Foreword; Contents; Chapter 1: The Universal Stem Cell Source: Does It Exist?; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Concept of Stem Cells; 1.2.1 Stem Cell Types; 1.2.2 Origin of Stem Cells; 1.2.2.1 Embryonic Stem Cells; 1.2.2.2 Adult Stem Cells; 1.2.3 Self-Renewal; 1.2.4 Plasticity; 1.3 Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cells; 1.4 Stem/Progenitors from Outside the Bone Marrow; 1.4.1 Engraftment; 1.4.2 Transdifferentiation; 1.4.3 Cell-Cell Fusion; 1.5 The Primary Niche; 1.5.1 Tissue-Specific Adult Stem Cells; 1.5.2 The Niche Aging; 1.6 The Secondary Niche; 1.6.1 Bone Marrow Cells: Within Bone and Beyond 1.6.2 Bone Marrow: Home for Hematopoiesis and Source for Migrating for Secondary Niche1.6.3 Labeled Retained Cells (LRC); 1.6.4 The Niche Stroma; 1.7 Plasticity of BM Outside the BM; 1.7.1 Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Recruited to the Secondary Niche ; 1.7.2 Marrow to Liver (Hepatocyte); 1.7.3 Marrow to Muscle Cardiomyocites; 1.7.4 Marrow to Lung; 1.7.5 Marrow to Brain (Astrocytes); 1.7.6 Marrow to Kidney (Glomerular Mesangial) Cells; 1.7.7 Marrow to Skin; 1.7.8 Marrow to Gastrointestinal Tract; Conclusions; References Chapter 2: What Is the Meaning of Notch Pathway and How Can We Selectively Do the Targeting?2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Notch Signaling Pathway; 2.3 Notch Pathway Functions in Normal and Cancerous Cells: Rationale for Notch Inhibition in Cancer; 2.4 Notch Signaling in Hematologic and Solid Tumors; 2.4.1 Notch Signaling in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL)/Lymphomas; 2.4.2 Notch Signaling in Solid Tumors; 2.4.2.1 Breast Cancer; 2.4.2.2 Colon Cancer; 2.4.2.3 Pancreatic Cancer; 2.4.2.4 Medulloblastoma; 2.4.2.5 Skin Tumors; 2.5 Therapeutic Approaches to Modulating Notch Signaling; 2.5.1 GSIs 2.5.1.1 GSI for Notch-Targeted Cancer Therapeutics: T-ALL and Other Hematologic Malignancies2.5.1.2 GSI-Based Therapies for Solid Tumors; 2.5.2 Notch Immunotherapy: Antibody Inhibitors of Notch Activity; 2.5.3 Peptide-Based Approaches; 2.5.4 Combinatorial Therapies Involving Notch Inhibition; 2.5.5 Future Approaches for Notch Inhibition; 2.5.5.1 Other Potential Approaches to Small-Molecule Inhibitors; 2.5.5.2 Genetic Strategies; 2.5.6 Potential Risks of Notch Inhibition; 2.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References; Chapter 3: Hedhehog as a New Paradigm in Cancer Treatment 3.1 Introduction3.2 Hedgehog Signalling Pathway; 3.2.1 The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Cross-Talk with Other Cell Regulator Pathways; 3.2.2 Hedgehog in Cancer; 3.3 Cancer Treatment with Hedgehog Inhibitors; 3.3.1 GDC-0449 (Vismodegib®); 3.3.2 LDE225; 3.3.3 IPI-926; 3.3.4 BMS-833923; 3.3.5 GANT61; 3.3.6 Other Hedgehog Signalling Inhibitors; 3.4 Nutraceuticals: A New Class of Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling; 3.4.1 Curcumin; 3.4.2 Soy Isoflavones; 3.4.3 Epigallocatechin-3 Gallate (EGCG); 3.4.4 Resveratrol; 3.4.5 Vitamin D; Conclusion; Bibliography Chapter 4: Wnt Pathway at a Glance: From the Deep of the Crypts to the Current Ways of Targeting | 
