Abstract
An all-quartz oscillating-disk viscometer of very high precision was used to determine the temperature dependence of the viscosities of carbon monoxide and nitrogen at low densities. The measurements were based on a single calibration at room temperature with a value theoretically calculated on the basis of an accurate ab initio pair potential for helium and the kinetic theory of dilute monatomic gases. The uncertainty of the experimental data is conservatively estimated to be ±0.15% at room temperature increasing to ±0.20% at the highest temperature of 682 K. The new data are compared with values recommended by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the framework of its Standard Reference Data Program REFPROP as well as with experimental data from the literature. Whereas the REFPROP values for nitrogen can be considered as reference values, the new experimental data for carbon monoxide are up to 2% higher than the REFPROP values and should be taken into consideration for a new correlation. The temperature dependence of the viscosities calculated theoretically using ab initio intermolecular potential energy hypersurfaces for carbon monoxide and nitrogen and the kinetic theory of dilute molecular gases should be used for extrapolating the viscosity correlations of both gases to low and high temperatures. In addition, the viscosity ratio of carbon monoxide to nitrogen is investigated with the purpose to establish an improved correlation for carbon monoxide.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lemmon E.W., Huber M.L., McLinden M.O.: NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties. REFPROP, version 9.0. Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (2010)
Boushehri A., Bzowski J., Kestin J., Mason E.A.: J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 16, 445 (1987)
Millat J., Wakeham W.A.: J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 18, 565 (1989)
Lemmon E.W., Jacobsen R.T.: Int. J. Thermophys. 25, 21 (2004)
R. Hellmann. Private communication concerning CO (2011)
R. Hellmann. Private communication concerning N2 (2011)
Curtiss C.F.: J. Chem. Phys. 75, 1341 (1981)
Vogel E.: Int. J. Thermophys. 31, 447 (2010)
Vogel E.: Wiss. Z. Univ. Rostock Math. Nat. Reihe 23(2), 169 (1972)
Whitelaw J.H.: J. Sci. Instrum. 41, 215 (1964)
Newell G.F.: Z. Angew Math. Phys. 10, 160 (1959)
Vogel E., Jäger B., Hellmann R., Bich E.: Mol. Phys. 108, 3335 (2010)
Jäger B., Hellmann R., Bich E., Vogel E.: Mol. Phys. 107, 2181 (2009)
Jäger B., Hellmann R., Bich E., Vogel E.: Mol. Phys. 108, 105 (2010)
Vogel E.: J. Chem. Eng. Data 56, 3265 (2011)
Bich E., Hellmann R., Vogel E.: Mol. Phys. 105, 3035 (2007)
Hellmann R., Bich E., Vogel E.: Mol. Phys. 105, 3013 (2007)
Kestin J., Ro S.T., Wakeham W.A.: J. Chem. Phys. 56, 4119 (1972)
May E.F., Berg R.F., Moldover M.R.: Int. J. Thermophys. 28, 1085 (2007)
Vogel E., Bastubbe E., Rohde S.: Wiss. Z. W. Pieck Univ. Rostock Naturwiss. Reihe 33(8), 34 (1984)
Vogel E.: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 88, 997 (1984)
Friend D.G., Rainwater J.C.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 107, 590 (1984)
Rainwater J.C., Friend D.G.: Phys. Rev. A 36, 4062 (1987)
Bich E., Vogel E.: Int. J. Thermophys. 12, 27 (1991)
Bich E., Vogel E.: Transport Properties of Fluids, chap. 5.2, pp. 72–82. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1996)
Vogel E., Küchenmeister C., Bich E., Laesecke A.: J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 27, 947 (1998)
Wobser R., Müller F.: Kolloid-Beihefte 52, 165 (1941)
Johnston H.L., Grilly E.R.: J. Phys. Chem. 46, 948 (1942)
Barua A.K., Afzal M., Flynn G.P., Ross J.: J. Chem. Phys. 41, 374 (1964)
Kestin J., Ro S.T., Wakeham W.A.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 67, 2308 (1971)
Clifford A.A., Gray P., Scott A.C.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 71, 875 (1975)
Kestin J., Ro S.T., Wakeham W.A.: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 86, 753 (1982)
DiPippo R., Kestin J., Whitelaw J.H.: Physica 32, 2064 (1966)
Vogel E., Strehlow T., Millat J., Wakeham W.A.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 270, 1145 (1989)
Seibt D., Vogel E., Bich E., Buttig D., Hassel E.: J. Chem. Eng. Data 51, 526 (2006)
Seibt D., Herrmann S., Vogel E., Bich E., Hassel E.: J. Chem. Eng. Data 54, 2626 (2009)
Johnston H.L., McCloskey K.E.: J. Phys. Chem. 44, 1038 (1940)
Kao J.T.F., Kobayashi R.: J. Chem. Phys. 47, 2836 (1967)
Clarke A.G., Smith E.B.: J. Chem. Phys. 48, 3988 (1968)
Clarke A.G., Smith E.B.: J. Chem. Phys. 51, 4156 (1969)
Gracki J.A., Flynn G.P., Ross J.: J. Chem. Phys. 51, 3856 (1969)
Guevara F.A., McInteer B.B., Wageman W.E.: Phys. Fluids 12, 2493 (1969)
Dawe R.A., Smith E.B.: J. Chem. Phys. 52, 693 (1970)
Kestin J., Ro S.T., Wakeham W.A.: J. Chem. Phys. 56, 4036 (1972)
Kestin J., Ro S.T., Wakeham W.A.: J. Chem. Phys. 56, 5837 (1972)
Hellemans J.M., Kestin J., Ro S.T.: J. Chem. Phys. 57, 4038 (1972)
Hellemans J.M., Kestin J., Ro S.T.: Physica 65, 362 (1973)
Maitland G.C., Smith E.B.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 70, 1191 (1974)
Timrot D.L., Serednitskaya M.A., Traktueva S.A.: Teploenergetika 22(3), 84 (1975)
Gough D.W., Matthews G.P., Smith E.B.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 72, 645 (1976)
Kestin J., Khalifa H.E., Ro S.T., Wakeham W.A.: Physica A 88, 242 (1977)
Lavushchev A.V., Lyusternik V.E.: Teplofiz. Vys. Temp. 16, 209 (1978)
Matthews G.P., Schofield H., Smith E.B., Tindell A.R.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 78, 2529 (1982)
Lukin V.I., Ivakin B.A., Suetin P.E.: Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 53, 931 (1983)
A. Docter, H.W. Lösch, W. Wagner, Entwicklung und Aufbau einer Anlage zur simultanen Messung der Viskosität und der Dichte fluider Stoffe. No. 494 in Fortschr.-Ber. VDI, Reihe 3 (VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1997)
Evers C., Lösch H.W., Wagner W.: Int. J. Thermophys. 23, 1411 (2002)
Kestin J., Paykoc E., Sengers J.V.: Physica 54, 1 (1971)
Flynn G.P., Hanks R.V., Lemaire N.A., Ross J.: J. Chem. Phys. 38, 154 (1963)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vogel, E. Towards Reference Viscosities of Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen at Low Density Using Measurements between 290K and 680K as well as Theoretically Calculated Viscosities. Int J Thermophys 33, 741–757 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-012-1185-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-012-1185-1