Activation of ChvG-ChvI regulon by cell wall stress confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and initiates surface spreading in Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Fig 5
The ChvG-ChvI TCS is conditionally essential under treatment with β-lactam antibiotics.
A. Micrographs of untreated and cefsulodin-treated cells. Wild-type and Δ3pbp cells were grown to exponential phase, spotted on a 1% ATGN agar pad with or without 20 μg/mL cefsulodin and allowed to grow for 16 hours. Each strain was imaged by DIC microscopy. B. Box plots comparing cell length and width between wild-type, PBP1a-depleted, and cefsulodin-treated cells. ns, not significant; ****, p < 0.00005. C. Growth curves of WT, -PBP1a, ΔchvI, and Δ3pbp in the absence (top) and presence of 20 μg/mL cefsulodin (bottom). D. Graph depicting the change in zone of inhibition from wildtype in ΔchvI against ten different antibiotic disks. Error bars represent +/- 1 standard deviation from the mean.