakes toward the “convenient” pattern did not affect the T2DM risks.
Conclusion
To curb the increase in T2DM prevalence and reduce this burden, one public health action could be to target transitioning adults and help them to shift towards a diet associated with a reduced risk of T2DM as a prudent or a traditional diet.
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Data availability
Data described in the manuscript, codebook, and analytic code cannot be made available because they were provided by the French public health agency (Santé Publique France) and are not accessible to the public. Requests can be made to the French public health agency.
Abbreviations
- BMI:
-
Body mass index
- DASH:
-
Dietary approaches to stop hypertension
- DQI-I:
-
Diet quality index-international
- mPNNS-GS:
-
Modified programme national nutrition santé-guideline score
- PNNS-GS2:
-
Programme national nutrition santé-guideline score 2
- PRIME:
-
Preventable risk-integrated ModEl
- T2DM:
-
Type-2 diabetes mellitus
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Martinique health observatory (OSM), the Guadeloupe health observatory (Orsag), the regional health agency of Martinique (ARS-Martinique), the regional health agency of Guadeloupe (ARS-Guadeloupe), the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses) and the French Public Health Agency (Santé Publique France), as the main investigators, promoters, and supporters of the Escal and Kannari surveys. The authors thank the interviewers and all the participants. The authors also thank the Nutritional Surveillance and Epidemiology Team (ESEN), French Public Health Agency and Paris-13 University, as the main investigator of the nutritional part of the surveys and for access to the Escal and Kannari databases and support documentation.
Funding
This study was part of the NuTWInd project (Nutrition Transition in French West Indies), supported by the French National Research Agency (Agence nationale de la recherche, ANR) in the context of the 2016 “appel à projets générique” (ANR-16-CE21-0009).
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The authors’ responsibilities were as follows: CM and LGS designed the study, ZC drafted the manuscript, ZC performed the statistical analysis, PL performed the PRIME-Diabetes model, ZC, PL, CM and LGS contributed to the data interpretation and revised each draft for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Colombet, Z., Leroy, P., Soler, LG. et al. Shifts in dietary patterns and risk of type-2 diabetes in a Caribbean adult population: ways to address diabetes burden. Eur J Nutr 62, 2233–2243 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03144-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03144-6