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Arbeitsbedingte Infektionen bei Mitarbeitern des Gesundheitswesens: Gastroenterologische Erkrankungen

Occupationally acquired infections among health care workers: Gastroenterological diseases

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Zusammenfassung

Einführung

Mitarbeiter im Gesundheitswesen haben in einigen Bereichen aufgrund ihrer Tätigkeit ein erhöhtes Infektionsrisiko gegenüber fäkal-oral übertragbaren Erkrankungen. Zahlreiche nosokomiale Infektionsausbrüche sind seit vielen Jahren im internationalen Umfeld beschrieben worden.

Methoden und Ergebnisse

Selektive Literaturaufarbeitung der Autoren zu potenziell fäkal-oral übertragbaren Erregern, wie Hepatitis A und E, Rotaviren, Noroviren, Adenoviren, Salmonellen, Shigellen, Campylobacter und Helicobacter pylori. Die Literaturrecherche zeigt, dass sowohl durch persönliche Schutzmaßnahmen (z.B. Händehygiene, Tragen von Mundschutz) als auch durch Impfungen (sofern verfügbar) sowie der adäquaten Verwendung geeigneter Desinfektionsmittel die Infektionsgefährdung reduziert werden kann.

Diskussion

Aufgrund des mitunter engen Patientenkontaktes ergeben sich vielfältige Möglichkeiten einer Infektionsübertragung sowohl von Patient zu Patient als auch von Patient zu Beschäftigten und vice versa. Das Risiko arbeitsbedingter Infektionen kann durch adäquate Schutzmaßnahmen verringert werden. Dies dient auch dem Schutz der betreuten Patienten vor der Übertragung nosokomialer Infektionen durch potenziell infektiöse Mitarbeiter.

En

Abstract

Introduction

In some medical departments, healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk for oral-fecal transmitted infectious diseases. Since many years numerous nosocomial transmissions were published in the international literature.

Methods and Results

Selective literature review of occupationally acquired oral-fecal infections like hepatitis A and hepatitis E, rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter and helicobacter pylori. Currently available data demonstrate that personal protective measures (e.g. appropriate use of hand washing and oronasal mask), as well as vaccinations (if available) and the use of suitable disinfectants reduces the risk for transmission of infectious diseases.

Discussion

Due to the close contact with patients HCWs are at occupational risk for a vast array of infections. Transmission could occur from patients to patients, from patients to HCWs and vice versa. The risk of occupationally acquired infections can be minimized by the usage of suitable precautions, this will ensure maximum protection for HCWs and patients and reduces the risk of transmission of nosocomial infections from infected HCWs to patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Betriebsärztlicher Dienst, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

    Sabine Wicker

  2. Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

    Sabine Wicker,  Holger F. Rabenau &  René Gottschalk

  3. Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Zentrum für Human- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Freie Universität & Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Ostpreussendamm 111, 12207, Berlin, Deutschland

    David A. Groneberg

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  1. Sabine Wicker
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  2. Holger F. Rabenau
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  3. David A. Groneberg
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  4. René Gottschalk
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Correspondence to Sabine Wicker.

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Wicker, S., Rabenau, H.F., Groneberg, D.A. et al. Arbeitsbedingte Infektionen bei Mitarbeitern des Gesundheitswesens: Gastroenterologische Erkrankungen. Zbl Arbeitsmed 59, 204–214 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03346127

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