Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Single hot thermocouple technique for the characterization of the crystallization behavior of transparent or translucent liquids

  • Abbaschian Festschrift
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Both time–temperature-transformation (TTT) and continuous-cooling-transformation (CCT) diagrams have been established to characterize the crystallization behavior of slags in a selected temperature range. Therefore, the single hot thermocouple technique based on already existing equipment was constructed showing also some different approaches. Furthermore, the procedure was enhanced using a stretching device enabling the formation of very thin slag layers. This device permits the investigation of not only transparent but also translucent liquids with low amounts of coloring oxides, e.g. Fe2O3. For the initiation of this method, a transparent synthetic NCAS-slag showing a high crystallization tendency was used to proper adjust the control parameters. Afterward, two industrial mould slags for the continuous casting of steel were investigated and TTT- as well as CCT-diagrams created. The TTT-diagrams for both mould slags show only one nose but the shapes of crystals formed differ dependent on temperature. This is contributed to the ratio of the growth to nucleation rate which is raised at higher temperatures where dendritic crystals are formed. For the case of continuous-cooling experiments observing only the formation of dendritic crystals precipitating at temperatures close to the liquidus temperatures the same explanation is assumed. Contrary, this ratio is decreased for rather low temperatures where only fine separate crystals precipitate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Watanabe K, Murakami K, Kondo H, Miyamoto A, Shiomi T (1997) NKK Tech Rev 77:20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Singh D, Bhardwaj P, Yang YD, McLean A, Hasegawa M, Iwase M (2009) In: Proceedings of the VIII international conference on molten slags, fluxes and salts, p 1073

  3. Valdez M, Prapakorn K, Cramb AW, Sridhar S (2001) Steel Res 72:291

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sridhar S, Mills KC, Afrange ODC, Lörz HP, Carli R (2000) Ironmak Steelmak 27:238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gronebaum RH, Pischke J (2007) Stahl Eisen 127:51

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kromhout JA, Liebske C, Melzer S, Kamperman AA, Boom R (2008) In: Proceedings of the 6th European conference on continuous casting

  7. Kromhout JA, van der Plas DW (2002) Ironmak Steelmak 29:303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kashiwaya Y, Cicutti CE, Cramb AW, Ishii I (1998) ISIJ Int 38:348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kashiwaya Y, Cicutti CE, Cramb AW (1998) In: 81st Steelmaking conference proceedings, p 185

  10. Orrling C, Tilliander A, Kashiwaya Y, Cramb AW (1999) In; 82nd Steelmaking conference proceedings, p 417

  11. Orrling C, Cramb AW, Tilliander A, Kashiwaya Y (2000) Ironmak Steelmak 27:53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cramb AW (2010) Quantifying the thermal behaviour of slags. http://www.osti.gov/bridge/purl.cover.jsp;jsessionid=3D07E0497A02C0F760333369CAF701F4?purl=/840954-t2Utds/native/. (status: May 2010)

  13. Kashiwaya Y, Nakauchi T, Pham KS, Akiyama S, Ishii K (2007) ISIJ Int 47:44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lachmann S, Scheller P (2008) In: Proceedings of the 6th European conference on continuous casting

  15. Ziegler JG, Nichols NB (1942) Trans ASME 64:759

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hayashi M, Matsuo K, Nagata K, Nakda H (2009) In: VIII International conference on molten slags, fluxes and salts, p 1091

Download references

Acknowledgements

The research program of the competence center “Advanced Metallurgical and Environmental Process Development” (K1-MET) is supported within the Austrian program for competence centers COMET (Competence Center for Excellent Technologies) with funds of the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology, the Federal Ministry of Economy, the Province of Upper Austria and Styria, the Styrian Business Promotion Agency, of the Tyrol and the Tyrolian Future Foundation. We gratefully acknowledge this support. Further, we thank A. W. Cramb for generously providing his know-how regarding the experimental setup.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Leoben, Peter-Tunner-Straße 5, 8700, Leoben, Austria

    N. Kölbl, I. Marschall & H. Harmuth

Authors
  1. N. Kölbl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. Marschall
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H. Harmuth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. Kölbl.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kölbl, N., Marschall, I. & Harmuth, H. Single hot thermocouple technique for the characterization of the crystallization behavior of transparent or translucent liquids. J Mater Sci 46, 6248–6254 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5552-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5552-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation