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Root growth of different oak provenances in two soils under drought stress and air warming conditions

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Abstract

Background and aims

Oaks are considered to be drought- and thermo-tolerant tree species. Nevertheless, species and provenances may differ in their ecological requirements. We hypothesised that (i) provenances from xeric sites are better adapted to drought than those from more humid sites, (ii) oaks direct root growth towards resource-rich layers, and (iii) air-warming promotes root growth.

Methods

To test different provenances of Quercus robur, Q. petraea and Q. pubescens, we conducted a model ecosystem experiment with young trees, grown on acidic and calcareous soil, subjected to drought, air warming, the combination of warming and drought, and a control.

Results

The results were only in partial agreement with the first hypothesis. As expected the provenances originating from drier sites produced more biomass than those from more humid sites under drought conditions. Surprisingly, however, they reacted more sensitive to water limiting conditions, as they produced also substantially more biomass under well-watered conditions. The drought treatment reduced root mass substantially in the upper soil. In agreement with the second hypothesis this led to a shift in the centre of root mass to lower depth, where water was still more available than closer to the soil surface. In contrast to the third hypothesis, the air-warming treatment, which was very mild however compared to climate change scenarios, had no significant effects on root growth.

Conclusions

Given that the provenances from drier sites showed more biomass loss at water limiting conditions than provenances from more humid sites, it remains questionable whether provenances from drier sites are better suited for a future climate.

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Acknowledgements

Our particular acknowledgement is for the valuable advice and expertise of Matthias Dobbertin (†). We will keep him in our memories, both as an excellent scientist and as an irreplaceable friend. Furthermore, we thank Peter Bleuler, Martin Keller, Patrick Schleppi, Terry Menard, the internship students, the research unit Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, the research group Phytopathology and the garden team of WSL for their help in performing the experiment. We also acknowledge Corina Del Fabbro, the Seminar for Statistics of ETHZ and the Central Laboratory of WSL for their support in sample and data analysis.

For funding we are gratefully indebted to the Velux foundation (project number: 489).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    Thomas M. Kuster, Matthias Arend & Madeleine S. Günthardt-Goerg

  2. Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    Thomas M. Kuster & Rainer Schulin

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  1. Thomas M. Kuster
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  2. Matthias Arend
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  3. Madeleine S. Günthardt-Goerg
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  4. Rainer Schulin
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Correspondence to Thomas M. Kuster.

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Kuster, T.M., Arend, M., Günthardt-Goerg, M.S. et al. Root growth of different oak provenances in two soils under drought stress and air warming conditions. Plant Soil 369, 61–71 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1541-8

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