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Morphometrics and molecular phylogenetics of Angraecum section Dolabrifolia (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae)

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Abstract

Species delimitation within Angraecum section Dolabrifolia is problematic due to morphological variability coupled with overlap in many of the characters traditionally used to distinguish species. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus included three of the five currently described species of the Dolabrifolia group, placing them as sister to continental African species of Angraecum sect. Pectinaria. In preparation for a taxonomic revision of section Dolabrifolia, we analyzed morphological and molecular data to re-assess the circumscription of each of the five currently described species, examined the relationships among members of the section, and assessed their position within the genus. We used 172 alcohol-preserved specimens to perform multivariate analyses on 15 morphological characters. We also collected molecular sequence data from 16 taxa including all members of the section using six DNA regions, and analyzed these data with parsimony and Bayesian methods. The morphometric study revealed five distinct groups, of which four correspond to currently recognized species, while the fifth represents a taxonomic novelty. Angraecum podochiloides is the most distinctive morphologically, recognizable by its narrow leaves bearing white-yellowish flowers. The often confused species Angraecum distichum and Angraecum bancoense are clearly distinguishable by flower size. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that section Dolabrifolia forms a well-supported clade related to the continental African members of section Pectinaria. Four species are well delimited, while the accessions of Angraecum aporoides formed two well-supported clades corresponding to two subclusters revealed by the morphometric study. The recently published Angraecum poppendickianum is shown to be a synonym of A. distichum.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the curators of WAG and to Jean Philippe Biteau (Libreville, Gabon) for making available their living and DNA collections and for allowing the authors access to their facilities. We would like to thank Marie Noël Djuikouo, Catherina Guiakam, Gyslène Kamdem, Narcisse Kamdem, Sandrine Mayogo, Charlemagne Nguembou, Hermann Taedoumg, and Lise Zemagho for the collection of specimens in the Yaoundé shadehouse, and Eric Akouangou and Christelle Nyangala for the collection of specimens in the Sibang shadehouse (Libreville). We are grateful to the American Orchid Society for support of the first author’s work in Cameroon. Fieldwork was also funded by the Central Africa Regional Program of the Environment (CARPE), “Sud Expert Plantes” project (project #375) under French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, DIVEAC and ECOFAC. DNA sequencing was supported by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S-FNRS) through Grants FRFC 2.4.577.10 and MIS 4.519.10. Additional fieldwork, herbarium visits, and part of laboratory studies were supported by the US National Science Foundation (Grant 1051547, T. Stévart as PI, G. M. Plunkett as Co-PI).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké & Vincent Droissart

  2. Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa and Madagascar Department, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA

    Bonaventure Sonké, Vincent Droissart, Porter P. Lowry II. & Tariq Stévart

  3. Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F. Roosevelt, CP 160/12, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Bonaventure Sonké & Olivier J. Hardy

  4. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche AMAP (Botanique et Bioinformatique de l’Architecture des Plantes), Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, 34398, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France

    Vincent Droissart

  5. Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 265, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Vincent Droissart & Tariq Stévart

  6. Université de La Réunion, Peuplements Végétaux & Bioagresseurs Milieu Tropical, Unité Mixte de Recherche C53 Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Université Saint Denis 9, La Réunion, France

    Claire Micheneau

  7. Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7205, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle/École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, C.P. 39, 75231, Paris CEDEX 5, France

    Porter P. Lowry II.

  8. Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, 10458-5126, USA

    Gregory M. Plunkett

  9. Agentschap Plantentuin Meise, Domein van Bouchout, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium

    Tariq Stévart

Authors
  1. Murielle Simo-Droissart
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  2. Bonaventure Sonké
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  3. Vincent Droissart
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  4. Claire Micheneau
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  5. Porter P. Lowry II.
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  6. Olivier J. Hardy
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  7. Gregory M. Plunkett
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  8. Tariq Stévart
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Murielle Simo-Droissart.

Additional information

Handling editor: Livia Wanntorp.

Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Online Resource 1. Material used for morphological study of species of Angraecum section Dolabrifolia

Online Resource 2. Species names with ID DNA, distribution and voucher information for all taxa used in this study

Online Resource 3. Alignment used to produce the tree with the ITS-1 marker

Online Resource 4. Alignment used to produce the tree with the rps16 marker

Online Resource 5. Alignment used to produce the tree with the trnL-F marker

Online Resource 6. Alignment used to produce the tree with the matK marker

Online Resource 7. Alignment used to produce the tree with the ycf1 marker

Online Resource 8. Alignment used to produce the tree with the trnC-petN marker

Online Resource 9. Alignment used to produce the tree with the five plastid markers

Online Resource 10. Alignment used to produce the tree with the six markers

606_2016_1315_MOESM11_ESM.pdf

Online Resource 11. Loadings of the first three axes of the extended principal component analysis on the 172 specimens of section Dolabrifolia, eigenvalues, percentage of variance, and cumulative percentage of variance explained by these first three axes. In bold, the highest loadings of each principal component. See Table 1 for variable codes

Appendices

Appendix

Voucher information and GenBank accession numbers for taxa used in the phylogenetic analysis of Angraecum sect. Dolabrifolia (including out-groups). For each taxon, voucher information (between brackets) is listed in the following order: locality, date, collector name and collection number, herbarium acronym. Accession numbers are listed in the following order: ITS-1, matK, rps16, trnC-petN, trnL-F, ycf1. Hyphens indicate that no data are available.

In-group: Angraecum aporoides Summerh. (South Cameroon, Bifa, 12 Jul 2007, Droissart et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 592, BRLU) KF672217, KF672266, KF672230, KF672308, KF662332, KF672336; A. aporoides Summerh. (South Cameroon, Bipindi, 1 Oct 2009, Simo et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 1839, BRLU) KX060061, KX060081, KX060101, −, KX060139, KX060159; A. aporoides Summerh. (Gabon, Andok Foula, 2 Feb 2008, Jardin Botanique de Bambusa 144, BRLU) KX060058, KX060078, KX060098, KX060117, KX060136, KX060156; A. aporoides Summerh. (Gabon, Rabi, 8 Jul 2011, Jardin Botanique de Bambusa 193, BRLU) KX060057, KX060077, KX060097, KX060116, KX060135, KX060155; A. aporoides Summerh. (Gabon, s.loc., 25 May 2007, Jardin Botanique de Bambusa 83, BRLU) KX060055, KX060075, KX060095, KX060114, KX060133, KX060153; A. aporoides Summerh. (Gabon, s.loc., 6 Feb 2012, Jardin Botanique de Bambusa 259, BRLU) KX060054, KX060074, KX060093, KX060113, KX060132, KX060152; A. aporoides Summerh. (Gabon, s.loc., 2 Mar 2010, Jardin Botanique de Bambusa 131, BRLU) KX060046, KX060066, KX060086, KX060106, KX060124, KX060144; A. aporoides Summerh. (Gabon, Mont Songo, 3 Mar 2008, Accession N° of Cult. Tchimbélé shadehouse MBG 161, BRLU) KX060059, KX060079, KX060099, KX060118, KX060137, KX060157; A. aporoides Summerh. (São Tomé and Príncipe, Praia da Lapa, 1 Feb 2008, Accession N° of Cult. Bom Successo shadehouse 946, BRLU) KF672202, KF672276, KF672242, KF672292, KF662338, KF672340; A. aporoides Summerh. (Gabon, s.loc., 25 May 2007, Cultivated at JardiGab shadehouse N° BTO 30, BRLU) KX060056, KX060076, KX060096, KX060115, KX060134, KX060154; Angraecum aff. aporoides (Gabon, Rabi, 3 Jun 2010, Accession N° of Cult. BR 20090387-38, BR) KX060051, KX060071, KX060091, KX060110, KX060129, KX060149; A. aff. aporoides (Gabon, s.loc., s.d., Jardin Botanique de Bambusa 50, BRLU) KF672200, KF672286, KF672232, KF672288, KF662340, KF672333; Angraecum atlanticum Stévart and Droissart (Gabon, Doudou Mountains, 12 Sep 1986, van der Laan 1068, BRLU) KF672213, KF672284, KF672243, KF672299, KF662343, KF672335; Angraecum bancoense Burg (South Cameroon, Nkolembonda, 14 Oct 2010, Simo et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 2462, BRLU) KX060047, KX060067, KX060087, KX060107, KX060125, KX060145; A. bancoense Burg (Littoral Cameroon, Douala-Edéa Reserve, 6 Jun 2009, Simo et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 1581, BRLU) KX060053, KX060073, KX060093, KX060112, KX060131, KX060151; A. bancoense Burg (South Cameroon, Monts des Eléphants, 26 Jul 2007, Droissart et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 620, BRLU), KF672221, KF672280, KF67225, KF672311, KF662335, KF672320; A. bancoense Burg (South Cameroon, Nkoltsia, 28 Jun 2010, Simo et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 2207, BRLU) KX060060, KX060080, KX060100, KX060119, KX060138, KX060158; Angraecum distichum Lindl. (Centre Cameroon, Mbam Minkom, 2 Aug 2004, Droissart et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 62, BRLU) KX060062, KX060082, KX060102, KX060120, KX060140, KX060160; A. distichum Lindl. (South Cameroon, Yokadouma-Moloundou road, 23 Aug 2010, Simo et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 2309, BRLU) KX060049, KX060069, KX060089, KX060108, KX060127, KX060147; A. distichum Lindl. (South Cameroon, Ngoyla, 17 Sep 2010, Simo et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 2394, BRLU) KX060048, KX060068, KX060088, −, KX060126, KX060146; A. distichum Lindl. (East Cameroon, Dja Forest Reserve, 24 Jan 2008, Droissart et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 924, BRLU) KF672227, KF672265, KF672231, KF672289, KF662348, KF672337; A. distichum Lindl. (Guinea-Bissau, Mounts Kalikouma, 3 Jun 2010, Accession N° of Cult. BR 19540481, BR) KX060050, KX060070, KX060090, KX060109, KX060128, KX060148; Angraecum doratophyllum Summerh. (São Tomé and Príncipe, s.loc., 3 Jun 2010, Accession N° of Cult. BR 20090375-26, BR) KF672224, KF672261, KF672247, KF672296, KF662351, KF672328; Angraecum gabonense Summerh. (Gabon, between Rabi 49 and 50, 22 Jun 1992, Arends 957, BRLU) KF672209, KF672279, KF672237, KF672295, KF662333, KF672344; Angraecum podochiloides Schltr. (s.loc., 3 Jun 2010, Accession N° of Cult. BR 2009380-31, BR) KX060052, KX060072, KX060092, KX060111, KX060130, KX060150; A. podochiloides Schltr. (Southwest Cameroon, Banyang Mbo wildlife sanctuary, 8 Feb 2008, Droissart et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 939, BRLU) KF672225, KF672281, KF672238, KF672293, KF662330, KF672339; A. podochiloides Schltr. (Gabon, s.loc., s.d., Accession N° of Cult. Tchimbélé shadehouse MBG 656, BRLU) KX060045, KX060065, KX060085, KX060105, KX060123, KX060143; A. podochiloides Schltr. (Gabon, s.loc., 15 Feb 2012, Accession N° of Cult. Tchimbélé shadehouse, MBG 703, BRLU) KX060044, KX060064, KX060084, KX060104, KX060122, KX060142; A. podochiloides Schltr. (Gabon, s.loc., 11 Jan 2011, Jardin Botanique de Bambusa 159, BRLU) KX060043, KX060063, KX060083, KX060103, KX060121, KX060141; Angraecum pungens Schltr. (Southwest Cameroon, Banyang Mbo wildlife sanctuary, 31 May 2011, Simo et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 2817, BRLU) KF672216, KF672260, KF672249, KF672304, KF662328, KF672338; Angraecum subulatum Lindl. (Ivory Coast, s.loc., 3 Jun 2010, Cultivated at BR Greenhouse Accession N° BR 20090388-39, BR) KF672206, KF672285, KF672251, KF672300, KF662355, KF672324; Diaphananthe odoratissima (Rchb.f.) P.J.Cribb and Carlsward (Rwanda, Bugesera, 3 Jun 2010, Cultivated at BR Greenhouse, Accession N° BR 19910192-69, BR) KF672208, KF672282, KF672256, KF672315, KF662341, KF672345; Tridactyle aurantiopunctata P.J.Cribb and Stévart (São Tomé and Príncipe, Pico Papagaio, 1 Sep 1999, Stévart 656, BRLU) KF672201, KF672287, KF672236, KF672290, KF662356, KF672319; Tridactyle bicaudata (Lindl.) Schltr. (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kisantu, s.d., Cultivated at Kisantu shadehouse Accession N° KIS 135, BRLU) KF672210, KF672263, KF672234, KF672305, KF662346, −; Out-groups: Polystachya albescens Ridl. subsp. imbricata (Rolfe) Summerh. (South Cameroon, Akom II, 8 Nov 2010, Simo et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 2553, BRLU) KF672219, KF672259, KF672246, KF672310, KF662352, KF672317; Polystachya calluniflora Kraenzl. (Southwest Cameroon, Rumpi Hills, 2 Nov 2010, Simo et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 2527, BRLU) KF672214, KF672262, KF672229, −, KF662331, KF672329; Polystachya pyramidalis Lindl. (South Cameroon, Eboundja, 25 Oct 2010, Simo et al. (Yaoundé shadehouse) 2497, BRLU) KF672212, KF672283, KF672245, KF672294, KF662339, KF672332.

Information on Electronic Supplementary Material

Online Resource 1. Material used for morphological study of species of Angraecum section Dolabrifolia

Online Resource 2. Species names with ID DNA, distribution and voucher information for all taxa used in this study

Online Resource 3. Alignment used to produce the tree with the ITS-1 marker

Online Resource 4. Alignment used to produce the tree with the rps16 marker

Online Resource 5. Alignment used to produce the tree with the trnL-F marker

Online Resource 6. Alignment used to produce the tree with the matK marker

Online Resource 7. Alignment used to produce the tree with the ycf1 marker

Online Resource 8. Alignment used to produce the tree with the trnC-petN marker

Online Resource 9. Alignment used to produce the tree with the five plastid markers

Online Resource 10. Alignment used to produce the tree with the six markers

Online Resource 11. Loadings of the first three axes of the extended principal component analysis on the 172 specimens of section Dolabrifolia, eigenvalues, percentage of variance, and cumulative percentage of variance explained by these first three axes. In bold, the highest loadings of each principal component. See Table 1 for variable codes

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Simo-Droissart, M., Sonké, B., Droissart, V. et al. Morphometrics and molecular phylogenetics of Angraecum section Dolabrifolia (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae). Plant Syst Evol 302, 1027–1045 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1315-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1315-5

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