Abstract
In the present paper, the influence of load and sliding speed on super-low friction of Nitinol 60 alloy was investigated experimentally using Nitinol 60 alloy pin sliding over GCr15 steel disk under castor oil lubrication. Super-low coefficient of friction (COF) of Nitinol 60 alloy was achieved at the stable state, corresponding to so-called superlubricity regime in the presence of castor oil. The experimental results indicate that sliding speed employed in the friction tests plays great roles in the lubrication behaviors of Nitinol 60 alloy. When the friction tests are executed from low sliding speed to high sliding speed, COF decreases at the initial stage and on the contrary, COF increases at the stable stage. However, with the increase in load, COF firstly increases and then decreases at the initial stage. COF is unstable but still super low and remains almost the same value at the stable stage. These phenomena are explained and discussed in viewpoint of the characteristics of castor oil during the friction tests. It is found that the influence of sliding speed on the lubrication behaviors of Nitinol 60 alloy under castor oil lubrication is more obvious than that of load due to the characteristics structure of castor oil, therefore maintaining appropriate level of sliding speed to achieve super-low friction of Nitinol 60 alloy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Civjan, S., Huget, E., Desimon, L.: Potential applications of certain nickel–titanium. J. Dent. Res. 54, 89–96 (1975)
Khamei, A., Dehghani, K.: A study on the mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of Ni60wt%–Ti40wt% (Nitinol 60) intermetallic compound during hot deformation. Mater. Chem. Phys. 123, 269–277 (2010)
Pepper, S., DellaCorte, C.: Lubrication of Nitinol 60. NASA/TM 215331, 1–8 (2010)
Bansal, D., Eryilmaz, O., Blau, P.: Surface engineering to improve the durability and lubricity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Wear 271, 2006–2015 (2011)
DellaCorte, C., Pepper, S., Noebe, R., Hull, D.: Intermetallic nickel titanium alloys for oil lubricated-bearing applications. NASA/TM 215646, 1–19 (2009)
Pepper, S., Della Corte, C.: Lubrication of Nitinol 60. NASA/TM 215646, 1–8 (2010)
Pepper, S., Della Corte, C., Noebe, R., Hull, D., Glennon, G.: Nitinol 60 as a material for spacecraft triboelements. Proceedings of ‘13th European Space Mechanisms and Tribology Symposium-ESMATS’, Vienna, pp. 1–4 (2009)
Zeng, Q., Zhao, X., Dong, G., Wu, H.: Study on lubrication properties of Nitinol 60 alloy used as high-speed rolling bearing and numerical simulation of flow pattern of oil–air lubrication. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 22, 2431–2438 (2012)
Zeng, Q., Dong, G.: Superlubricity behaviors of Nitinol 60 alloy under oil lubrication. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China (2013). Accepted
Molinari, A., Straffelini, G., Tesi, B., Bacci, T., Pradelli, G.: Effect of load and sliding speed on the tribological behavior of Ti-6Al-4V plasma nitrided at different temperatures. Wear 203–204, 447–454 (1997)
Dowson, D., McNie, M.C., Goldsmith, A.A.: Direct experimental evidence of lubrication in a metal–metal total hip replacement tested in a joint simulator. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 214, 75–86 (2000)
Dowson, D., Higginson, G.R.: Elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication: the fundamentals of roller and gear lubrication, pp. 224–230. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1966)
Morina, A., Green, A.A., Neville, A., Priest, M.: Surface and tribological characteristics of tribofilms formed in the boundary lubrication regime with application to internal combustion engines. Trib. Lett. 15, 443–452 (2003)
Singh, A.: Castor oil-based lubricant reduces smoke emission in two-stroke engines. Ind. Crops Prod. 33, 287–295 (2011)
Mutlu, H., Meier, M.A.: Castor oil as a renewable resource for the chemical industry. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 112, 10–30 (2010)
Ossia, C.V., Han, H.G., Kong, H.: Additive properties of saturated very long chain fatty acids in castor and jojoba oils. J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 22, 1527–1536 (2008)
Matta, C., Pottuz, L., De Barros Bouchet, M., Martin, J., Kano, M., Zhang, Q., Goddard, W.: Superlubricity and tribochemistry of polyhydric alcohols. Phys. Rev. B 78, 085436-1-8 (2008)
Li, J., Zhang, C., Ma, L., Liu, Y., Luo, J.: Superlubricitity achieved with mixtures of acids and glycerol. Langmuir 29, 271–275 (2013)
Berman, P., Nizri, S., Wiesman, Z.: Castor oil biodiesel and its blends as alternative fuel. Biomass Bioenergy 41, 451–462 (2011)
Schmitz, T.L., Action, J.E., Ziegert, J.C., Sawyer, W.G.: The difficulty of measuring low friction: uncertainty analysis for friction coefficient measurements. ASME J. Trib. 127, 673–678 (2005)
Burris, D.L., Sawyer, W.G.: Addressing practical challenges of low friction coefficient measurements. Trib. Lett. 35, 17–23 (2009)
Li, J., Zhang, C., Sun, L., Luo, J.: Analysis of measurement inaccuracy in superlubricitity test. Trib. Trans. 56, 141–147 (2013)
Acknowledgments
The present work is financially supported by the grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (51175406) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2012M511993) and Project (TPL1202) supported by the Open Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zeng, Q., Dong, G. Influence of Load and Sliding Speed on Super-Low Friction of Nitinol 60 Alloy under Castor Oil Lubrication. Tribol Lett 52, 47–55 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0191-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0191-1