Interplay between Bladder Microbiota and Urinary Antimicrobial Peptides: Mechanisms for Human Urinary Tract Infection Risk and Symptom Severity
Figure 3
Urinary AMP protein levels in each UTI cohort.
Urinary AMP levels were determined by ELISA and normalized to total urinary protein. A. human β-defensin-1 (HBD1) normalized to total protein. B. human β-defensin-2 (HBD2) normalized to total protein. C. Psoriasin normalized to total protein. D. Lactoferrin normalized to total protein. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 by One-way ANOVA and Dunn's post-test. Median with interquartile range is shown for each AMP.