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Assays for Prostate Cancer

Changing the Screening Paradigm?

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Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) screening and detection have changed dramatically since the introduction of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Despite the resulting improvement in early PCa detection and stage migration, in clinical practice the use of PSA testing may cause overdetection and ultimately overtreatment. As a consequence, novel biomarkers are needed to increase the specificity of PCa detection. The aim of this article is to present an overview of novel blood- and urine-based biomarkers that may optimize PCa detection, with improved identification of patients with significant PCa and avoidance of unnecessary prostate biopsies. A systematic and comprehensive PubMed search was performed using the MeSH search terms ‘prostate cancer’, ‘biomarker’, ‘marker’, and ‘detection’. Results were restricted to the English language. Several blood- and urine-based biomarkers have the potential to improve prediction of the presence and/or significance of PCa. Ideally, biomarkers should be used in combination within multivariate models, leading to superior accuracy for prediction of any PCa or clinically significant PCa, compared with the use of a single marker.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany

    Jens Hansen, Michael Rink & Felix K.-H. Chun

  2. Department of Urology and Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Michael Rink & Shahrokh Shariat

  3. Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Markus Graefen

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  1. Jens Hansen
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Correspondence to Felix K.-H. Chun.

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Hansen, J., Rink, M., Graefen, M. et al. Assays for Prostate Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 17, 1–8 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-013-0014-y

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