Inhalt: | This book explains how to build Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems - computer software systems which use techniques from artificial intelligence and computational linguistics to automatically generate understandable texts in English or other human languages, either in isolation or as part of multimedia documents, Web pages, and speech output systems. Typically starting from some non-linguistic representation of information as input, NLG systems use knowledge about language and the application domain to automatically produce documents, reports, explanations, help messages, and other kinds of texts. The book covers the algorithms and representations needed to perform the core tasks of document planning, microplanning, and surface realization, using a case study to show how these components fit together. It also discusses engineering issues such as system architecture, requirements analysis, and the integration of text generation into multimedia and speech output systems 1. Introduction -- 1.1. The Research Perspective -- 1.2. The Applications Perspective -- 1.3. Some Example NLG Systems -- 1.4. A Short History of NLG -- 1.5. The Structure of This Book -- 2. National Language Generation in Practice -- 2.2. When Are NLG Techniques Appropriate? -- 2.3. Using a Corpus to Determine User Requirements -- 2.4. Evaluating NLG Systems -- 2.5. Fielding NLG Systems -- 3. The Architecture of a Natural Language Generation System -- 3.2. The Inputs and Outputs of Natural Language Generation -- 3.3. An Informal Characterisation of the Architecture -- 3.4. The Architecture and Its Representations -- 3.5. Other Architectures -- 4. Document Planning -- 4.2. Representing Information in the Domain -- 4.3. Content Determination -- 4.4. Document Structuring -- 4.5. Document Planner Architecture -- 5. Microplanning -- 5.2. Lexicalisation -- 5.3. Aggregation -- 5.4. Generating Referring Expressions -- 5.5. Limitations and Other Approaches -- 6. Surface Realisation -- 6.2. Realising Text Specifications -- 6.3. Varieties of Phrase Specifications -- 6.4. KPML -- 6.5. SURGE -- 6.6. RealPro -- 6.7. Choosing a Realiser -- 6.8. Bidirectional Grammars -- 7. Beyond Text Generation -- 7.2. Typography -- 7.3. Integrating Text and Graphics -- 7.4. Hypertex -- 7.5. Speech Output -- App. NLG Systems Mentioned in This Book |
