Inhalt: | Part I. A History of gas hydrate research -- Chapter 1. Gas Hydrate Research: From the Laboratory to the Pipeline -- Chapter 2. Shallow gas hydrates near 64° N, off Mid-Norway: Concerns regarding drilling and production technologies -- Chapter 3. Finding and using the worlds gas hydrates -- Part II. Gas Hydrate Fundamentals -- Chapter 4. Seismic rock physics of gas-hydrate bearing sediments -- Chapter 5. Estimation of gas hydrates in the pore space of sediments using inversion methods -- Chapter 6. Electromagnetic applications in methane hydrate reservoirs -- Part III. Gas Hydrate Drilling for Research and Natural Resources -- Chapter 7. Hydrate Ridge - A gas hydrate system in a subduction zone setting -- Chapter 8. Northern Cascadia Margin gas hydrates Regional geophysical surveying, IODP drilling Leg 311 and cabled observatory monitoring -- Chapter 9. Accretionary wedge tectonics and gas hydrate distribution in the Cascadia forearc -- Chapter 10. Bottom Simulating Reflections below the Blake Ridge, western North Atlantic Margin -- Chapter 11. A review of the exploration, discovery, and characterization of highly concentrated gas hydrate accumulations in coarse-grained reservoir systems along the Eastern Continental Margin of India -- Chapter 12. Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Drilling Expeditions, Korea: Lithologic characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing sediments -- Chapter 13. Bottom simulating reflections in the South China Sea -- Chapter 14. Gas hydrate and fluid related seismic indicators across the passive and active margins off SW Taiwan -- Chapter 15. Gas Hydrate Drilling in the Nankai Trough, Japan -- Chapter 16. Alaska North Slope Terrestrial Gas Hydrate Systems: Insights from Scientific Drilling -- Part IV -- Arctic -- Chapter 17. Gas Hydrates on Alaskan Marine Margins -- Chapter 18. Gas Hydrate related bottom-simulating reflections along the west-Svalbard margin, Fram Strait -- Chapter 19. Occurrence and distribution of bottom simulating reflections in the Barents Sea -- Chapter 20. Svyatogor Ridge - A gas hydrate system driven by crustal scale processes -- Chapter 21. Gas hydrate potential in the Kara Sea -- Part V. Greenland and Norwegian Sea -- Chapter 22. Geophysical indications of gas hydrate occurrence on the Greenland continental margins -- Chapter 23. Gas hydrates in the Norwegian Sea -- Part VI. North Atlantic. Chapter 24. U.S. Atlantic Margin Gas Hydrates -- Chapter 25. Gas Hydrates and submarine sediment mass failure: A case study from Sackville Spur, offshore Newfoundland -- Chapter 26. Bottom Simulating Reflections and Seismic Phase Reversals in the Gulf of Mexico -- Chapter 27. Insights into gas hydrate dynamics from 3D seismic data, offshore Mauritania -- Part VII. South Atlantic -- Chapter 28. Distribution and Character of Bottom Simulating Reflections in the Western Caribbean Offshore Guajira Peninsula, Colombia -- Chapter 29. Gas hydrate systems on the Brazilian continental margin -- Chapter 30. Gas hydrate on the southwest African continental margin -- Chapter 31. Shallow gas hydrates associated to pockmarks in the Northern Congo deep-sea fan, SW Africa -- Part VIII. Pacific -- Chapter 32. Gas hydrate-bearing province off eastern Sakhalin slope -- Chapter 33. Tectonic BSR Hypothesis in the Peruvian margin: A forgotten way to see marine gas hydrate systems at convergent margins -- Chapter 34. Gas hydrate and free gas along the Chilean Continental Margin -- Chapter 35. New Zealands Gas Hydrate Systems -- Part IX. Indic -- Chapter 36. First evidence of bottom simulation reflectors in the western Indian Ocean offshore Tanzania -- Part X. Mediterranean Sea -- Chapter 37. A Gas Hydrate System of Heterogenous Character in the Nile Deep-Sea Fan -- Part XI. Black Sea -- Chapter 38. Gas hydrate accumulations in the Black Sea -- Part XII. Lake Baikal -- Chapter 39. The position of gas hydrates in the sedimentary strata and in the geological structure of Lake Baikal -- Part XIII. Antarctic -- Chapter 40. Bottom Simulating Reflector in the western Ross Sea Antarctica -- Chapter 41. Bottom Simulating Reflectors along the Scan Basin, a deep-sea gateway between the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and Scotia Sea -- Chapter 42. Bottom Simulating Reflections in Antarctica -- Part XIV. Where Gas Hydrate Dissociates Seafloor Microhabitats Flourish. Chapter 43. Integrating fine-scale habitat mapping and pore water analysis in cold seep research: A case study from the SW Barents Sea. This world atlas presents a comprehensive overview of the gas-hydrate systems of our planet with contributions from esteemed international researchers from academia, governmental institutions and hydrocarbon industries. The book illustrates, describes and discusses gas hydrate systems, their geophysical evidence and their future prospects for climate change and continental margin geohazards from passive to active margins. This includes passive volcanic to non-volcanic margins including glaciated and non-glaciated margins from high to low latitudes. Shallow submarine gas hydrates allow a glimpse into the past from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to modern environmental conditions to predict potential changes in future stability conditions while deep submarine gas hydrates remained more stable. This demonstrates their potential for rapid reactions for some gas hydrate provinces to a warming world, as well as helping to identify future prospects for environmental research. Three-dimensional and high-resolution seismic imaging technologies provide new insights into fluid flow systems in continental margins, enabling the identification of gas and gas escape routes to the seabed within gas hydrate environments, where seabed habitats may flourish. The volume contains a method section detailing the seismic imaging and logging while drilling techniques used to characterize gas hydrates and related dynamic processes in the sub seabed. This book is unique, as it goes well beyond the geophysical monograph series of natural gas hydrates and textbooks on marine geophysics. It also emphasizes the potential for gas hydrate research across a variety of disciplines. Observations of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) in 2D and 3D seismic reflection data combined with velocity analysis, electromagnetic investigations and gas-hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) modelling, provide the necessary insights for academic interests and hydrocarbon industries to understand the potential extent and volume of gas hydrates in a wide range of tectonic settings of continental margins. Gas hydrates control the largest and most dynamic reservoir of global carbon. Especially 4D, 3D seismic but also 2D seismic data provide compelling sub-seabed images of their dynamical behavior. Sub-seabed imaging techniques increase our understanding of the controlling mechanisms for the distribution and migration of gas before it enters the gas-hydrate stability zone. As methane hydrate stability depends mainly on pressure, temperature, gas composition and pore water chemistry, gas hydrates are usually found in ocean margin settings where water depth is more than 300 m and gas migrates upward from deeper geological formations. This highly dynamic environment may precondition the stability of continental slopes as evidenced by geohazards and gas expelled from the sea floor. This book provides new insights into variations in the character and existence of gas hydrates and BSRs in various geological environments, as well as their dynamics. The potentially dynamic behavior of this natural carbon system in a warming world, its current and future impacts on a variety of Earth environments can now be adequately evaluated by using the information provided in the world atlas. This book is relevant for students, researchers, governmental agencies and oil and gas professionals. Some familiarity with seismic data and some basic understanding of geology and tectonics are recommended. |
