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Konditionierung der Atemluft in der Nase

Nasal-air conditioning

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Zusammenfassung

Ziel

Übersicht über die Atemluftkonditionierung in der Nase zur Gewährleistung des Gasaustausches sowie über den Forschungsbedarf der Abwehr- und Reinigungsmechanismen an der respiratorischen Schleimhaut der Nase.

Methoden

Die Übersichtsarbeit wurde auf der Basis einer selektiven Literaturübersicht der Autoren erstellt. Einbezogen wurden In-vivo-Messungen und Computersimulationen der oberen Luftwege sowie eigene klinische Daten.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Gesunde Menschen atmen normalerweise durch die Nase, auch wenn die Nasenwege einen signifikant höheren Atemwegswiderstand aufweisen als die Mundhöhle, die z. B. bei sportlicher Tätigkeit, Verlegungen der Nase oder allergischer Rhinitis unwillkürlich zur Atmung geöffnet wird. Die Hauptaufgaben der Atmung durch die Nase, neben der Riechwahrnehmung, sind die Filtration und Abwehr von eingeatmeten Luftpartikeln und die Konditionierung (Erwärmung und Befeuchtung) der Einatemluft auf intrapulmonale Bedingungen. Der derzeitige Kenntnisstand der nasalen Konditionsprozesse wird erläutert. Des Weiteren werden Forschungsgebiete mit besonderer Bedeutung für Diagnostik und Interventionen bei entsprechenden Pathologien des oberen Luftwegs vorgestellt.

Abstract

Introduction

We present a review of nasal-air conditioning, a process essential to undisturbed gas exchange and cleansing of the respiratory mucosa in the nose.

Methods

A selective literature review was made on the basis of in vivo measurements and computer simulation of the upper airways as well as the authors’ own clinical and experimental data.

Results and discussion

Healthy subjects normally breathe through the nose, although the nasal airways have significantly higher airway resistance compared to the oral cavity, which is opened for breathing during exercise, in the case of nasal airway blockage, or in allergic rhinitis. In addition to olfaction, the main tasks of nasal breathing include: cleansing, defense, and conditioning (i.e., humidification and heating). The current knowledge of nasal conditioning processes will be discussed. In addition, research activities of particular relevance for diagnosis and intervention in various pathologies of the upper airways will be presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf-, Hals- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Krankenhaus der Elisabethinen GmbH, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Medizinischen Universität Graz, Elisabethinergasse 14, 8020, Graz, Österreich

    T. Keck, A. Rozsasi & P.M. Gruen

  2. Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland

    T. Keck

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  1. T. Keck
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  2. A. Rozsasi
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  3. P.M. Gruen
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Correspondence to T. Keck.

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Keck, T., Rozsasi, A. & Gruen, P. Konditionierung der Atemluft in der Nase. HNO 59, 38–44 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-010-2219-2

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