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Study on the Gradation of Crushed Sand by Using a Novel Digital Image Processing Methodology

  • Research Article-Civil Engineering
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Abstract

It is a trend to replace the increasing shortage of natural sand with crushed sand for the development of building materials. To meet the construction requirements, it is necessary to measure the shape and gradation of crushed sand that is difficult to control. To solve this problem, a novel digital image processing methodology is proposed in this paper. Through the setting of camera resolution, lens and light source selection, the hardware platform of the measurement system was developed. The shape and gradation characterization method of dynamic falling crushed sand was studied, and the measurement software system was developed. Comparative experimental study of equivalent particle size, study of gradations repeatability experiment, comparative experimental study of dynamic digital image methodology and vibration sieving method of gradations and comparative experimental study before and after correction were conducted, respectively. The experimental results show that the equivalent elliptic Feret short diameter is suitable as the equivalent particle size. The maximum repeatability error appears in the size interval of 1.18–2.36 mm, which is 0.9%. The maximum gradation error is reduced from 6.93% before correction to 2.77% after correction. The maximum error of fineness modulus is reduced from − 0.13 to − 0.01. The accuracy of the developed measurement system can meet the actual engineering requirements, and it can realize the quality monitoring of crushed sand.

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Abbreviations

VSM:

Vibration sieving method

DIM:

Digital image methodology

FM:

Fineness modulus

CCD:

Charge-coupled device

S :

The projected area of the particles (mm2)

a :

The maximum Feret diameter of the particle (mm)

X Feret :

The equivalent elliptic Feret short diameter (mm)

(\( \bar{x} \), \( \bar{y} \)):

The center of particle centroid of mass

P :

The projected perimeter of the particle (mm)

L :

The equivalent ellipse major axis (mm)

W :

The equivalent ellipse minor axis (mm)

a i :

The mass percentage on the standard sieve mesh of each level (%)

m i :

The mass of the remaining crushed sand on the standard sieve mesh of all levels (g)

M :

The total mass of crushed sand used for one sieving (g)

ρ :

The density of the sand (g/cm3)

V m :

The volume of crushed sand on the sieve surface of this class (cm3)

V M :

The total volume of all crushed sand (cm3)

A 1 :

The cumulative percentage on the sieve surface of 4.75 mm

A 2, A 3, A 4, A 5, A 6 :

The cumulative percentage on the sieve surface of 2.36, 1.18, 0.6, 0.3, 0.15 mm, respectively

K :

Dynamic correction coefficient

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Major Project Foundation of Science and Technology in Fujian Province (2016H6013). This work was financially supported by the Pilot Project of Fujian Province (2018H0021). This work was financially supported by the Subsidized Project for Postgraduates’ Innovative Fund in Scientific Research of Huaqiao University (Grant No. 17013080055). This work was financially supported by the Major Project Foundation of Science and Technology in Fujian Province (2020H61010049).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Process Monitoring and System Optimization for Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China

    Xiaoyu Huang, Jianhong Yang, Huaiying Fang & Wen Yu

  2. Fujian South Highway Machinery Co., Ltd, Quanzhou, 362021, Fujian, China

    Wenjing Huang & Weiduan Lin

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  1. Xiaoyu Huang
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  2. Jianhong Yang
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Correspondence to Jianhong Yang.

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Huang, X., Yang, J., Fang, H. et al. Study on the Gradation of Crushed Sand by Using a Novel Digital Image Processing Methodology. Arab J Sci Eng 46, 4627–4638 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-05110-4

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