The purpose of this research aimed at exploring the effect of recreation specialization on hikers' environmental behavior. Method of survey was used. Data were collected on-site from hikers of Shou Shan, Guanyin Shan and Liding Shan trails in Kaohsiung and Pingtung area with convenience sampling. Of all the questionnaires distributed, 308 were valid. Canonical correlation analyses were then used to explore the relationships between the two variables. The research results revealed significant relationships between hikers' recreation specialization and environmental behavior. A canonical factor between recreation specialization and environmental behavior was extracted. This fact suggested that the higher level of specialization on hikers' behavior, cognition and affection dimensions, the more likely they would take individual and public environmental behavior. Based on the results, suggestions for future study and reference for managerial practice were provided.