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Oxidation and reduction of sulfite contribute to susceptibility and detoxification of SO2 in Populus × canescens leaves

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Key Message

The critical level for SO 2 susceptibility of Populus × canescens is approximately 1.2 μL L −1 SO 2 . Both sulfite oxidation and sulfite reduction and assimilation contribute to SO 2 detoxification.

Abstract

In the present study, uptake, susceptibility and metabolism of SO2 were analyzed in the deciduous tree species poplar (Populus × canescens). A particular focus was on the significance of sulfite oxidase (SO) for sulfite detoxification, as SO has been characterized as a safety valve for SO2 detoxification in herbaceous plants. For this purpose, poplar plants were exposed to different levels of SO2 (0.65, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 μL L−1) and were characterized by visible injuries and at the physiological level. Gas exchange parameters (stomatal conductance for water vapor, CO2 assimilation, SO2 uptake) of the shoots were compared with metabolite levels (sulfate, thiols) and enzyme activities [SO, adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase (APR)] in expanding leaves (80–90 % expanded). The critical dosage of SO2 that confers injury to the leaves was 1.2 μL L−1 SO2. The observed increase in sulfur containing compounds (sulfate and thiols) in the expanding leaves strongly correlated with total SO2 uptake of the plant shoot, whereas SO2 uptake rate was strongly correlated with stomatal conductance for water vapor. Furthermore, exposure to high concentration of SO2 revealed channeling of sulfite through assimilatory sulfate reduction that contributes in addition to SO-mediated sulfite oxidation to sulfite detoxification in expanding leaves of this woody plant species.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge to Marion Kay, Jessica Skerra, Susanne Mult and Michael Rienks for excellent technical help. This work was supported by a Grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to HR under contract no. Re515/32 and RH under contract no. HA3107/4.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fakultät für Umwelt und Natürliche Ressourcen (UNR), Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, 79085, Freiburg, Germany

    Dörte Randewig, Monika Eiblmeier, Jürgen Kreuzwieser, Cornelia Herschbach & Heinz Rennenberg

  2. Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany

    Domenica Hamisch, Christian Boedecker, Ralf R. Mendel & Robert Hänsch

  3. King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Heinz Rennenberg

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  1. Dörte Randewig
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  2. Domenica Hamisch
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Correspondence to Cornelia Herschbach.

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Communicated by W. Bilger.

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468_2013_958_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Fig. S1. Example of the continuously measured gas exchange parameters of one enclosure including four plants of wild type poplar during one SO2 fumigation experiment. Rectangles mark data of CO2 assimilation rate and respiration rate (red; n=4) used for statistical analyses. The hourly recorded SO2 uptake rate over the fumigation period including light and dark periods is used to calculate total SO2 uptake (µmol g-1 FW 66 h-1) (blue; n=55) (JPEG 1076 kb)

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Randewig, D., Hamisch, D., Eiblmeier, M. et al. Oxidation and reduction of sulfite contribute to susceptibility and detoxification of SO2 in Populus × canescens leaves. Trees 28, 399–411 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-013-0958-x

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