Abstract
The steel–concrete interface (SCI) is known to influence corrosion of steel in concrete. However, due to the numerous factors affecting the SCI—including steel properties, concrete properties, execution, and exposure conditions—it remains unclear which factors have the most dominant impact on the susceptibility of reinforced concrete to corrosion. In this literature review, prepared by members of RILEM technical committee 262-SCI, an attempt is made to elucidate the effect of numerous SCI characteristics on chloride-induced corrosion initiation of steel in concrete. We use a method to quantify and normalize the effect of individual SCI characteristics based on different literature results, which allows comparing them in a comprehensive context. It is found that the different SCI characteristics have received highly unbalanced research attention. Parameters such as w/b ratio and cement type have been studied most extensively. Interestingly, however, literature consistently indicates that those parameters have merely a moderate effect on the corrosion susceptibility of steel in concrete. Considerably more pronounced effects were identified for (1) steel properties, including metallurgy, presence of mill scale or rust layers, and surface roughness, and (2) the moisture state. Unfortunately, however, these aspects have received comparatively little research attention. Due to their apparently strong influence, future corrosion studies as well as developments towards predicting corrosion initiation in concrete would benefit from considering those aspects. Particularly the working mechanisms related to the moisture conditions in microscopic and macroscopic voids at the SCI is complex and presents major opportunities for further research in corrosion of steel in concrete.
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the input provided by all TC members attending the discussions of the TC meetings on 22 October 2017 (Philadelphia, U.S.), 7 April 2017 (Paris, France), 14 September 2017 (Zurich, Switzerland), 14 October 2017 (Anaheim, U.S.), 27 March 2018 (Sheffield, UK), 28 August 2018 (Delft, the Netherlands), 21 February 2019 (Zurich, Switzerland), and 19 March 2019 (Rovinj, Croatia). Additionally, we acknowledge the so far unpublished results that were provided by Raoul François from Université de Toulouse, France (Fig. 5), and by Carolina Boschmann from ETH Zurich, Switzerland (Figs. 8, 9).
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This article has been prepared within a framework of RILEM TC 262-SCI. The article has been reviewed and approved by all TC members.
TC Chair: Ueli M. Angst.
Deputy Chair: Mette R. Geiker.
TC Members: Johan Ahlström, Mark Alexander, Ueli Angst, Christian Christodoulou, Maria Joao Correia, Maria Criado, Maria Cruz Alonso, Bernhard Elsener, Raoul François, Christoph Gehlen, Mette Geiker, Joost Gulikers, Carolyn Hansson, Karla Hornbostel, Burkan Isgor, Marc Kosalla, Andraz Legat, Kefei Li, Victor Marcos Meson, Alexander Michel, Shishir Mundra, Mike Otieno, José Pacheco Farias, Farhad Pargar, Radhakrishna Pillai, Rob Polder, Michael Raupach, Alberto Sagüés, Henrik Erndahl Sørensen, Luping Tang, David Trejo, Elsa Vaz Pereira, Talakokula Visalakshi, Hong Wong, Linwen Yu, Yuxi Zhao.
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Angst, U.M., Geiker, M.R., Alonso, M.C. et al. The effect of the steel–concrete interface on chloride-induced corrosion initiation in concrete: a critical review by RILEM TC 262-SCI. Mater Struct 52, 88 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-019-1387-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-019-1387-0