Abstract
Orange wheat blossom midge damage can impart serious loss of quantity and quality of winter wheat. Wheat midges were evaluated in large scale field in winter wheat in Bad Lausick (Leipzig, Saxsony) central Germany. The present study aimed at studying the activity of wheat blossom midges WBM, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) and Contarinia tritici (Kirby) using pheromone, sticky traps and two types of water traps. Management of midges with different treatments was studied; Karate (pyrethroid), Biscaya (neonicotinoid) and NeemAzal T/S (botanical insecticide) were sprayed on wheat at heading stage (GS 55). Monitoring was conducted before the treatment and continued for 4 weeks after the treatment. Pheromone traps were used for forecasting midge adult population and determine the control date. Water traps were used to assess midge larvae, while midge adults were surveyed using sticky traps.
A strong correlation between midge catches and weather conditions was obtained; as well a coincidence between pheromone catches and wheat midge infestation in the susceptible growth stages (GS 47–65) was recorded. Insecticide applications to fields of midge-infested winter wheat significantly reduced the wheat midge damage. There were significant differences in wheat midge numbers between treated and untreated; wheat midge numbers were lower in the treated than in control. The results proved that both Karate and Biscaya caused more mortality to wheat midges than NeemAzal T/S.
Zusammenfassung
Weizengallmücken sind ökonomisch bedeutsame Schädlinge im Winterweizen und können in Abhängigkeit vom Befallsbeginn in der Weizenähre verschiedene Schadsymptome (z. B. Kümmerkörner) verursachen. Zur Etablierung einer Bekämpfungsstrategie wurde im Jahre 2012 in der Leipziger Tieflandsbucht ein Insektizidversuch auf einem Praxisschlag durchgeführt. Die Zielstellung des sogenannten „On–Farm-Experiment“ war es, eine Bewertung direkt im Produktionsfeld vorzunehmen und Hinweise zur Entscheidungsunterstützung der Landwirte zu formulieren. Der methodische Ansatz berücksichtigte den Einsatz von Pheromonfallen, Gelbtafeln und Wasserschalen zur Überwachung der Flugaktivität der Mücken und zur Erfassung des Abwanderungsverhaltens der Larven. Die Bekämpfungsstrategie orientierte sich am derzeitigen Wissensstand und terminierte einen Spritztermin zum Ährenschieben. Es wurden zugelassene Insektizide hinsichtlich ihrer Effektivität gegenüber Weizengallmücken in einem Zeitfenster von fünf Wochen getestet. Die Ergebnisse 2012 zeigen eine gute Korrelation zwischen Mückenaktivität und den Wetterbedingungen. Die Pheromonfallenfänge signalisieren unter den Feldbedingungen eine enge Koinzidenz zwischen dem Flughöhepunkt und dem kritischen Pflanzenstadium (BBCH 55–65). Der Bekämpfungstermin war somit optimal auf die Schädlingsaktivität abgestimmt. Die Feldstudie belegt signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Varianten. Die höchsten Wirkungsgrade erzielte der Einsatz von Karate Zeon, gefolgt von Biscaya und NeemAzal T/S. Die Datenanalyse des Experiments zeigt ein hohes Schadpotential von Weizengallmücken auf dem Kontrollschlag und unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit diese versteckt lebenden Ährenschädlinge exakt zu überwachen.
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Acknowledgements
Our deep thanks are due to Trifoloio for providing us NeemAzal T/S. We are also greatly indebted to Prof. M. Saleh for his helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported financially by DFG in Martin Luther University in Halle, Germany.
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El-Wakeil, N., Abdel-Moniem, A., Gaafar, N. et al. Effectiveness of Some Insecticides on Wheat Blossom Midges in Winter Wheat. Gesunde Pflanzen 65, 7–13 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-012-0289-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-012-0289-7