Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Brief Contents; Full Contents; Maps and Illustrations; How to Use This Book; 1: The Early Church, 100-500; 1.1. Setting the Context: The Origins of Christianity; 1.1.1. The Crucible: The History of Israel; 1.1.2. A Wider Context: The Pagan Quest for Wisdom; 1.1.3. The Turning Point: Jesus of Nazareth; 1.1.4. The Early Spread of Christianity; 1.1.5. The Apostolic Age; 1.1.6. Women in Apostolic Christianity; 1.1.7. Christianity and Judaism: A Complex Relationship; 1.2. Early Christianity and the Roman Empire; 1.2.1. The Roman Empire, c. 100 1.2.2. Christianity and the Imperial Cult1.2.3. Christianity and Judaism: Marcion of Sinope; 1.2.4. Christianity and Pagan Culture: Justin Martyr; 1.2.5. Early Christian Worship and Life; 1.3. Early Christianity and the Hellenistic World; 1.3.1. The Greek-Speaking World, c. 200; 1.3.2. The Challenge of Gnosticism: Irenaeus of Lyons; 1.3.3. The Challenge of Platonism: Clement of Alexandria and Origen; 1.3.4. Christianity and the Cities: Alexandria and Antioch; 1.3.5. Monasticism: A Reaction against the Cities; 1.3.6. The Cult of Thecla: Women and the Churches 1.4. The Imperial Religion: The Conversion of Constantine1.4.1. Roman Persecution of Christianity; 1.4.2. The First Christian Emperor: Constantine; 1.4.3. The Christianization of the Roman Empire; 1.4.4. The Imperialization of Christianity; 1.4.5. Augustine of Hippo: The Two Cities; 1.4.6. The Decline of the Western Empire; 1.4.7. The "New Rome": Byzantium and the Eastern Empire; 1.5. Orthodoxy and Heresy: Patterns in Early Christian Thought; 1.5.1. The Boundaries of Faith: A Growing Issue; 1.5.2. The Canon of the New Testament 1.5.3. Arianism: The Debate over the Identity of Jesus of Nazareth1.5.4. Trinitarianism: A Debate about the Nature of God; 1.5.5. Donatism: A Debate over the Nature of the Church; 1.5.6. Pelagianism: A Debate over Grace and Human Achievement; 1.5.7. Innovation: A Debate over the Role of Tradition; 1.5.8. The Origins and Development of Creeds; 1.5.9. The Council of Chalcedon, 451; Sources of Quotations; For Further Reading; 2: The Middle Ages and Renaissance, c. 500-c. 1500; 2.1. Setting the Context: The Background to the High Middle Ages; 2.1.1. Western Christianity after the Fall of Rome 2.1.2. The Rise of Celtic Christianity2.1.3. The Seventh Century: Islam and Arab Expansion; 2.1.4. The Age of Charlemagne; 2.1.5. The Rise of the Monastic and Cathedral Schools; 2.1.6. Byzantine Christianity: Monophysitism and Iconoclasm; 2.1.7. Ninth-Century Debates: The Real Presence and Predestination; 2.1.8. Orthodox Missions to Eastern Europe: Bulgaria and Russia; 2.1.9. The Tenth Century: Institutional Decline and Decay; 2.1.10. The "Great Schism" between East and West (1054); 2.2. The Dawn of the High Middle Ages; 2.2.1. The Eleventh Century: The Gregorian Reforms 2.2.2. The Cultural Renaissance of the Twelfth Century | 
