B&G Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport 2019; 35(02): 66-78
DOI: 10.1055/a-0860-1576
Wissenschaft
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Hochintensives Intervalltraining in der Sporttherapie von übergewichtigen und adipösen Jugendlichen – ein Überblicksartikel

High-Intensity Interval Training in the sports therapy of overweight and obese adolescents: A review
Florian A. Engel
1   Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Arbeitsgruppe Bewegung und Training, Universität Heidelberg
,
Jannik Oestreich
1   Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Arbeitsgruppe Bewegung und Training, Universität Heidelberg
,
Lars Donath
2   Institut für Trainingswissenschaft und Sportinformatik, Abteilung Trainingswissenschaftliche Interventionsforschung, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln
,
Philipp Kunz
3   Integrative & Experimentelle Trainingswissenschaft, Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Würzburg
,
Billy Sperlich
3   Integrative & Experimentelle Trainingswissenschaft, Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Würzburg
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Eingegangen: 29 November 2018

Angenommen durch Review: 15 February 2019

Publication Date:
09 April 2019 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Hochintensives Intervalltraining (HIIT) wurde als zeiteffiziente Alternative zum traditionellen niedrigintensiven Ausdauertraining in der Bewegungstherapie von chronischen Erkrankungen identifiziert.

Ziel Analyse der Effekte von Trainingsinterventionen mit HIIT auf für Übergewicht relevante Parameter bei Jugendlichen.

Methoden Eine computerbasierte Literaturrecherche in der elektronischen Datenbank PubMed wurde 2017 durchgeführt. Kontrolliert-randomisierte „peer-reviewed“ Originalarbeiten, welche die Auswirkungen von HIIT Trainingsintervention auf die für Übergewicht relevanten Parameter (z. B. Körpergewicht, Körperzusammensetzung, kardiometabolische Risikofaktoren) bei übergewichtigen und adipösen Jugendlichen (11–18 Jahre) analysierten, wurden berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse 12 Studien (567 Teilnehmer / innen, Alter: 14,8 ± 1,3 Jahre) wurden analysiert. Die Mehrzahl der Studien erzielte mittels HIIT eine signifikante und praktisch relevante Reduzierung von Körpermasse, Körperfettgehalt, Body Mass Index, eine Verbesserung der kardiorespiratorischen Fitness sowie eine Reduktion von spezifischen Risikofaktoren wie Homeostasis model assessement für Insulinresistenz (HOMA-IR), Cholesterin oder Blutdruck. Der Vergleich der durchschnittlichen zeitlichen Dauer einer Trainingseinheit ergibt eine unwesentlich kürzere Dauer von HIIT (35,7 ± 5,1 min) gegenüber den Trainingseinheiten in den Kontrollgruppen (37,5 ± 8,1 min).

Schlussfolgerungen Das Review macht deutlich, dass übergewichtige Jugendliche durch Trainingsinterventionen mit HIIT die Risikofaktoren für kardiovaskuläre und metabolische Erkrankungen signifikant reduzieren können. Die Integration von HIIT in die sportbasierte Behandlung von übergewichtigen Jugendlichen scheint eine effektive Methode zu sein, um gesundheitswirksame Anpassungen zu erzielen.

Summary

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has recently been explored as a time-efficient alternative to traditional moderate-intensity continuous endurance training (MIT) in the treatment of chronic diseases. The analysis of randomized-controlled studies examines the effects of HIIT interventions on indicators of obesity (e. g. body weight, body composition, cardio-metabolic risk factors) and aerobic capacity, in overweight and obese adolescents (11–18 years). The study reveals that HIIT significantly decreases body mass, body composition or body mass index, increases cardiorespiratory fitness and reduces specific risk factors like homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cholesterol or blood pressure.

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Ng M. et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet 2014; 384 (9945): 766-81
  • 2 Robert Koch-Institut. Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter in Deutschland – Querschnittergebnisse aus KiGGS Welle 2 und Trends
  • 3 World Health Organization. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010
  • 4 Tremblay MS. et al. Physical activity of children: a global matrix of grades comparing 15 countries. J Phys Act Health 2014; 11 Suppl 1 : S113-25
  • 5 McManus AM, Mellecker RR. Physical activity and obese children. Journal of Sport and Health Science 2012; 1 (03) : 141-8
  • 6 Zabinski MF. et al. Overweight Children’s Barriers to and Support for Physical Activity. Obesity Research 2003; 11 (02) : 238-46
  • 7 Norman Å. et al. Stuck in a vicious circle of stress. Parental concerns and barriers to changing children’s dietary and physical activity habits. Appetite 2015; 87: 137-42
  • 8 Laursen PB, Jenkins DG. The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training: Optimising training programmes and maximising performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Sports Med 2002; 32 (01) : 53-73
  • 9 Laursen PB, Jenkins DG. The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training: Optimising training programmes and maximising performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Sports Med 2002; 32 (01) : 53-73
  • 10 Buchheit M, Laursen PB. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. Part II: Anaerobic energy, neuromuscular load and practical applications. Sports Med 2013; 43 (10) : 927-54
  • 11 Milanović Z, Sporiš G, Weston M. Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIT) and Continuous Endurance Training for VO2 max Improvements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials. Sports Med 2015; 45 (10) : 1469-81
  • 12 Eddolls WTB. et al. High-Intensity Interval Training Interventions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2017; 47 (11) : 2363-74
  • 13 Costigan SA. et al. High-intensity interval training for improving health-related fitness in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49 (19) : 1253-61
  • 14 Corte de Araujo AC et al. Similar health benefits of endurance and high-intensity interval training in obese children. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7 (08) : e42747
  • 15 Lazzer S. et al. Effects of high-intensity interval training on physical capacities and substrate oxidation rate in obese adolescents. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40 (02) : 217-26
  • 16 Hay J. et al. Physical activity intensity and type 2 diabetes risk in overweight youth: a randomized trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40 (04) : 607-14
  • 17 Sperlich B. et al. Effects of 5 weeks of high-intensity interval training vs. volume training in 14-year-old soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25 (05) : 1271-8
  • 18 Meckel Y. et al. Effects of a very short-term preseason training procedure on the fitness of soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2014; 54 (04) : 432-40
  • 19 Wahl P. et al. Passive recovery is superior to active recovery during a high-intensity shock microcycle. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27 (05) : 1384-93
  • 20 Racil G. et al. Plyometric exercise combined with high-intensity interval training improves metabolic abnormalities in young obese females more so than interval training alone. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41 (01) : 103-9
  • 21 Racil G. et al. Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic variables, blood leptin concentration and ratings of perceived exertion in obese adolescent females. Biol Sport 2016; 33 (02) : 145-52
  • 22 Murphy A. et al. The feasibility of high-intensity interval exercise in obese adolescents. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2015; 54 (01) : 87-90
  • 23 Racil G. et al. Effects of high vs. moderate exercise intensity during interval training on lipids and adiponectin levels in obese young females. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113 (10) : 2531-40
  • 24 Prado WL. et al. Effect of a 12-Week Low vs. High Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training on Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Exercise Intervention Study. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2015; 27 (04) : 510-7
  • 25 Farah BQ. et al. Does exercise intensity affect blood pressure and heart rate in obese adolescents? A 6-month multidisciplinary randomized intervention study. Pediatr Obes 2014; 9 (02) : 111-20
  • 26 Silva HJ. et al. Improvements on Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Exercise Intervention Study. J Phys Act Health 2015; 12 (04) : 553-60
  • 27 Tjønna AE. et al. Aerobic interval training reduces cardiovascular risk factors more than a multitreatment approach in overweight adolescents. Clin Sci 2009; 116 (04) : 317-26
  • 28 Dias KA. et al. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Fitness, Fat Mass and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Children with Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Sports Med 2018; 48 (03) : 733-46
  • 29 Pizzi J. et al. Reduction in Butyrylcholinesterase Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Adolescents after 12-Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training. Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline 2017; 20 (03) : 110-21
  • 30 Engel FA. et al. High-Intensity Interval Training Performed by Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9: 1012
  • 31 Keating SE. et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on body adiposity. Obes Rev 2017; 18 (08) : 943-64
  • 32 Weston KS, Wisløff U, Coombes JS. High-intensity interval training in patients with lifestyle-induced cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48 (16) : 1227-34
  • 33 Batacan RB. et al. Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51 (06) : 494-503
  • 34 Bacon AP. et al. VO2 max trainability and high intensity interval training in humans: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2013; 8 (09) : e73182
  • 35 Kaminsky LA. et al. The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in the United States: the need for a national registry: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013; 127 (05) : 652-62
  • 36 Nottin S. et al. Central and peripheral cardiovascular adaptations to exercise in endurance-trained children. Acta Physiol Scand 2002; 175 (02) : 85-92
  • 37 Little JP. et al. An acute bout of high-intensity interval training increases the nuclear abundance of PGC-1α and activates mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 300 (06) : R1303-10
  • 38 Tjønna AE. et al. Aerobic interval training versus continuous moderate exercise as a treatment for the metabolic syndrome: a pilot study. Circulation 2008; 118 (04) : 346-54
  • 39 Wisløff U. et al. Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: a randomized study. Circulation 2007; 115 (24) : 3086-94
  • 40 García-Hermoso A. et al. Is high-intensity interval training more effective on improving cardiometabolic risk and aerobic capacity than other forms of exercise in overweight and obese youth? A meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2016; 17 (06) : 531-40
  • 41 Hardcastle SJ. et al. Why sprint interval training is inappropriate for a largely sedentary population. Front Psychol 2014; 5: 1505
  • 42 Decker ES, Ekkekakis P. More efficient, perhaps, but at what price? Pleasure and enjoyment responses to high-intensity interval exercise in low-active women with obesity. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 2017; 28: 1-10
  • 43 Bailey RC. et al. The level and tempo of children’s physical activities: An observational study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27 (07) : 1033-41
  • 44 Birat A. et al. Metabolic and Fatigue Profiles Are Comparable Between Prepubertal Children and Well-Trained Adult Endurance Athletes. Front Physiol 2018; 9: 387
  • 45 Falk B, Dotan R. Child-adult differences in the recovery from high-intensity exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2006; 34 (03) : 107-12
  • 46 Malik AA. et al. Acute cardiorespiratory, perceptual and enjoyment responses to high-intensity interval exercise in adolescents. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17 (10) : 1335-42
  • 47 Kappenstein J, Ferrauti A. Intervallsprinttraining verbessert die aerobe Ausdauer im Grundschulalter. Dtsch Z Sportmed 2015; 2015; (05) : 128-33
  • 48 Engel FA. et al. Hochintensives Intervalltraining im Sportunterricht. Ger J Exerc Sport Res 2018; 48 (01) : 120-8
  • 49 Cockcroft EJ. et al. High intensity interval exercise is an effective alternative to moderate intensity exercise for improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in adolescent boys. J Sci Med Sport 2015; 18 (06) : 720-4
  • 50 Sperlich B. et al. High-intensity interval training improves VO(2peak), maximal lactate accumulation, time trial and competition performance in 9-11-year-old swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 110 (05) : 1029-36
  • 51 Stöggl T, Sperlich B. Polarized training has greater impact on key endurance variables than threshold, high intensity, or high volume training. Front Physiol 2014; 5: 33