Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simultaneous determination of benzotriazole and benzothiazole derivatives in aqueous matrices by mixed-mode solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

  • Technical Note
  • Published:
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An improved selectivity method for the simultaneous determination of four benzotriazoles (benzotriazole, 4-methylbenzotriazole, 5-methylbenzotriazole, and 5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole) and six benzothiazoles (benzothiazole, 2-hydroxybenzothiazole, 2-benzothiazolamine, mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-methylbenzothiazole, and 2-methylthiobenzothiazole) in aqueous matrices has been developed. Under optimal conditions, analytes are concentrated using a MAX solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, based on divinylbenzene-N-vinylpyrrolidone functionalized with quaternary amine groups, which allows reversed-phase interactions in combination with ionic exchange. Selected compounds are recovered with methanol–acetone 7:3 (v/v) whereas acidic interferences remained attached to the sorbent, and as determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), LOQs for surface, urban and industrial wastewater are in the range of 0.002–0.29 ng/mL. Figures of merit of the method revealed good precision (RSD% <12%), linearity (R 2 > 0.99) and accuracy (%R = 80–100%) for surface waters and effluents allowing direct external standard quantification. For more complex samples, such as urban and industrial raw wastewater, either the standard addition method or pseudo-external standard calibration using matrix matched standards are recommended. Analysis of different real samples, surface, urban wastewater and, for the first time, metal industry wastewater, reflected concentrations up to 310 ng/mL. The methylbenzotriazole isomers ratio was also determined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Richardson SD (2007) Anal Chem 79:4295–4324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Richardson SD (2010) Anal Chem 82:4742–4774

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Weiss S, Reemtsma T (2005) Anal Chem 77:7415–7420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Giger W, Schaffner C, Kohler HE (2006) Environ Sci Technol 40:7186–7192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kloepfer A, Jekel M, Reemtsma T (2004) J Chromatogr A 1058:81–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Matamoros V, Jover E, Bayona JM (2010) Anal Chem 82:699–706

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Loos R, Gawlik BM, Locoro G, Rimaviciute E, Contini S, Bidoglio G (2009) Environ Pollut 157:561–568

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ni H, Lu F, Luo X, Tian H, Zeng EY (2008) Environ Sci Technol 42:1892–1897

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Céspedes R, Lacorte S, Ginebreda A, Barceló D (2006) Anal Bioanal Chem 385:992–1000

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Matamoros V, Jover E, Bayona JM (2010) Water Sci Technol 61(1):191–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nödler K, Licha T, Bester K, Sauter M (2010) J Chromatogr A 1217:6511–6521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Loos R, Locoro G, Comero S, Contini S, Schwesig D, Werres F, Balsaa P, Gans O, Weiss S, Blaha L, Bolchi M, Gawlik BM (2010) Water Res 44:4115–4126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Reemtsma T, Weiss S, Mueller J, Petrovic M, González S, Barceló D, Ventura F, Knepper TP (2006) Environ Sci Technol 40:5451–5458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Weiss S, Jakobs J, Reemtsma T (2006) Environ Sci Technol 40:7193–7199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Corsi SE, Geis SW, Loyo-Rosales JE, Rice CP, Sheesley RJ, Failey GG, Cancilla DA (2006) Environ Sci Technol 40:3195–3202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Rigol A, Latorre A, Lacorte S, Barceló D (2002) J Chromatogr A 963:265–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Reemtsma T (2000) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 14:1612–1618

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Geerdink RB, Kooistra-Sijpersma A, Tiesnitsch J, Kienhuis PGM, Brinkman UATh (1999) J Chromatogr A 863:147–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Wick A, Fink G, Ternes TA (2010) J Chromatogr A 1217:2088–2103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. van Leerdam JA, Hogenboom AC, van der Kooi MME, de Voogt P (2009) Int J Mass Spec 282:99–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hogenboom AC, van Leerdam JA, de Voogt P (2009) J Chromatogr A 1216:510–519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kloepfer A, Quintana JB, Reemtsma T (2005) J Chromatogr A 1067:153–160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Jover E, Matamoros V, Bayona JM (2009) J Chromatogr A 1216:4013–4019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Matamoros V, Jover E, Bayona JM (2010) Anal Chem 82:699–706

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fries E (2011) Anal Chim Acta 689:65–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lai SS, Yeung HS, Lee WO, Ho C, Wong YT (2011) J Sep Sci 34:1366–1374

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Carpinteiro I, Ramil M, Rodríguez I, Cela R (2010) J Chromatogr A 1217:7484–7492

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. García-López M, Rodríguez I, Cela R (2010) J Chromatogr A 1217:1476–1484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kloepfer A, Jekel M, Reemtsma T (2005) Environ Sci Technol 39:3792

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Loos R, Locoro G, Contini S (2010) Water Res 30:1–2

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study has been supported by Spanish Government, Ministry of Education and Science (project CTQ2009-08377), Xunta de Galicia (project PGIDIT08MDS008CT) and FEDER funds. I. Carpinteiro and M. Ramil thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and Xunta de Galicia for their FPU and I. Parga Pondal contracts, respectively.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigación e Análisis Alimentarias (IIAA). Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición e Bromatoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    I. Carpinteiro, B. Abuin, M. Ramil, I. Rodríguez & R. Cela

Authors
  1. I. Carpinteiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. Abuin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Ramil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. I. Rodríguez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. R. Cela
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Ramil.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(PDF 20.1 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Carpinteiro, I., Abuin, B., Ramil, M. et al. Simultaneous determination of benzotriazole and benzothiazole derivatives in aqueous matrices by mixed-mode solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 402, 2471–2478 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5718-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5718-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation