Abstract
Medicago truncatula emerged in 1990 as a model for legumes, comprising the third largest land plant family. Most legumes form symbiotic nitrogen-fixing root nodules with compatible soil bacteria and thus are important contributors to the global nitrogen cycle and sustainable agriculture. Legumes and legume products are important sources for human and animal protein as well as for edible and industrial oils. In the years since M. truncatula was chosen as a legume model, many genetic, genomic, and molecular resources have become available, including reference quality genome sequences for two widely used genotypes. Accessibility of genomic data is important for many different types of studies with M. truncatula as well as for research involving crop and forage legumes. In this chapter, we discuss strategies to obtain archived M. truncatula genomic data originally deposited into custom databases that are no longer maintained but are now accessible in general databases. We also review key current genomic databases that are specific to M. truncatula as well as those that contain M. truncatula data in addition to data from other plants.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Barker DG, Bianchi S, London F, Dattee Y, Duc G, Essad S, Flament P, Gallusci P, Genier G, Muel X, Tourneur J, Denarie J, Huguet T (1990) Medicago truncatula, a model plant for studying the molecular genetics of the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Plant Mol Biol Rep 8:40–49
Handberg K, Stougaard J (1992) Lotus japonicus, an autogamous, diploid legume species for classical and molecular genetics. Plant J 2:487–496
Cook DR (1999) Medicago truncatula - a model in the making! Curr Opin Plant Biol 2:301–304
Oldroyd GED (2013) Speak, friend, and enter: signalling systems that promote beneficial symbiotic associations in plants. Nat Rev Microbiol 11:252–263
Sagan M, Morandi D, Tarneghi E, Duc G (1995) Selection of nodulation and mycorrhizal mutants in the model plant Medicago truncatula (Gaertn.) after γ-mutagenesis. Plant Sci 111:63–71
Markmann K, Parniske M (2009) Evolution of root endosymbiosis with bacteria: how novel are nodules? Trends Plant Sci 14:77–86
Limpens E, Bisseling T (2003) Signaling in symbiosis. Curr Opin Plant Biol 6:343–350
Young ND, Debelle F, Oldroyd GED, Geurts R, Cannon SB, Udvardi MK, Benedito VA, Mayer KFX, Gouzy J, Schoof H, Van de Peer Y, Proost S, Cook DR, Meyers BC, Spannagl M, Cheung F, De Mita S, Krishnakumar V, Gundlach H, Zhou S, Mudge J, Bharti AK, Murray JD, Naoumkina MA, Rosen B, Silverstein KAT, Tang H, Rombauts S, Zhao PX, Zhou P, Barbe V, Bardou P, Bechner M, Bellec A, Berger A, Berges H, Bidwell S, Bisseling T, Choisne N, Couloux A, Denny R, Deshpande S, Dai X, Doyle JJ, Dudez A-M, Farmer AD, Fouteau S, Franken C, Gibelin C, Gish J, Goldstein S, Gonzalez AJ, Green PJ, Hallab A, Hartog M, Hua A, Humphray SJ, Jeong D-H, Jing Y, Jocker A, Kenton SM, Kim D-J, Klee K, Lai H, Lang C, Lin S, Macmil SL, Magdelenat G, Matthews L, McCorrison J, Monaghan EL, Mun J-H, Najar FZ, Nicholson C, Noirot C, O’Bleness M, Paule CR, Poulain J, Prion F, Qin B, Qu C, Retzel EF, Riddle C, Sallet E, Samain S, Samson N, Sanders I, Saurat O, Scarpelli C, Schiex T, Segurens B, Severin AJ, Sherrier DJ, Shi R, Sims S, Singer SR, Sinharoy S, Sterck L, Viollet A, Wang B-B, Wang K, Wang M, Wang X, Warfsmann J, Weissenbach J, White DD, White JD, Wiley GB, Wincker P, Xing Y, Yang L, Yao Z, Ying F, Zhai J, Zhou L, Zuber A, Denarie J, Dixon RA, May GD, Schwartz DC, Rogers J, Quetier F, Town CD, Roe BA (2011) The Medicago genome provides insight into the evolution of rhizobial symbioses. Nature 480(7378):520–524 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v480/n7378/abs/nature10625.html#supplementary-information
Tang H, Krishnakumar V, Bidwell S, Rosen B, Chan A, Zhou S, Gentzbittel L, Childs KL, Yandell M, Gundlach H, Mayer KF, Schwartz DC, Town CD (2014) An improved genome release (version Mt4.0) for the model legume Medicago truncatula. BMC Genomics 15:312
Sato S, Nakamura Y, Kaneko T, Asamizu E, Kato T, Nakao M, Sasamoto S, Watanabe A, Ono A, Kawashima K, Fujishiro T, Katoh M, Kohara M, Kishida Y, Minami C, Nakayama S, Nakazaki N, Shimizu Y, Shinpo S, Takahashi C, Wada T, Yamada M, Ohmido N, Hayashi M, Fukui K, Baba T, Nakamichi T, Mori H, Tabata S (2008) Genome structure of the legume, Lotus japonicus. DNA Res 15(4):227–239. https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsn008
Schmutz J, Cannon SB, Schlueter J, Ma J, Mitros T, Nelson W, Hyten DL, Song Q, Thelen JJ, Cheng J, Xu D, Hellsten U, May GD, Yu Y, Sakurai T, Umezawa T, Bhattacharyya MK, Sandhu D, Valliyodan B, Lindquist E, Peto M, Grant D, Shu S, Goodstein D, Barry K, Futrell-Griggs M, Abernathy B, Du J, Tian Z, Zhu L, Gill N, Joshi T, Libault M, Sethuraman A, Zhang X-C, Shinozaki K, Nguyen HT, Wing RA, Cregan P, Specht J, Grimwood J, Rokhsar D, Stacey G, Shoemaker RC, Jackson SA (2010) Genome sequence of the palaeopolyploid soybean. Nature 463(7278):178–183
Varshney RK, Chen W, Li Y, Bharti AK, Saxena RK, Schlueter JA, Donoghue MTA, Azam S, Fan G, Whaley AM, Farmer AD, Sheridan J, Iwata A, Tuteja R, Penmetsa RV, Wu W, Upadhyaya HD, Yang S-P, Shah T, Saxena KB, Michael T, McCombie WR, Yang B, Zhang G, Yang H, Wang J, Spillane C, Cook DR, May GD, Xu X, Jackson SA (2012) Draft genome sequence of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), an orphan legume crop of resource-poor farmers. Nat Biotechnol 30:83–89
Bertioli DJ, Cannon SB, Froenicke L, Huang G, Farmer AD, Cannon EKS, Liu X, Gao D, Clevenger J, Dash S, Ren L, Moretzsohn MC, Shirasawa K, Huang W, Vidigal B, Abernathy B, Chu Y, Niederhuth CE, Umale P, Araújo ACG, Kozik A, Kim KD, Burow MD, Varshney RK, Wang X, Zhang X, Barkley N, Guimarães PM, Isobe S, Guo B, Liao B, Stalker HT, Schmitz RJ, Scheffler BE, Leal-Bertioli SCM, Xun X, Jackson SA, Michelmore R, Ozias-Akins P (2016) The genome sequences of Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis, the diploid ancestors of cultivated peanut. Nat Genet 48:438–446
Varshney RK, Song C, Saxena RK, Azam S, Yu S, Sharpe AG, Cannon S, Baek J, Rosen BD, Tar'an B, Millan T, Zhang X, Ramsay LD, Iwata A, Wang Y, Nelson W, Farmer AD, Gaur PM, Soderlund C, Penmetsa RV, Xu C, Bharti AK, He W, Winter P, Zhao S, Hane JK, Carrasquilla-Garcia N, Condie JA, Upadhyaya HD, Luo M-C, Thudi M, Gowda CLL, Singh NP, Lichtenzveig J, Gali KK, Rubio J, Nadarajan N, Dolezel J, Bansal KC, Xu X, Edwards D, Zhang G, Kahl G, Gil J, Singh KB, Datta SK, Jackson SA, Wang J, Cook DR (2013) Draft genome sequence of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) provides a resource for trait improvement. Nat Biotechnol 31:240–246
Jain M, Misra G, Patel RK, Priya P, Jhanwar S, Khan AW, Shah N, Singh VK, Garg R, Jeena G, Yadav M, Kant C, Sharma P, Yadav G, Bhatia S, Tyagi AK, Chattopadhyay D (2013) A draft genome sequence of the pulse crop chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant J 74:715–729
Phytozome v9.1: Phaseolus vulgaris v1.0 phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/pz/portal.html#!info?alias=Org_Pvulgaris
Moll KM, Zhou P, Ramaraj T, Fajardo D, Devitt NP, Sadowsky MJ, Stupar RM, Tiffin P, Miller JR, Young ND, Silverstein KAT, Mudge J (2017) Strategies for optimizing BioNano and dovetail explored through a second reference quality assembly for the legume model, Medicago truncatula. BMC Genomics 18:578
Bell CJ, Dixon RA, Farmer AD, Flores R, Inman J, Gonzales RA, Harrison MJ, Paiva NL, Scott AD, Weller JW, May GD (2001) The Medicago Genome Initiative: a model legume database. Nucleic Acids Res 29:114–117
Lamblin A-FJ, Crow JA, Johnson JE, Silverstein KAT, Kunau TM, Kilian A, Benz D, Stromvik M, Endré G, VandenBosch KA, Cook DR, Young ND, Retzel EF (2003) MtDB: a database for personalized data mining of the model legume Medicago truncatula transcriptome. Nucleic Acids Res 31:196–201
Cannon SB, Crow JA, Heuer ML, Wang X, Cannon EKS, Dwan C, Lamblin A-F, Vasdewani J, Mudge J, Cook A, Gish J, Cheung F, Kenton S, Kunau TM, Brown D, May GD, Kim D, Cook DR, Roe BA, Town CD, Young ND, Retzel EF (2005) Databases and information integration for the Medicago truncatula genome and transcriptome. Plant Physiol 138(1):38–46
Covitz PA, Smith LS, Long SR (1998) Expressed sequence tags from a root-hair-enriched Medicago truncatula cDNA library. Plant Physiol 117:1325–1332
Gyorgyey J, Vaubert D, Jimenez-Zurdo JI, Charon C, Troussard L, Kondorosi A, Kondorosi E (2000) Analysis of Medicago truncatula nodule expressed sequence tags. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 13:62–71
Journet E-P, van Tuinen D, Gouzy J, Crespeau H, Carreau V, Farmer M-J, Niebel A, Schiex T, Jaillon O, Chatagnier O, Godiard L, Micheli F, Kahn D, Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Gamas P (2002) Exploring root symbiotic programs in the model legume Medicago truncatula using EST analysis. Nucl Acids Res 30(24):5579–5592
Nam YW, Penmetsa RV, Endre G, Uribe P, Kim D, Cook DR (1999) Construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome library of Medicago truncatula and identification of clones containing ethylene-response genes. Theor Appl Genet 98:638–646
Kulikova O, Gualtieri G, Geurts R, Kim DJ, Cook D, Huguet T, de Jong JH, Fransz PF, Bisseling T (2001) Integration of the FISH pachytene and genetic maps of Medicago truncatula. Plant J 27:49–58
Choi H-K, Kim D, Uhm T, Limpens E, Lim H, Kalo P, Penmetsa VR, Seres A, Kulikova O, Bisseling T, Kiss G, Cook DR (2004) A sequence-based genetic map of Medicago truncatula and comparison of marker co-linearity with Medicago sativa. Genetics 166:1463–1502
VandenBosch KA, Stacey G (2003) Summaries of legume genomics projects from around the globe. Community resources for crops and models. Plant Physiol 131:840–865
Frugoli J, Harris J (2001) Medicago truncatula on the move! Plant Cell 13(3):458–463
Fedorova M, van de Mortel J, Matsumoto PA, Cho J, Town CD, VandenBosch KA, Gantt JS, Vance CP (2002) Genome-wide identification of nodule-specific transcripts in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiol 130(2):519–537
Young ND, Cannon SB, Sato S, Kim D, Cook DR, Town CD, Roe BA, Tabata S (2005) Sequencing the genespaces of Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus. Plant Physiol 137(4):1174–1181. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.057034
Kulikova O, Geurts R, Lamine M, Kim D-J, Cook DR, Leunissen J, de Jong H, Roe BA, Bisseling T (2004) Satellite repeats in the functional centromere and pericentromeric heterochromatin of Medicago truncatula. Chromosoma 113:276–283
Town CD (2006) Annotating the genome of Medicago truncatula. Curr Opin Plant Biol 9(2):122–127
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Meyers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215(3):403–410
Urbanczyk-Wochniak E, Sumner LW (2007) MedicCyc: a biochemical pathway database for Medicago truncatula. Bioinformatics 23:1418–1423
Karp PD (2002) The MetaCyc database. Nucleic Acids Res 30:59–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/30.1.59
Karp PD, Paley S, Romero P (2002) The pathway tools software. Bioinformatics 18:S225–S232. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/18.suppl_1.S225
Pontius JU, Wagner L, Schuler GD (2003) UniGene: a unified view of the transcriptome. NCBI Handbook 1:1–12
Hohnjec N, Vieweg MF, Pühler A, Becker A, Küster H (2005) Overlaps in the transcriptional profiles of Medicago truncatula roots inoculated with two different Glomus fungi provide insights into the genetic program activated during arbuscular mycorrhiza. Plant Physiol 137:1283–1301
Lohar DP, Sharopova N, Endre G, Penuela S, Samac D, Town C, Silverstein KAT, VandenBosch KA (2006) Transcript analysis of early nodulation events in Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiol 140(1):221–234
Kuster H, Hohnjec N, Krajinski F, El YF, Manthey K, Gouzy J, Dondrup M, Meyer F, Kalinowski J, Brechenmacher L, van Tuinen D, Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Puhler A, Gamas P, Becker A (2004) Construction and validation of cDNA-based Mt6k-RIT macro- and microarrays to explore root endosymbioses in the model legume Medicago truncatula. J Biotechnol 108:95–113
Manthey K, Krajinski F, Hohnjec N, Firnhaber C, Puhler A, Perlick AM, Kuster H (2004) Transcriptome profiling in root nodules and arbuscular mycorrhiza identifies a collection of novel genes induced during Medicago truncatula root endosymbioses. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 17(10):1063–1077. https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.10.1063
El Yahyaoui F, Kuster H, Ben Amor B, Hohnjec N, Pühler A, Becker A, Gouzy J, Vernie T, Gough C, Niebel A, Godiard L, Gamas P (2004) Expression profiling in Medicago truncatula identifies more than 750 genes differentially expressed during nodulation, including many potential regulators of the symbiotic program. Plant Physiol 136:3159–3176
Mitra RM, Shaw SL, Long SR (2004) Six nonnodulating plant mutants defective for Nod factor-induced transcriptional changes associated with the legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 0402186101
Barnett MJ, Toman CJ, Fisher RF, Long SR (2004) A dual-genome symbiosis chip for coordinate study of signal exchange and development in a prokaryote-host interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:16636–16641
Tesfaye M, Silverstein KAT, Bucciarelli B, Samac DA, Vance CP (2006) The Affymetrix Medicago GeneChip® array is applicable for transcript analysis of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Funct Plant Biol 33:783–788
Benedito VA, Torres-Jerez I, Murray JD, Andriankaja A, Allen S, Kakar K, Wandrey M, Verdier J, Zuber H, Ott T, Moreau S, Niebel A, Frickey T, Weiller G, He J, Dai X, Zhao PX, Tang Y, Udvardi MK (2008) A gene expression atlas of the model legume Medicago truncatula. Plant J 55:504–513
He J, Benedito VA, Wang M, Murray JD, Zhao PX, Tang Y, Udvardi MK (2009) The Medicago truncatula gene expression atlas web server. BMC Bioinformatics 10:441. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471–2105–1110-1441
Benedito VA, Li H, Dai X, Wandrey M, He J, Kaundal R, Torres-Jerez I, Gomez SK, Harrison MJ, Tang Y, Zhao PX, Udvardi MK (2010) Genomic inventory and transcriptional analysis of Medicago truncatula transporters. Plant Physiol 152:1716–1730
Wang M, Verdier J, Benedito VA, Tang Y, Murray JD, Ge Y, Becker JD, Carvalho H, Rogers C, Udvardi M (2013) LegumeGRN: a gene regulatory network prediction server for functional and comparative studies. PLoS One 8:e67434. https://doi.org/10.61371/journal.pone.0067434
Krishnakumar V, Kim M, Rosen BD, Karamycheva S, Bidwell SL, Tang H, Town CD (2015) MTGD: The Medicago truncatula genome database. Plant Cell Physiol 56(1):e1. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcu1179
Hunter S, Apweiler R, Attwood TK, Bairoch A, Bateman A, Binns D, Bork P, Das U, Daugherty L, Duquenne L, Finn RD, Gough J, Haft D, Hulo N, Kahn D, Kelly E, Laugraud A, Letunic I, Lonsdale D, Lopez R, Madera M, Maslen J, McAnulla C, McDowall J, Mistry J, Mitchell A, Mulder N, Natale D, Orengo C, Quinn AF, Selengut JD, Sigrist CJA, Thimma M, Thomas PD, Valentin F, Wilson D, Wu CH, Yeats C (2009) InterPro: the integrative protein signature database. Nucleic Acids Res 37:D211–D215
Stanke M, Keller O, Gunduz I, Hayes A, Waack S, Morgenstern B (2006) AUGUSTUS: ab initio prediction of alternative transcripts. Nucleic Acids Res 34:W435–W439
Salamov AA, Solovyev VV (2000) Ab initio gene finding in Drosophila genomic DNA. Genome Res 10:516–522
Smith RN, Aleksic J, Butano D, Carr A, Contrino S, Hu F, Lyne M, Lyne R, Kalderimis A, Rutherford K, Stepan R, Sullivan J, Wakeling M, Watkins X, Micklem G (2012) InterMine: a flexible data warehouse system for the integration and analysis of heterogeneous biological data. Bioinformatics 28:3163–3165. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts577
Harris TW, Baran J, Bieri T, Cabunoc A, Chan J, Chen WJ, Davis P, Done J, Grove C, Howe K, Kishore R, Lee R, Li Y, Muller HM, Nakamura C, Ozersky P, Paulini M, Raciti D, Schindelman G, Tuli MA, Auken KV, Wang D, Wang X, Williams G, Wong JD, Yook K, Schedl T, Hodgkin J, Berriman M, Kersey P, Spieth J, Stein L, Sternberg PW (2014) WormBase 2014: new views of curated biology. Nucleic Acids Res 42:42. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1063
Krishnakumar V, Contrino S, Cheng CY, Belyaeva I, Ferlanti ES, Miller JR, Vaughn MW, Micklem G, Town CD, Chan AP (2017) Thalemine: a warehouse for Arabidopsis data integration and discovery. Plant Cell Physiol 58:e4. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcw200
Tadege M, Wen J, He J, Tu H, Kwak Y, Eschstruth A, Cayrel A, Endre G, Zhao PX, Chabaud M, Ratet P, Mysore KS (2008) Large-scale insertional mutagenesis using the Tnt1 retrotransposon in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Plant J 54:335–347
Zhou P, Silverstein KAT, Ramaraj T, Guhlin J, Denny R, Liu J, Farmer AD, Steele KP, Stupar RM, Miller JR, Tiffin P, Mudge J, Young ND (2017) Exploring structural variation and gene family architecture with De Novo assemblies of 15 Medicago genomes. BMC Genomics 18:261
Curtin SJ, Tiffin P, Guhlin J, Trujillo DI, Burghardt LT, Atkins P, Baltes NJ, Denny R, Voytas DF, Stupar RM, Young ND (2017) Validating genome-wide association candidates controlling quantitative variation in nodulation. Plant Physiol 173:921–931
Branca A, Paape TD, Zhou P, Briskine R, Farmer AD, Mudge J, Bharti AK, Woodward JE, May GD, Gentzbittel L, Ben C, Denny R, Sadowsky MJ, Ronfort J, Bataillon T, Young ND, Tiffin P (2011) Whole-genome nucleotide diversity, recombination, and linkage disequilibrium in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:E864–E870
Stanton-Geddes J, Paape T, Epstein B, Briskine R, Yoder J, Mudge J, Bharti AK, Farmer AD, Zhou P, Denny R, May GD, Erlandson S, Yakub M, Sugawara M, Sadowsky MJ, Young ND, Tiffin P (2013) Candidate genes and genetic architecture of symbiotic and agronomic traits revealed by whole-genome, sequence-based association genetics in Medicago truncatula. PLoS One 8:e65688
Roux B, Rodde N, Jardinaud M-F, Timmers T, Sauviac L, Cottret L, Carrère S, Sallet E, Courcelle E, Moreau S, Debellé F, Capela D, de Carvalho-Niebel F, Gouzy J, Bruand C, Gamas P (2014) An integrated analysis of plant and bacterial gene expression in symbiotic root nodules using laser-capture microdissection coupled to RNA sequencing. Plant J 77:817–837
Gonzales MD, Archuleta E, Farmer A, Gajendran K, Grant D, Shoemaker R, Beavis WD, Waugh ME (2005) The Legume Information System (LIS): an integrated information resource for comparative legume biology. Nucl Acids Res 33(Suppl 1):D660–D665
Dash S, Campbell JD, Cannon EKS, Cleary AM, Huang W, Kalberer SR, Karingula V, Rice AG, Singh J, Umale PE, Weeks NT, Wilkey AP, Farmer AD, Cannon SB (2016) Legume information system (LegumeInfo.org): a key component of a set of federated data resources for the legume family. Nucleic Acids Res 44:D1181–D1188
Li J, Dai X, Liu T, Zhao PX (2012) LegumeIP: an integrative database for comparative genomics and transcriptomics of model legumes. Nucleic Acids Res 40:D1221–D1229
Tello-Ruiz MK, Stein J, Wei S, Preece J, Olson A, Naithani S, Amarasinghe V, Dharmawardhana P, Jiao Y, Mulvaney J, Kumari S, Chougule K, Elser J, Wang B, Thomason J, Bolser DM, Kerhornou A, Walts B, Fonseca NA, Huerta L, Keays M, Tang YA, Parkinson H, Fabregat A, McKay S, Weiser J, D'Eustachio P, Stein L, Petryszak R, Kersey PJ, Jaiswal P, Ware D (2016) Gramene 2016: comparative plant genomics and pathway resources. Nucleic Acids Res 44:D1133–D1140. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1179
Kersey PJ, Allen JE, Armean I, Boddu S, Bolt BJ, Carvalho-Silva D, Christensen M, Davis P, Falin LJ, Grabmueller C, Humphrey J, Kerhornou A, Khobova J, Aranganathan NK, Langridge N, Lowy E, McDowall MD, Maheswari U, Nuhn M, Ong CK, Overduin B, Paulini M, Pedro H, Perry E, Spudich G, Tapanari E, Walts B, Williams G, Tello-Ruiz M, Stein J, Wei S, Ware D, Bolser DM, Howe KL, Kulesha E, Lawson D, Maslen G, Staines DM (2016) Ensembl genomes 2016: more genomes, more complexity. Nucleic Acids Res 44:D574–D580. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1209
Zhao H, Sun Z, Wang J, Huang H, Kocher J-P, Wang L (2014) CrossMap: a versatile tool for coordinate conversion between genome assemblies. Bioinformatics 30:1006–1007
Stein L (2010) Generic feature format, version 3. Sequence Ontology Project, pp 1–18
Dobin A, Davis CA, Schlesinger F, Drenkow J, Zaleski C, Jha S, Batut P, Chaisson M, Gingeras TR (2013) STAR: Ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner. Bioinformatics 29:15–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635
Trapnell C, Roberts A, Goff L, Pertea G, Kim D, Kelley DR, Pimentel H, Salzberg SL, Rinn JL, Pachter L (2012) Differential gene and transcript expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with TopHat and cufflinks. Nat Protoc 7:562–578. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2012.016
Smedley D, Haider S, Ballester B, Holland R, London D, Thorisson G, Kasprzyk A (2009) BioMart--biological queries made easy. BMC Genomics 10:22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-10-22
Spooner W, Youens-Clark K, Staines D, Ware D (2012) GrameneMart: the BioMart data portal for the Gramene project. Database 2012:bar056. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bar056
Goodstein DM, Shu S, Howson R, Neupane R, Hayes RD, Fazo J, Mitros T, Dirks W, Hellsten U, Putnam N, Rokhsar DS (2012) Phytozome: a comparative platform for green plant genomics. Nucleic Acids Res 40:D1178. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr944
Ogata H, Goto S, Sato K, Fujibuchi W, Bono H, Kanehisa M (1999) KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 27:29. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/27.1.29
Kanehisa M (2016) Kegg bioinformatics resource for plant genomics and metabolomics. Methods Mol Biol 1374:55–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3167-5_3
Yu G, Wang L-G, Han Y, He Q-Y (2012) clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. OMICS 16:284–287. https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2011.0118
Luo W, Brouwer C (2013) Pathview: an R/Bioconductor package for pathway-based data integration and visualization. Bioinformatics 29:1830–1831. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt285
Thimm O, Bläsing O, Gibon Y, Nagel A, Meyer S, Krüger P, Selbig J, Müller LA, Rhee SY, Stitt M (2004) MAPMAN: a user-driven tool to display genomics data sets onto diagrams of metabolic pathways and other biological processes. Plant J 37:914–939
Naithani S, Preece J, D'Eustachio P, Gupta P, Amarasinghe V, Dharmawardhana PD, Wu G, Fabregat A, Elser JL, Weiser J, Keays M, Fuentes AMP, Petryszak R, Stein LD, Ware D, Jaiswal P (2017) Plant Reactome: a resource for plant pathways and comparative analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 45:D1029–D1039. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw932
Guo Y, Zhao S, Bjoring M, Han L (2015) Advanced datamining using RNAseq data. Big Data Analytics in Bioinformatics and Healthcare. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6611-5.ch001
Dash S, Van Hemert J, Hong L, Wise RP, Dickerson JA (2012) PLEXdb: gene expression resources for plants and plant pathogens. Nucleic Acids Res 40:D1194. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr938
Edgar R (2002) Gene expression omnibus: NCBI gene expression and hybridization array data repository. Nucleic Acids Res 30:207–210. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/30.1.207
Kapushesky M, Emam I, Holloway E, Kurnosov P, Zorin A, Malone J, Rustici G, Williams E, Parkinson H, Brazma A (2009) Gene expression atlas at the European bioinformatics institute. Nucleic Acids Res 38:D690–D698. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkp936
Nakano M (2006) Plant MPSS databases: signature-based transcriptional resources for analyses of mRNA and small RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 34:D731–D735. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkj077
Leinonen R, Sugawara H, Shumway M (2011) The sequence read archive. Nucleic Acids Res 39:D19. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq1019
Parkinson H, Sarkans U, Shojatalab M, Abeygunawardena N, Contrino S, Coulson R, Farne A, Lara GG, Holloway E, Kapushesky M, Lilja P, Mukherjee G, Oezcimen a RT, Rocca-Serra P, Sharma A, Sansone S, Brazma A (2005) ArrayExpress--a public repository for microarray gene expression data at the EBI. Nucleic Acids Res 33:D553–D555. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki056
Li L, Ji G, Ye C, Shu C, Zhang J, Liang C (2015) PlantOrDB: a genome-wide ortholog database for land plants and green algae. BMC Plant Biol 15:161. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-015-0531-4
Yu J, Ke T, Tehrim S, Sun F, Liao B, Hua W (2015) PTGBase: an integrated database to study tandem duplicated genes in plants. Database 2015:bav017. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bav017
Yao Q, Ge H, Wu S, Zhang N, Chen W, Xu C, Gao J, Thelen JJ, Xu D (2013) P3DB 3.0: From plant phosphorylation sites to protein networks. Nucleic Acids Res 42:D1206–D1213. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1135
Consiglio A, Grillo G, Licciulli F, Ceci LR, Liuni S, Losito N, Volpicella M, Gallerani R, De Leo F (2011) PlantPIs – an interactive web resource on plant protease inhibitors. Curr Protein Pept Sci 12:448–454. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920311796391052
Brown JWS, Echeverria M, Qu LH, Lowe TM, Bachellerie JP, Hüttenhofer A, Kastenmayer JP, Green PJ, Shaw P, Marshall DF (2003) Plant snoRNA database. Nucleic Acids Res 31:432. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg009
Jin J, Tian F, Yang DC, Meng YQ, Kong L, Luo J, Gao G (2017) PlantTFDB 4.0: Toward a central hub for transcription factors and regulatory interactions in plants. Nucleic Acids Res 45:D1040–D1045. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw982
Shahmuradov IA, Gammerman AJ, Hancock JM, Bramley PM, Solovyev VV (2003) PlantProm: a database of plant promoter sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 31:114. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg041
Shahmuradov I, Abdulazimova A, Khan FZ, Solovyev V, Mustafayev N, Akbarova Y, Qamar R, Aliyev J (2012) The PlantProm DB: recent updates. Proceedings - 2012 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, iCBEB 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/iCBEB.2012.433
Zonneveld BJM, Leitch IJ, Bennett MD (2005) First nuclear DNA amounts in more than 300 angiosperms. Ann Bot 96:229–244
Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge funding from the US National Science Foundation, grants IOS-1127155, and IOS-1733470 to RD.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Burks, D., Azad, R., Wen, J., Dickstein, R. (2018). The Medicago truncatula Genome: Genomic Data Availability. In: Cañas, L., Beltrán, J. (eds) Functional Genomics in Medicago truncatula. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1822. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8633-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8633-0_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8632-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8633-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols