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2015, vol. 12, br. 1, str. 139-156
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Sistem visokog obrazovanja u Republici Srbiji kao podrška održivom razvoju - izazovi evropskih integracija
Higher educational system of the Republic of Serbia in support of sustainable development: Challenges of the EU integration
Sažetak
Tema rada je sistem visokog obrazovanja u Republici Srbiji, u kontekstu promena obrazovnih paradigmi i održivog razvoja nacionalne ekonomije zasnovane na znanju i inovacijama. predmet istraživanja je visoko obrazovanje, kao esencijalna komponenta održivog razvoja i opredeljenja da postane sastavni deo evropskog visokoobrazovnog prostora. Cilj rada je da se sagleda trenutno stanje u ovoj oblasti i dometi nove Strategije visokog obrazovanja do 2020. godine, u uslovima ekspanzije visokog obrazovanja na globalnom nivou. u procesu evropskih integracija, nastala je izražena suprotstavljenost kratkoročnih ekonomskih interesa i razvojne misije obrazovanja, pa je glavni izazov sa kojim se suočava obrazovni sistem u Srbiji, kako izgraditi savremeni model obrazovanja koji će doprinositi razvoju pojedinca i održivom razvoju društva u celini. Takođe, velike neujednačenosti nivoa razvijenosti regiona u Srbiji, visoka nezaposlenost, depopulacioni trendovi, upućuju na zaključak da se razvoj nacionalne ekonomije mora zasnivati na podizanju stvaralačkih i proizvodnih kvaliteta ljudskih resursa tokom čitavog njihovog života. u prošlosti je bilo dvadesetak reformi obrazovnog sistema u Srbiji, ali uvek parcijalno, bez dobrog uvida o implikacijama tih reformi. Zato, pored ključne hipoteze od koje se u radu polazi, da visoko obrazovanje ima krucijalnu ulogu u suočavanju sa mnogim socio-ekonomskim, demografskim, ekološkim i tehnološkim izazovima, značajna je i posebna hipoteza da dosadašnje reforme sistema visokog obrazovanja, pored pozitivnih promena, nisu doprinele generisanju inovativnosti, u cilju podrške održivom razvoju, transferu znanja za prevazilaženje kritičnih problema i savladavanju izazova budućnosti. S obzirom na predmet, cilj i postavljene hipoteze, u radu je primenjena kvalitativna metodologija, bazirana na proučavanju i deskriptivnoj analizi definisanog problema, uz primenu uobičajenog naučnoistraživačkog instrumentarijuma. Analiza relevantne literature, publikacija međunarodnih organizacija, zvaničnih statističkih izvora i empirijskih istraživanja, ukazala je na potrebu unapređenja kvaliteta obrazovnog procesa i korišćenja ishoda učenja, odnosno, neophodnost suštinskih promena visokoobrazovnog sistema, u cilju izgradnje novog modela visokog obrazovanja u Srbiji, u procesu evropskih integracija. Rad se, nakon uvoda, sastoji iz sledećih delova: Ekspanzija znanja i internacionalizacija visokog obrazovanja; Razvoj sistema visokog obrazovanja u Republici Srbiji; Konkurentnost u visokom obrazovanju Srbije; Internacionalizacija i saradnja u oblasti visokog obrazovanja; Neophodnost implementacije novog modela visokog obrazovanja, i Zaključna razmatranja.
Abstract
The paper examines the system of higher education in the Republic of Serbia in the context of educational paradigms and the development of the innovation and knowledge-based national economy. The subject of the research is higher education in Serbia in a life-long learning perspective as an essential component in achieving smart growth, capable enough to become a competent part of the European Higher Education Area. The aim of this paper is to examine the current situation in this area and the achievements of the new Strategy for Development of Education in Serbia by 2020 in the context of the expansion of higher education on the global level, as well as to emphasize the responsibility towards future generations for development of a more modern system of education based on the creativity of all participants in the learning process. In conclusion, the paper points out that the developmental orientation of educational system in the Republic of Serbia is building a new model of higher education.
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