Skip to main content
Log in

Health Care Workers and Pertussis: An Underestimated Issue

Mitarbeiter im Gesundheitswesen und Pertussis: Ein unterschätztes Problem

  • ORIGINALARBEIT
  • Published:
Medizinische Klinik Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose:

Communicable and vaccine-preventable airway infections are a major public and occupational health issue. The epidemiology of pertussis has changed, with unprotected adults being the main source of infections. Thus, the prevention of a transmission from health care workers (HCWs) to patients is an important strategy to control this communicable infection. The Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) at the Robert Koch-Institute in Germany has explicitly recommended that HCWs ought to be vaccinated against pertussis. However, vaccination rates among HCWs remain low. This study was meant to evaluate the attitudes of HCWs towards the pertussis vaccination and to determine the correlation between the influenza and pertussis vaccination status of HCWs.

Methods:

An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to HCWs at a German university hospital.

Results:

Overall, we found a disturbingly low level of awareness concerning official recommendations as to immunizations (35.6%) and the personal risk assessment of acquiring a work-related pertussis infection (23.2%). In general, both aspects were frequently associated with a refusal to get immunized. A strong correlation between the immunization status of pertussis and influenza was found among physicians: overall, 93.1% of physicians who were vaccinated against pertussis were also vaccinated against influenza. Nurses showed significantly weaker correlation rates as well as lower vaccination rates (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

Misconceptions about pertussis and low vaccination rates were prevalent among HCWs, particularly nurses. Hospital-based pertussis vaccination campaigns should focus on the risk of nosocomial pertussis transmission and on the new recommendations for pertussis immunization among adults and HCWs.

Zusammenfassung

Zielsetzung:

Impfpräventable respiratorische Erkrankungen sind sowohl für die öffentliche Gesundheit als auch die Arbeitsmedizin von besonderer Bedeutung. Die Epidemiologie von Pertussis hat sich verändert, mittlerweile sind nicht-immune Erwachsene am häufigsten betroffen. Aus diesem Grund ist die Vermeidung von Infektionsübertragungen durch Mitarbeiter des Gesundheitswesens auf Patienten eine wichtige Strategie, um diese ansteckende Erkrankung einzudämmen. Die Ständige Impfkommission (STIKO) am Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) nennt medizinisches Personal explizit als eine Risikogruppe, die gegen Pertussis geimpft werden sollte. Ungeachtet dessen ist die Akzeptanz der Pertussisimpfung bei medizinischem Personal gering. Unsere Studie beschreibt die Einstellungen der Mitarbeiter des Gesundheitswesens bezüglich der Pertussisimpfung und korreliert den Influenzaimpfstatus des medizinischen Personals mit dem Pertussisimpfstatus.

Methode:

Anonyme Fragebogenerhebung bei medizinischem Personal einer deutschen Universitätsklinik.

Ergebnisse:

Offizielle Impfempfehlungen werden nur unzureichend wahrgenommen. Lediglich 35,6% der Befragten kannten die Impfempfehlung für Pertussis, nur 23,2% sahen ein arbeitsbedingtes Infektionsrisiko. Oftmals waren diese beiden Aspekte mit einer Impfablehnung verknüpft. Bei Ärzten fand sich eine starke Korrelation zwischen dem Impfstatus von Pertussis und Influenza: Insgesamt 93,1% der Ärzte, die gegen Pertussis geimpft waren, waren ebenso gegen Influenza geimpft. Pflegepersonal zeigte sowohl geringere Korrelationsraten als auch niedrigere Impfraten (p < 0,05).

Schlussfolgerungen:

Das Wissen über Pertussis und der Impfstatus des medizinischen Personals (insbesondere beim Pflegepersonal) sind unzureichend und erfordern krankenhausinterne Impfkampagnen. Das Risiko von nosokomialen Pertussisinfektionen sowie die neuen Impfempfehlungen für Pertussis sollten hierbei im Mittelpunkt stehen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Goins WP, Schaffner W, Edwards KM, Talbot TR. Healthcare workers? knowledge and attitudes about pertussis and pertussis vaccination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007; 28:1284–1289.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Top KA, Halperin BA, Baxendale D, MacKinnon-Cameron D, Halperin SA. Pertussis immunization in paediatric healthcare workers: Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour. Vaccine 2010;28:2169–2173.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Wicker S, Zielen S, Rose MA. Attitudes of healthcare workers toward pertussis vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccine 2008;7:1325–1328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Baugh V, McCarthy N. Outbreak of Bordetella pertussis among oncology nurse specialists. Occup Med 2010;60:401–405. Epub ahead of print.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Crameri S, Heininger U. Successful control of a pertussis outbreak in a university children’s hospital. Int J Infect Dis 2008;12:e85–e87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Poland GA, Jacobson RM, Boyce T. Health care worker pertussis immunization requirements and patient safety. Am J Infect Control 2008;36:390–391.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Sandora TJ, Gidengil CA, Lee GN. Pertussis vaccination for health care workers. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008;21:426–434.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Wiese-Posselt W, Hellenbrand W. Changes to the varicella and pertussis immunisation schedule in Germany 2009: Background, rationale and implementation. Euro Surveill 2010;15:pii=19548.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Faruque MO, Senanayake S, McR Meyer AD, Dear KB. Emergency department staff and susceptibility to pertussis: A seroprevalence study. Emerg Med Austalas 2008;20:45–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Littmann M, Hül & Be C, Riffelmann M, Wising von König CH. Long-term immunogenicity of a single dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in paediatric health-care workers. Vaccine 2008;26:2344–2349.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Greer AL, Fisman DN. Keeping vulnerable children safe from pertussis: preventing nosocomial pertussis transmission in the neonatal intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009;11:1084–1089.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. RKI (Robert Koch Institut). Empfehlungen der Ständigen Impfkommission (STIKO) [Recommendations of the Standing Committee on Vaccination] Epidemiologisches Bulletin 30/2009 — available at: www.rki.de.

  13. Calugar A, Ortega-Sánchez I, Tiwari T, Oakes L, Jahre JA, Murphy TV. Nosocomial pertussis: costs of an outbreak and benefits of vaccinating health care workers. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:981–988.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lurie P. Nothing to cough at. N Engl J Med 2008;358:857.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Baggett HC, Duchin JS, Shelton W, Zerr DM, Heath J, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Tiwari T. Two nosocomial pertussis outbreaks and their associated costs — King County, Washington, 2004. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 28:537–543.

  16. Poland GA, Tosh P, Jacobson RM. Requiring influenza vaccination for health care workers: seven truths we must accept. Vaccine 2005;23:2251–2255.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Talbot TR. Improving rates of influenza vaccination among healthcare workers: educate; motivate; mandate? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008;29:107–110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Wicker S, Rabenau HF. The reluctance of nurses to get vaccinated against influenza. Vaccine 2010;28:4548–4549.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Calderon M, Feja KN, Ford P, Frenkel LD, Gram A, Spector D, Tolan RW Jr. Implementation of a pertussis immunization program in a teaching hospital: an argument for federally-mandated pertussis vaccination of healthcare workers. Am J Infect Control 2008;36:392–398.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Loulergue P, Moulin F, Vidal-Trecan G, Absi Z, Demontpion C, Menager C, Gorodetsky M, Gendrel D, Guillevin L, Launay O. Knowledge, attitudes and vaccination coverage of healthcare workers regarding occupational vaccinations. Vaccine 2009;27:4240–4243.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sabine Wicker.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wicker, S., Rose, M.A. Health Care Workers and Pertussis: An Underestimated Issue. Med Klin 105, 882–886 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-010-1153-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-010-1153-0

Key Words:

Schlüsselwörter:

Navigation