Abstract
Organic farming largely depends on animal manure as a source of phosphorus (P) and the recycling of animal manure globally is becoming increasingly important. In a pot experiment, using radioactive P labeling techniques, we studied ryegrass uptake of P applied with animal manure and water soluble mineral fertilizer to soils that had been cropped for 22 years according to organic or conventional farming practices. The soils differed in P status and microbial activity. Labeling soil-available P also allowed assessing the uptake from residual P that remained in the soils because of their different fertilization histories. On each soil, recovery of fresh manure P in four harvests of ryegrass shoots was lower than recovery of mineral P. It ranged from 24% to 35% for manure P and from 37% to 43% for mineral P. Recovery of fresh manure P was affected by soil-available P contents. It was lower at a higher available P in a conventional soil. Different levels in microbial activity among soils were of lesser importance for the recovery of fresh manure P in plants. The recovery of residual P ranged from 9% to 15%. Residual P contained in organic cropped soils contributed less to P nutrition of ryegrass than the residual P contained in conventional cropped soils, probably due to their lower residual P contents being composed of stable P forms. The indirect isotope dilution technique is useful in assessing manure P uptake by plants, but attention must be given to added P interactions, i.e., the potential impact of organic amendments on P uptake from non-labeled soil and residual P.
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Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge L. Gunst (ART) for providing data records on the field experiment. We warmly thank T. Flura and T. Rösch (ETH Zurich) for assistance in the analytical work and Catherine Palmer (ETH Zurich) for checking the English. We gratefully acknowledge Simone Nanzer (ETH Zurich) and two anonymous reviewers for her helpful comments on our script.
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Oberson, A., Tagmann, H.U., Langmeier, M. et al. Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization histories. Plant Soil 334, 391–407 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6