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Persistent Organic Pollutant and Hormone Levels in Harbor Porpoise with B Cell Lymphoma

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Abstract

B-cell lymphoma, a common morphologic variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, has been associated with persistent pollutants in humans, but this association is not well-characterized in top-level predators sharing marine resources with humans. We characterized and compared blubber contaminants and hormones of a pregnant harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) with B-cell lymphoma, with those in two presumed healthy fishery by-caught porpoises with no lymphoma: a pregnant adult and female juvenile. Common historic use compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and pesticides, were evaluated in blubber samples from three porpoises. In addition, blubber cortisol and progesterone levels (ng/g) were determined in all three animals. Total pollutant concentrations were highest in the juvenile porpoise, followed by the lymphoma porpoise and the nonlymphoma adult. Blubber cortisol concentrations were 191% greater in the pregnant with lymphoma porpoise compared with the pregnant no lymphoma porpoise, and 89% greater in the juvenile female compared with the pregnant no lymphoma porpoise. Although both adults were pregnant, progesterone levels were substantially greater (90%) in the healthy compared with the lymphoma adult. Health monitoring of top-level marine predators, such as porpoise, provides a sentinel measure of contaminants that serve as indicators of potential environmental exposure to humans.

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Acknowledgements

Essential funding for collection of these samples was provided through grants from the John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program. The marine mammal stranding network members of Washington State helped procure porpoise tissues. Aleta Hohn (NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort, NC) and Jennifer Olson (The Whale Museum, Friday Harbor, WA) provided age information for the lymphoma-positive case.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Baylor Sciences Building, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Avenue, B407, Waco, TX, 76798, USA

    Stephanie A. Norman, Sascha Usenko & Nadine Lysiak

  2. Department of Biology, One Bear Place, #97388, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA

    Stephanie A. Norman, Nadine Lysiak, Rebel Sanders & Stephen J. Trumble

  3. Central Puget Sound Marine Mammal Stranding Network, c/o Orca Network, 485 Labella Way, Freeland, WA, 98249, USA

    Stephanie A. Norman, Barry H. Rickman, Matthew Klope, Susan Berta, Sandra Dubpernell, Howard Garrett & Mary Jo Adams

  4. Marine-Med: Marine Research, Epidemiology, and Veterinary Medicine, 24225 15th Place SE, Bothell, WA, 98021, USA

    Stephanie A. Norman

  5. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place, #97348, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA

    Zach C. Winfield & Adelaide E. Clark

  6. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Private Mail Bag 3, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia

    Barry H. Rickman

  7. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Investigations, 7801 Phillips Rd. S.W., Lakewood, WA, 98498, USA

    Dyanna Lambourn

  8. Cascadia Research Collective, 218 1/2 4th Ave W, Olympia, WA, 98501, USA

    Jessica L. Huggins

  9. Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA

    Nadine Lysiak

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  1. Stephanie A. Norman
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  2. Zach C. Winfield
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Correspondence to Stephanie A. Norman.

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Norman, S.A., Winfield, Z.C., Rickman, B.H. et al. Persistent Organic Pollutant and Hormone Levels in Harbor Porpoise with B Cell Lymphoma. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 72, 596–605 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-017-0404-y

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