Abstract
Allopolyploidization is considered an essential evolutionary process in plants that could trigger genomic shock in allopolyploid genome through activation of transcription of retrotransposons, which may be important in plant evolution. Two retrotransposon-based markers, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism and a microsatellite-based marker, inter simple sequence repeat were employed to investigate genomic changes in early generations of a newly synthesized allotetraploid Cucumis × hytivus Chen & Kirkbride (2n = 4x = 38) which was derived from crossing between cultivated cucumber C. sativus L. (2n = 2x = 14) and its wild relative C. hystrix Chakr. (2n = 2x = 24). Extensive genomic changes were observed, most of which involved the loss of parental DNA fragments and gain of novel fragments in the allotetraploid. Among the 28 fragments examined, 24 were lost while four were novel, suggesting that DNA sequence elimination is a relatively frequent event during polyploidization in Cucumis. Interestingly, of the 24 lost fragments, 18 were of C. hystrix origin, four were C. sativus-specific, and the remaining two were shared by both species, implying that fragment loss may be correlated with haploid DNA content (genome size) of diploid parents. Most changes were observed in the first generation after polyploidization (S1) and stably inherited in the subsequent three generations (S2–S4), indicating that genomic changes might be a rapid driving force for the stabilization of allotetraploids. Sequence analysis of 11 of the 28 altered DNA fragments showed that genomic changes in the allotetraploid occurred in both coding and non-coding regions, which might suggest that retrotransposons inserted into genome randomly and had a genome-wide effect on the allotetraploid evolution. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed a unique distribution of retrotransposon and/or microsatellite flanking sequences in mitotic and meiotic chromosomes, where the preferential FISH signals occurred in the centromeric and telomeric regions, implying that these regions were the possible hotspots for genomic changes.
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Acknowledgments
This research was partially supported by the Key Program (30830079) and the General Program (31071801, 30972007) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2009CB119000); the ‘863’ Programs (2008AA10Z150); the National Supporting Programs (2008BADB105) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China; Ph. D. Funding (20070307034, 20090097110024) from the Ministry of Education of China; the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution.
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Jiang, B., Lou, Q., Wu, Z. et al. Retrotransposon- and microsatellite sequence-associated genomic changes in early generations of a newly synthesized allotetraploid Cucumis × hytivus Chen & Kirkbride. Plant Mol Biol 77, 225–233 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-011-9804-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-011-9804-y