Cover; A. Introduction; State of the Literature; The Knowledge Gap: Data and Statistics; Book Outline; B. Reading Problem Representations in Law (Critical Application Analysis); I. Critical Policy Analysis Approaches; 1. Constructing Reality and Social Problems through Policy Formulations: Problem Representation and Framing; 2. Reading Problem Representations; II. Reading Problem Representations in Law; 1. The Power of Law; 2. Reading Problem Representations in a Multilevel Context; 3. Sensitising Questions: Prognosis and Diagnosis 4. Underlying Presuppositions and Gender Analysis 4.1 Law, Women, Sex and Gender; 4.2 Preliminary Conclusions: Gender Analysis; 5. 'Historical Constitution'; 6. Preliminary Conclusions: Critical Application Analysis of Multilevel Regulation Against Trafficking in Human Beings; C. International Law of the United Nations; I. Historical Constitution; 1. Early Anti-Slavery and Forced Labour Efforts; 2. Initial Efforts for Women's Rights and Gender Equality; 3. International Cooperation in Crime Prevention against Organized Crime; 4. The UN Palermo Protocol in Historical Context II. The UN Palermo Protocol 1. The Drafting Process; 2. Subject Matter (What's the problem?): The New Exploitation Paradigm; 2.1 From Prostitution to Exploitation; 2.2 Defining Prostitution and Sexual Exploitation; 2.3 The Question of Consent; 2.4 Other Forms of Exploitation: Forced Labour or Services, Slavery or Practices Similar to Slavery, Servitude and Removal of Organs; 2.5 Special Link between Trafficking and Prostitution; 2.6 Transnationality and Organized Crime Involvement; 2.7 Preliminary Conclusions; 3. Affected Subjects (For whom?): Victims versus Agents 3.1 UN High Commissioner for Human Rights' Principles and Guidelines 3.1.1 Recommended Principles; 3.1.2 Recommended Guidelines; 3.1.3 Preliminary Conclusions; 3.2 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees; 3.2.1 Persecution in the Home Country; 3.2.2 Member of a Particular Social Group; 3.3 Preliminary Conclusions; 4. Summary: Problem Diagnosis in UN Palermo Protocol; 5. Problem Prognosis in UN Palermo Protocol; 5.1 Human Rights Provisions; 5.2 Prevention, Cooperation and other Measures; 5.3 Summary: Problem Prognosis; 6. Preliminary Conclusions III. The UNCTOC Approach: Anti-Slavery, Women's Rights and Organized Crime 1. Anti-Slavery and Forced Labour as a Concern; 2. Women's and Human Rights Concerns; 3. International Cooperation to Address Organized Crime; D. European Union and Communities; I. Historical Constitution; 1. Cross-Border Cooperation in Justice and Home Affairs; 2. The 'Fight Against Illegal Immigration'; 3. Violence against Women, Women's Rights and Gender Equality; II. Contemporary Regulation and Programmes: An Overview; III. The EU FD 2002/629/JHA against Trafficking in Human Beings 1. Subject-matter (What's wrong?) and Affected Subjects (For whom?): Trafficking in Human Beings for Sexual and Non-Sexual Exploitation | 
