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Correction factor for the analysis of the hip fracture incidence—differences between age, sex, region, and calendar year

Korrekturfaktor zur Analyse der Hüftfrakturinzidenz – Unterschiede zwischen Alter, Geschlecht, Region und Kalenderjahr

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Summary

Several studies evaluated hip fracture incidences and its predictors and trends using hospital discharge registries. However, this source does not provide patient-related data, therefore the hospital changes or re-hospitalisations cannot be identified as “double counting”. If double counting differs with age, sex, region, and time, the estimates may be biased. Aim of our study was to evaluate the magnitude of multiple counting and, in particular, its variation with age, sex, region, and calendar year. We used data of a German-wide health insurance (1.6 million members). Between 1998 and 2009, we assessed all hip fractures (ICD 9: 820, ICD 10: S.72.0–2) in individuals aged 50 years or older and calculated the probability to be a patient’s “first” fracture in each calendar year. Using multiple logistic regressions, we estimated the influence of age, sex, region, and calendar year. The probabilities of a “first fracture” per patient and year varied between 86.7 % (95 % confidence interval 83.9–89.2 %, year 2003) and 93.9 % (90.9–96.2 %, year 1998). Age (odds ratio per 5 years 0.89; 95 % CI 0.86–0.92), region (East vs. West Germany: 0.65; 0.52–0.81), and calendar year (per year 0.97; 0.95–0.99) were significantly associated in the multiple regression. The probability to have multiple counting of hip fracture events varied significantly with age, region, and calendar year. It should be discussed that analyses which do not account for this may provide invalid estimates and conclusions when differences between age groups and regions or trends are analyzed.

Zusammenfassung

Einige Studien zur Schätzung der Hüftfrakturinzidenz, ihrer Prädiktoren und Trends basieren auf Analysen der Krankenhausdiagnosestatistik. Diese Datenquelle liefert jedoch keine patientenbezogenen Daten, so dass zum Beispiel Verlegungen oder Wiederaufnahmen nicht als Doppelregistrierungen identifiziert werden können. Unterscheiden sich Doppelregistrierungen nach Alter, Geschlecht, Region und Zeit, kann das zu Verzerrungen der Schätzung führen. Ziel unserer Studie war es, das Ausmaß von Mehrfachregistrierungen und insbesondere die Unterschiede nach Alter, Geschlecht, Region und Kalenderjahr abzuschätzen. Wir nutzten Daten einer bundesweiten gesetzlichen Krankenkasse (1,6 Millionen Mitglieder). Für die Jahre 1998–2009 werteten wir alle Hüftfrakturen (ICD 9: 820, ICD 10: S.72,0–2) von Patienten über 50 Jahre und älter aus und schätzten die Zahl der „ersten Hüftfrakturen“ in jedem Kalenderjahr. Unter Nutzung multipler logistischer Regressionen schätzten wir den Einfluss von Alter, Geschlecht, Region und Kalenderjahr. Die Wahrscheinlichkeiten einer „ersten Fraktur“ pro Patient und Jahr variierten zwischen 86,7 % (95 % Konfidenzintervall 83,9–89,2 %, Jahr 2003) und 93,9 % (90,9–96,2, Jahr 1998). Alter (odds ratio pro 5 Jahren 0,89; 95 % CI 0,86–0,92), Region (Ost- vs. Westdeutschland: 0,65; 0,52–0,81) und Kalenderjahr (pro Jahr 0,97; 0,95–0,99) waren in der multiplen Regression signifikant assoziiert. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, Hüftfrakturen mehrfach zu registrieren, variierte signifikant mit Alter, Region und Kalenderjahr. Es ist zu diskutieren, dass Analysen, die dies nicht berücksichtigen, falsche Schätzungen und Schlussfolgerungen hinsichtlich der analysierten Unterschiede zwischen Altersgruppen und Regionen oder Trends liefern.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Olaf Schoffer from the Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden (Research Data Center, Kamen and Dresden). We further thank the Gmünder ErsatzKasse (GEK) for providing the data and for supporting us in data management. The study was supported by a grant from the North-Rhine Westphalian Ministry of Health and Social Services.

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Icks, A., Haastert, B., Glaeske, G. et al. Correction factor for the analysis of the hip fracture incidence—differences between age, sex, region, and calendar year. Wien Klin Wochenschr 124, 391–394 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-012-0188-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-012-0188-z

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