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Effects of biofumigation using Brassica juncea and Raphanus sativus in comparison to disinfection using Basamid on apple plant growth and soil microbial communities at three field sites with replant disease

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Abstract

Aims

The effects of biofumigation with Brassica juncea ‘Terra Plus’ and Raphanus sativus ‘Defender’ in comparison to Basamid on apple plant growth and on soil microbial communities were studied at three sites affected by replant disease under field conditions.

Methods

Apple rootstocks were planted on differently treated plots to evaluate the effect of the treatments on plant growth under field and greenhouse conditions. The glucosinolates in biofumigant plant organs and their breakdown products in soils were determined. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprints were performed with 16S rRNA gene and ITS fragments amplified from total community DNA extracted from different soils.

Results

The highest glucosinolate concentrations were found in inflorescences of both biofumigant plant species with no differences between sites. The most abundant degradation product in soil biofumigated with B. juncea was 2-propenyl isothiocyanate, while in soil treated with R. sativus only 4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate was detected. Effects of biofumigation were recorded to be stronger on fungi than on bacteria. Growth of apple rootstocks was positively affected by the treatments in a site-dependent manner.

Conclusions

The effects of biofumigation evaluated by the apple plant growth were site-dependent and might result from suppression of soil-borne pests and pathogens, changes in soil microbial community compositions, and additional nutrients from the incorporated biomass.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture within the initiative “Bundesprogramm ökologischer Landbau und andere Formen nachhaltiger Landwirtschaft” (BÖLN). We thank the three nurseries K, A, and M, in Schleswig-Holstein for the project cooperation. We are also thankful to Stefan Weiß, Simon Richartz, Bärbel Ernst, Ewa Schneider, and Friederike Schröder for assistance in the biotest experiment, Andrea Jankowsky for help in GS determination, and Annett Platalla and Elke Büsch for determination of GS breakdown products. We also acknowledge Ilse-Marie Jungkurth, Philipp Braun, and Stefan Weiß for critically reading the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section of Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419, Hannover, Germany

    Bunlong Yim & Traud Winkelmann

  2. Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut, Messeweg 11-12, D-38104, Braunschweig, Germany

    Bunlong Yim & Kornelia Smalla

  3. Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, D-14979, Grossbeeren, Germany

    Franziska S. Hanschen & Monika Schreiner

  4. Department of Horticulture, Landwirtschaftskammer Schleswig-Holstein, Thiensen 16, D-25373, Ellerhoop, Germany

    Andreas Wrede

  5. Department of Plant Production, Plant Protection, Environment, Landwirtschaftskammer Schleswig-Holstein, Thiensen 22, D-25373, Ellerhoop, Germany

    Heike Nitt

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  1. Bunlong Yim
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  2. Franziska S. Hanschen
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Yim, B., Hanschen, F.S., Wrede, A. et al. Effects of biofumigation using Brassica juncea and Raphanus sativus in comparison to disinfection using Basamid on apple plant growth and soil microbial communities at three field sites with replant disease. Plant Soil 406, 389–408 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2876-3

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