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Diet-gene interaction: effects of polymorphisms in the ACE, AGT and BDKRB2 genes and the consumption of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium on blood pressure of normotensive adult individuals

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Abstract

Functional variants in genes of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and kallikrein-kinin (KKS) systems have already been implicated in blood pressure (BP) modulation, but few studies have focused on a nutrigenetics approach. Thus, the aim of this study is to verify the effects of the interaction between genetic polymorphisms (rs4340-ACE, rs699-AGT, and rs1799722-BDKRB2) and micronutrient consumption (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) on BP values of normotensive adult individuals. The study included 335 adults, men and women, 25.5 (6.6) years old. Biochemical, anthropometric, BP measurements, and food intake data were assessed for all participants. Gene-nutrient interaction on BP outcome was tested by multiple linear regression with manual backward stepwise modeling. Our results indicated that individuals with G allele for rs699 polymorphism, in the increase of sodium and magnesium consumption, both in the genotypic model (sodium, p = 0.035; magnesium, p = 0.016) and in the dominant model (sodium, p = 0.009; magnesium, p = 0.006) had higher systolic BP (SBP) levels compared to AA homozygotes (sodium, p = 0.001; magnesium, p < 0.001). Also, individuals with the T allele for the rs1799722 polymorphism, with higher calcium intake, had significantly higher levels of SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) when compared to CC homozygotes (p = 0.037). In conclusion, our findings pointed for significant interactions between genetic polymorphisms (rs699-AGT and rs1799722-BDKRB2) and the consumption of micronutrients (sodium, magnesium, and calcium) on the BP variation. These findings contribute to the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in BP regulation, which probable include several gene-nutrition interactions.

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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the academic community of the University of Vale do Taquari – Univates for their voluntary participation in this study, and the Nutrigenetics team, for their assistance in data collection. We are also thankful to the following funding sources: Fundação Vale do Taquari de Educação e Desenvolvimento Social (FUVATES, grant 08/Reitoria/Univates), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, grants 308546/2017-2 and 432392/2018-1), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, scholarship code 001).

Funding

This study was supported by Fundação Vale do Taquari de Educação e Desenvolvimento Social (FUVATES, grant 08/Reitoria/Univates), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, grants 308546/2017-2 and 432392/2018-1), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, scholarship code 001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari –Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil

    Janine Giovanella, Luana Maria Wollinger, Luisa Capra, Fabiane Dresch & Verônica Contini

  2. Postgraduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Júlia Pasqualini Genro

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  1. Janine Giovanella
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  6. Verônica Contini
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JG and LMW collected, analyzed, and interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. LC and FD helped in the data collection and assisted in literature reviews. JPG and VC supervised the study, interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Verônica Contini.

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The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Vale do Taquari – Univates (protocol number 110/11), complying with all the research ethics criteria of the Helsinki Declaration. The subjects were informed about the protocol objectives and goals and signed an informed consent when they decided to participate in the study.

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Giovanella, J., Wollinger, L.M., Capra, L. et al. Diet-gene interaction: effects of polymorphisms in the ACE, AGT and BDKRB2 genes and the consumption of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium on blood pressure of normotensive adult individuals. Mol Cell Biochem 476, 1211–1219 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-020-03983-5

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