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(Hoch-)intensives Intervalltraining mit Kindern und Jugendlichen im Nachwuchsleistungssport

High-intensity interval training for young athletes

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Zusammenfassung

Um die Effektivität von (Hoch-)inten­sivem Intervalltraining (HIIT) im Nachwuchsleistungssport und bei untrainierten gesunden Kindern und Jugendlichen in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur einzuschätzen, wurde eine computerbasierte Literaturrecherche in den elektronischen Datenbanken PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus und Web of Science durchgeführt. Studien, welche die Auswirkungen von HIIT-Interventionen auf die Leistungsfähigkeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen (9–18 Jahre) anhand von Analysen der motorischen oder leistungsphysiologischen Kenngrößen der Probanden, vor und nach der Trainingsintervention, analysierten, wurden berücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine Verbesserung aerober und anaerober Leistungsparameter bei einer Anwendung von zwei bis drei Einheiten HIIT pro Woche über einen Zeitraum von fünf bis zehn Wochen, zusätzlich zum normalen Training. Langzeitstudien zu HIIT, welche auf langfristige Trainingseffekte hinweisen, fehlen. Darüber hinaus wurde aufgrund von physiologischen Besonderheiten während HIIT-Protokollen eine verbesserte Ermüdungsresistenz bei Kindern im Vergleich zu Erwachsenen belegt, was als gute Voraussetzung für die Anwendbarkeit von HIIT bei Kindern interpretiert werden kann.

Summary

A computer-based literature research during July 2013 using the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science was performed to assess the effect of the high intensity interval training (HIIT) on sport performance in healthy children and adolescents. Studies examining the effect of HIIT on aerobic and anaerobic performance pre and post to HIIT-Interventions in children and adolescents (9–18 years) were included. The results indicate increased aerobic and anaerobic performance following two or three HIIT sessions per week for a period of five to ten weeks, additional to normal training. Results regarding long term effects following HIIT have not been documented so far. In addition, due to the physiological characteris-tics during HIIT protocols improved fatigue resistance has been demonstrated in children as compared to adults, which may be interpreted as a prerequisite for the applicability of HIIT in children.

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  1. Forschungszentrum für den Schulsport und den Sport von Kindern und Jugendlichen, Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

    Florian Azad Engel Dipl Spo Sci

  2. Lehrstuhl für Sportwissenschaft, Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Julius -Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082, Würzburg, Deutschland

    Billy Sperlich

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  1. Florian Azad Engel Dipl Spo Sci
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Engel, F., Sperlich, B. (Hoch-)intensives Intervalltraining mit Kindern und Jugendlichen im Nachwuchsleistungssport. Wien Med Wochenschr 164, 228–238 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-014-0277-x

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