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  • Stabi Berlin  (389)
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  • Geography  (389)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Nature | Wiesbaden :Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH,
    UID:
    almafu_9960838980402883
    Format: 1 online resource (287 pages)
    ISBN: 3-658-36562-5
    Content: Dieses Open-Access-Buch bietet Einblicke in die Bandbreite agrar- und regional-soziologischer Forschung und eng verwandter Disziplinen in Österreich. Es widmet sich den vielfältigen Lebensrealitäten von Akteurinnen und Akteuren in ländlichen, insbesondere alpinen Regionen. Die Beiträge beleuchten Themen wie Wandlungsprozesse und Zukunftsperspektiven, Sozialkapital und Lebensqualität, Werthaltungen und Konsumpräferenzen sowie Landnutzung und Familienlandwirtschaft.
    Note: Intro -- Vorwort -- Stefan Vogel - Wissenschaft als Beruf und Berufung -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Wandlungsprozesse & -- Zukunftsperspektiven -- Soziokulturelle (Über-)Prägungen ländlicher Regionalentwicklung im Alpenraum durch Urbanisierung und Globalisierung -- Zusammenfassung -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Wesen, Voraussetzungen sowie Auslöser von Urbanisierung und Globalisierung -- 3 Schlaglichter urbanisierungs- und globalisierungsbedingter soziokultureller Veränderungen im Alpenraum -- 3.1 Demografischer Wandel -- 3.2 Agrarstrukturwandel -- 3.3 Tourismusentwicklung -- 3.4 Zweitwohnungswesen und Zuwanderung -- 3.5 Verkehr -- 4 Implikationen soziokultureller Veränderungen für die alpine ländliche Regionalentwicklung -- 4.1 Demografiebedingte Implikationen -- 4.2 Zweitwohnsitzbedingte Implikationen -- 4.3 Tourismusbedingte Implikationen -- 4.4 Agrarbezogene Implikationen -- 5 Perspektiven alpiner ländlicher Regionalentwicklung im Lichte von Urbanisierung und Globalisierung -- Literatur -- Shaping New Rural and Mountain Narratives: Priorities for Challenges and Opportunities in Mountain Research -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mountain Research: An Evolving Scientific Field -- 3 Strategy Building and Orientation of Mountain Research -- 4 Obstacles to Success and "Blind Spots" in Research Strategy Elaboration -- 5 Focal Points of Strengthening Mountain Research -- References -- Eine geschlechtergerechte ländliche Gesellschaft zwischen Vision und Realität: Eine diskursive Annäherung -- Zusammenfassung -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Vision für eine geschlechtergerechte ländliche Gesellschaft -- 3 Status quo der Geschlechtergerechtigkeit in ländlichen Gesellschaften -- 4 Soziale und politische Bedingungen zur Förderung einer geschlechtergerechten ländlichen Gesellschaft. , 5 Beitrag der Ruralen Frauen und Geschlechterforschung zu einer geschlechtergerechten ländlichen Gesellschaft -- Literatur -- Sozialkapital & -- Lebensqualität -- Armut, Armutsgefährdung, soziale Ausgrenzung: Ursachen und Konsequenzen im ländlichen Raum -- Zusammenfassung -- 1 Ausmaß der Armut und Armutsgefährdung -- 2 Ländliche Armutsforschung -- 3 Zentrale Aspekte der ländlichen Armut -- 3.1 Arbeitsplatzangebot und Lohnniveau -- 3.2 Mobilitätserfordernis -- 3.3 Wohnraumbeschaffung -- 3.4 Individualisierung und Verzicht auf Sozialleistungen -- 3.5 Bäuerliche Armut -- 4 Resümee -- Literatur -- Integration of International Female Immigrants in Rural Austria: A Case Study in the Alpine Pinzgau-Pongau Region -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Framework -- 3 Material and Method -- 4 Description of the Interviewed Immigrant Women -- 5 Integration Experiences of Immigrant Women in Rural Regions -- 5.1 Arrival in the Rural Region -- 5.2 Current Living Situation -- 5.3 Perspectives of Staying -- 5.4 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Biobaumwollinitiativen und ihre Wirkung auf das Gemeinschaftskapital ländlicher Regionen in Tansania, Indien und Peru -- Zusammenfassung -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Theoretisches und analytisches Konzept -- 3 Material und Methode -- 4 Fallbeispiel I: bioRe® Tansania -- 5 Fallbeispiel II: Chetna Organic, Indien -- 6 Fallbeispiel III: Bergman/Rivera, Peru -- 7 Diskussion und Schlussfolgerungen -- Literatur -- Werthaltungen & -- Konsumpräferenzen -- Contingent Valuation: How Opportunity Costs Influence the Stated Willingness to Pay -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Standard Single Binary Choice Question -- 3 Relaxing the Assumption of No Influence on the Provision of Alternative Public Goods in the Single Binary Choice Question -- 4 Consequences for Empirical Applications and Evidence. , 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- Anchor 8 -- References -- Energy Prosumers' Spillovers and the Policy Effect: Comparing Two Alpine Valleys in Styria and South Tyrol -- Abstract -- 1 Energy Behavior and Its Spillovers -- 2 Ambiguous Empirical Findings on Spillovers and the Attempt to Elucidate Them -- 3 Methodology and Research Design -- 3.1 Questionnaire and Data Collection -- 3.2 Statistical Analysis -- 4 Identifying and Reflecting Prosumer Spillovers -- 4.1 Individual Prosumer Spillovers in the Puster Valley -- 4.2 Individual Prosumer Spillovers in the Mur Valley -- 4.3 Collective Prosumer Spillovers in the Mur Valley -- 4.4 Prosumer Spillovers in Different Policy Regimes -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Tierwohlstandards für Milchkühe im Berggebiet: Haltungsform oder Werthaltung? -- Zusammenfassung -- 1 Vom Tierwohl zum Tierhaltungsstandard -- 2 Theorie: Konventionen und Wirtschaftsstile -- 3 Material und Methode -- 3.1 Konventionen -- 3.2 Landwirtschaftsstile -- 4 Haltungsformen und Werthaltungen -- Literatur -- Quality and Value Appropriation by Colombian Coffee Producers: Starting to Fill the Gap from a Gender Perspective -- Abstract -- 1 Uncovering Gender as an Intersectional Analysis Unit -- 1.1 Intersectional Gender Perspective in the Coffee Value Chain -- 1.2 The Need for Differentiation and Value Creation along the Global Coffee Value Chain -- 2 Guiding Concepts and Theory -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Nahe Ferne, weite Nähe? Ein Analyserahmen für Dimensionen der Nähe in lokalen und transkontinentalen alternativen Lebensmittelnetzwerken -- Zusammenfassung -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Konzeptionierung von Nähe in alternativen Lebensmittelnetzwerken -- 3 Methoden und Fälle zur Anwendung des Analyserahmens -- 4 Fallbeispiel I: Solidarische Landwirtschaft Wiener Umland. , 5 Fallbeispiel II: Kaffeedirekthandel Peru - Deutschland -- 6 Vergleich der Fallbeispiele, Diskussion und Schlussfolgerungen -- Literatur -- Landnutzung & -- Familienlandwirtschaft -- A Conceptualized Land Use System and Data to Support Integrated Landscape Assessments in Austria -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Conceptualized Land Use System at the Landscape Scale -- 3 Factor Groups and Data Sources -- 3.1 Farm Scale Factors -- 3.2 Socioeconomic and Sociocultural Factors -- 3.3 Environmental Factors -- 4 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Researching the Management of Family Farms: Promote Planning or Bolster Bricolage? -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Economic versus Peasant Rationality -- 3 Mechanistic versus Complex System Worldview -- 4 Assumptions Shaping Recommendations for Farm Management -- 5 In Lieu of a Conclusion: An Invitation to Reflect on the Implications of Assumptions Underlying Research -- References -- Factors Influencing Farmers' Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Method -- 3 Results of the Systematic Literature Review -- 3.1 Sample Description -- 3.2 Applied Theories -- 3.3 Farmers' Actual and Intended Climate Change Behavior -- 3.4 Behavioral Factors -- 3.4.1 Cognitive Factors -- 3.4.2 Social Factors -- 3.4.3 Dispositional Factors -- 4 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Forschungsperspektiven zur Hofnachfolge: Eine Systematisierung der wissenschaftlichen Literatur -- Zusammenfassung -- 1 Entwicklung der Hofnachfolgeforschung -- 2 Forschungsperspektiven in der Hofnachfolgeforschung -- 2.1 Hofnachfolge als langjähriger komplexer sozialer Prozess -- 2.2 Hofnachfolge und Ruhestand als spiegelbildlicher Prozess -- 2.3 Wahrscheinlichkeit der Hofnachfolge als Funktion endogener und exogener Einflussfaktoren. , 2.4 Hofnachfolge als Einflussfaktor auf bäuerliche Haushaltsstrategien -- 2.5 Hofnachfolge im Kontext von Überalterung in der Landwirtschaft -- 3 Resümee und Ausblick -- Literatur. , German
    Additional Edition: ISBN 3-658-36561-7
    Language: German
    Subjects: Geography
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    Keywords: Festschrift ; Festschrift ; Festschrift ; Electronic books. ; Festschrift ; Electronic books.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge :Polity Press,
    UID:
    almafu_BV035443236
    Format: VIII, 264 S. : , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    ISBN: 978-0-7456-4692-3 , 978-0-7456-4693-0
    Content: "A landmark study in the struggle to contain climate change, the greatest challenge of our era. I urge everyone to read it."--Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States of America. Climate change differs from any other problem that, as collective humanity, we face today. If it goes unchecked, the consequences are likely to be catastrophic for human life on earth. Yet for most people, and for many policy-makers too, it is a 'back of the mind' issue. We recognise its importance and even its urgency, but for the most part it is swamped by more immediate concerns. Politicians have woken up to the dangers, but at the moment their responses are mainly on the level of gesture rather than being, as they have to be, both concrete and radical. Political action and intervention, on local, national and international levels, is going to have a decisive effect on whether or not we can limit global warming, as well as how we adapt to that already occurring. At the moment, however, Anthony Giddens argues controversially, we do not have a systematic politics of climate change. Politics-as-usual won't allow us to deal with the problems we face, while the recipes of the main challenger to orthodox politics, the green movement, are flawed at source. Giddens introduces a range of new concepts and proposals to fill in the gap, and examines in depth the connections between climate change and energy security. This book is likely to become a classic in the field. It will appeal to everyone concerned about how we can cope with what amounts to a crisis for our civilisation.
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics , Geography
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    Keywords: Klimaänderung ; Klimaschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Klimaänderung ; Klimaschutz ; Politik
    URL: Cover
    Author information: Giddens, Anthony 1938-
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  • 3
    UID:
    almahu_9949301300102882
    Format: 1 online resource (520 pages)
    ISBN: 9783030582784
    Note: Intro -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Editorial: The Science of Citizen Science Evolves -- What Is Citizen Science? -- The Emergence of the COST Action Research Network -- Part I: Citizen Science as Science -- Part II: Citizen Science in Society -- Part III: Citizen Science in Practice -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: What Is Citizen Science? The Challenges of Definition -- Introduction -- The Challenges and Dimensions of Definitions -- Different Interpretations of Citizen Science in Europe -- Definitions in Practice -- Definitions in Different Contexts -- Learning from the Plurality of Definitions -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Citizen Science in Europe -- The Rise of Citizen Science in Europe -- A Diverse Citizen Science Landscape -- Citizen Science in Western and Northern Europe -- Citizen Science in Central and Eastern Europe -- Citizen Science in Southern Europe and the Balkans -- European-Level Support for Citizen Science -- EU Funding for Citizen Science -- Emerging European Citizen Science Networks -- The European Citizen Science Association -- Doing It Together Science (DITOs) Project -- Challenges and Opportunities -- Recommendations for Future Developments -- References -- Part I: Citizen Science as Science -- Chapter 4: Science as a Commons: Improving the Governance of Knowledge Through Citizen Science -- Introduction -- Citizen Science and the Commons: Old and Entangled Concepts -- Science and Knowledge: Networks of Cooperation -- Citizen Science Highlighting the Social Structure of Science -- The Core of Citizen Science Methodologies -- Knowledge as a Commons for Better Governance of (Citizen) Science -- Commons: Beyond Public Goods -- From Natural Commons to Knowledge as a Commons -- Citizen Science as a Commons -- Monitoring Cooperation -- Challenges -- Future Trends and Recommendations -- References. , Chapter 5: Citizen Science in the Natural Sciences -- Introduction -- History -- Research Approaches -- Scientific Achievements -- Societal Outcomes -- Challenges -- Relevance, Future Trends, and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 6: Citizen Humanities -- Introduction -- History -- Types of Citizen Humanities -- Citizen Humanities in Different Disciplines -- Archaeology and History -- Linguistics -- Interdisciplinary Projects -- Platforms -- Implementing Citizen Humanities -- Gamification -- Artificial Intelligence and Big Data -- Unique Methods -- Challenges -- Objectivity and Biases -- Participant Training and Retention -- Digitalisation -- Added Value of the Citizen Humanities -- Tapping Local Knowledge and Critical Reflection -- Relevance -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Citizen Social Science: New and Established Approaches to Participation in Social Research -- `Citizen Social Science:́ A New Term or Old Hat? -- The Epistemic Foundations of Citizen Social Science -- Boundaries and Overlaps with Citizen Science -- Academic Interpretations of Citizen Social Science -- What Are the Key Issues for Citizen Social Science? -- What Does Citizen Social Science Add to the Fields of Social Science and Citizen Science? -- References -- Chapter 8: Data Quality in Citizen Science -- Introduction -- Data as a Risk Factor in Citizen Science Projects -- Data Quality Issues in Citizen Science Projects -- Data Collection Protocols Are Not Followed by Participants -- Data Collection Protocols Do Not Match the Goals of the Project or the Probable Participants -- Data Collection Protocols Are Incorrectly Implemented -- Data Collection Protocols Are Not Comprehensive and Are Used by Stakeholders with Different Data Quality Expectation Levels -- Data Used Are Not Fit for Purpose -- Validation and Verification of Data in Citizen Science Projects. , When Does Validation Occur? -- Data Quality Assurance and Control in Citizen Science -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 9: A Conceptual Model for Participants and Activities in Citizen Science Projects -- Introduction -- Towards a Conceptual Model for Citizen Science -- Stakeholders -- Methodology -- Related Conceptual Models -- Conceptual Models of Projects and Participants -- Conceptual Models of Project Outcomes -- The Proposed Conceptual Model for Citizen Science -- Project Description -- Participation and Activity Description -- Application in Case Studies -- Instantiation of Projects -- Deployment of the Conceptual Model -- JRC Citizen Science Project Inventory -- Participatory Toponym Handling Project -- Roadmap for Future Research and Use -- References -- Chapter 10: Machine Learning in Citizen Science: Promises and Implications -- Introduction -- Learning Paradigms in ML -- Examples of ML in Citizen Science -- Challenges and Opportunities of Using ML -- Epistemological and Ethical Challenges -- Making ML More Transparent -- Lessons Learnt -- Future Trends, Recommendations, and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Participation and Co-creation in Citizen Science -- Introduction -- Articulating Citizen Co-creation in Research -- Case Study 1: OpenSystems - Participatory Design in Citizen Social Science -- Case Study 2: Kubus Science Shop at Technische Universität Berlin (TUB) -- Case Study 3: Procomuns - PAR and Co-creation of Public Policies -- Case Study 4: The Duchenne Project - When a CSO Leads the Research Process -- Core Principles and Practices -- Co-define and Address Real-World Problems -- Shared Language and Visual Thinking -- Building the Research Community: Frameworks, Ethics, and Collaborative Decision-Making -- The Role of Mediation and Participatory Meetings -- Participation Tools and Channels. , Discussion -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 12: Citizen Science, Health, and Environmental Justice -- Introduction -- Controversies at the Interface of Citizen Science and Health -- Environmental Justice -- The Relationships, History, and Development of Citizen Science, Health, and Environmental Justice -- The Relationships Between Citizen Science and Health -- The Relationships Between Citizen Science and Environmental Justice -- The Current Landscape -- Task Type -- Research Focus -- Participation Models -- Challenges -- Addressing Health Disparity -- Gaps in the Ability to Volunteer -- Neoliberal Transfer of Responsibility -- Privacy -- Interoperability -- Disparity and Power Imbalance -- Relevance, Future Trends, and Recommendations -- Relevance and Future Trends -- Recommendations -- References -- Part II: Citizen Science in Society -- Chapter 13: Participants in Citizen Science -- Introduction -- Increased Scrutiny of Participants -- Involvement of Citizens -- Levels of Engagement -- Motivation to Participate -- Benefits and Outcomes for Participants -- Participants ́Challenges and Recommendations for Project Leaders -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Inclusiveness and Diversity in Citizen Science -- Introduction -- Inclusiveness in Citizen Science: Gaps and Trends -- Inclusive Approaches in European Commission Research Initiatives -- Multifaceted Inclusiveness in the COST Action Programme -- The D-NOSES Inclusive Engagement Model -- DITOs: Addressing Gender and Inclusiveness -- Recommendations -- Challenges and Future Trends -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Learning in Citizen Science -- Introduction -- Mapping the Field -- Formal Education -- Out-of-School Education -- Local and Global Communities -- Families -- Museums -- Online Citizen Science -- Personal Journeys in Citizen Science and Learning. , Personal Journeys into the Field (Boxes 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, and 15.6) -- Our Emerging Community of Practice: Opportunities and Challenges -- Challenges for Education and Citizen Science -- Tensions Arising from Citizen Science Projects in Educational Settings -- Training Requirements for Citizen Science Projects -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: Citizen Science Case Studies and Their Impacts on Social Innovation -- Introduction -- Conceptualising Social Innovation: History and Current Developments -- Linking Social Innovation and Citizen Science -- Citizen Science Case Studies and Social Innovation -- Case Study A: Extreme Citizen Science Projects and Technologies for Social Innovation -- Case Study B: Breathe Brno and `Can I Breathe? ́- Citizen Projects Promoting Air Quality -- Case Study C: Fortepan - Online Crowdsourced Photo Collection Documenting the Twentieth Century -- Case Study D: INVOLEN - Intergenerational Learning for Nature Conservation Volunteers -- Case E: Improve My City - Direct Citizen-Government Communication and Collaboration -- Challenges, Recommendations, and Future Trends -- References -- Chapter 17: Science as a Lever: The Roles and Power of Civil Society Organisations in Citizen Science -- CSOs as Key Agents of Transformative Research -- CSOs in Citizen Science -- The Roles and Power of CSOs in Participatory Research: Two Case Studies -- Environmental Health and Nuclear Risk: Pluralist Expert Groups -- Occupational Health and Safety: Between Academia and New Social Movements -- Evolving Roles and Relations -- Challenges for CSOs in Citizen Science -- The Power of Transformative Research: Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 18: Citizen Science and Policy -- Introduction -- Background -- Underlying Structures -- Clarifying Concepts: Policy-Politics-Polity. , The Development of Citizen Science and Policies.
    Additional Edition: Print version: Vohland, Katrin The Science of Citizen Science Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2021 ISBN 9783030582777
    Language: English
    Subjects: Geography , General works
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    Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Electronic books.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    URL: FULL  ((Currently Only Available on Campus))
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Durham ; London :Duke University Press,
    UID:
    almahu_BV041133907
    Format: xiv, 365 Seiten.
    ISBN: 978-0-8223-5487-1 , 978-0-8223-5503-8
    Series Statement: Social text books
    Note: Literaturverz. S. [313] - 347. - Includes bibliographical references and index
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe ISBN 978-0-8223-7754-2
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe ISBN 978-0-8223-7754-2
    Language: English
    Subjects: Political Science , Geography , Ethnology , Sociology
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    Keywords: Grenze ; Grenzgebiet ; Globalisierung ; Arbeit ; Migration
    Author information: Mezzadra, Sandro 1963-
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  • 5
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.] :MIT Press,
    UID:
    almafu_BV021839612
    Format: XVI, 528 S. : , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 0-262-14095-0 , 0-262-64064-3 , 978-0-262-14095-9 , 978-0-262-64064-0
    Content: "This comprehensive overview of the modern Chinese economy by a noted expert on China's economic development offers a quality and breadth of coverage not found in any other English-language text. In The Chinese Economy, Barry Naughton provides both an engaging, broadly focused introduction to China's economy since 1949 and original insights based on his own extensive research. The book will be an essential resource for students, teachers, scholars, business people, and policymakers. It is suitable for classroom use for undergraduate or graduate courses." "After presenting background material on the pre-1949 economy and the industrialization, reform, and market transition that have taken place since, the book examines different aspects of the modern Chinese economy. It analyzes patterns of growth and development, including population growth and the one-child family policy, the rural economy, including agriculture and rural industrialization; industrial and technological development in urban areas; international trade and foreign investment; macroeconomic trends and cycles and the financial system; and the largely unaddressed problems of environmental quality and the sustainability of growth." "The text is notable also for placing China's economy in interesting comparative contexts, discussing it in relation to other transitional or developing economies and to such advanced industrial countries as the United States and Japan. It provides a broad historical and macro perspective as well as a focused examination of the actual workings of China's complex and dynamic economic development. Interest in the Chinese economy will continue to grow as China becomes an increasingly important player on the world's stage. This book will be the standard reference for understanding and teaching about the next economic superpower. Book jacket."--BOOK JACKET.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics , Geography
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    Keywords: Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Lehrbuch
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  • 6
    Book
    Book
    New York :American Inst. of Physics,
    UID:
    almahu_BV005587615
    Format: XXXIX, 520 S. : , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 0-88318-712-4 , 0-88318-711-6 , 978-0-88318-712-8
    Content: "A superb reference." Physics Today "Will become a classic text in climate research. " Physics World "Valuable to anyone who studies, models, or uses the climate of the earth." Walter Robinson, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society "Informative and authoritative on a remarkably wide range of topics." Nature Are we entering a period of global warming? Is weather predictable? Physics of Climate offers you an in-depth description of atmospheric circulation and how environmental phenomena worldwide interact in a single, unified system. This integrated approach unites all the key features of the climate system--oceans, atmosphere, and cryosphere--to explain the structure and behavior of climate over time. Ideal for students and professionals in meteorology, oceanography, geophysics, and physics.
    Note: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
    Language: English
    Subjects: Physics , Geography
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    Keywords: Atmosphäre ; Klimatologie ; Physik ; Dynamische Meteorologie ; Klima ; Lehrbuch
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    UID:
    almahu_9949602153202882
    Format: 1 online resource (365 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319437026
    Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- List of Acronyms -- Chapter 1: Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development: Introduction -- 1.1 Critical Role of Evaluation -- 1.2 Book Structure -- References -- Chapter 2: Action on Climate Change: What Does It Mean and Where Does It Lead To? -- 2.1 Introducing the Micro-Macro Paradox: Success at the Micro-level Does Not Lead to Success at the Macro-level? -- 2.2 The Micro-Macro Paradox: Successful Climate Action But No Global Impact? -- 2.3 From Early Results to the Slow Materialization of Impact -- 2.4 Surviving the Negative Effects of Climate Change -- 2.5 Three Priority Areas for Transformative Action -- 2.6 Civil Society Action Supported Through Small Grants -- 2.7 Introducing New Technologies Through the Private Sector -- 2.8 Gender, Equity and Inclusiveness -- 2.9 When Will We Achieve Systems Change? -- 2.10 Recommendations for Future Evaluations -- References -- Part I: Policy -- Chapter 3: Mainstreaming Impact Evidence in Climate Change and Sustainable Development -- 3.1 Re-instating an Older Impact Tradition? -- 3.2 Demand for Impact Evidence -- 3.3 Theories of Change for Climate Change Mitigation -- 3.4 Key Questions Related to Time, Space and Scale -- 3.5 Using Time and Space to Identify Approaches -- 3.6 Using Time and Scale to Identify Approaches -- 3.7 Using Space and Scale to Identify Approaches -- 3.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Pathway to Impact: Supporting and Evaluating Enabling Environments for Research for Development -- 4.1 Introduction -- Box 4.1: Key Messages -- 4.2 Background -- Box 4.2: Challenge Program on Water and Food -- 4.3 Approach -- Box 4.3: About the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) -- 4.4 Getting to the Right Mix -- 4.5 Findings and Analysis. , 4.5.1 Moving Away from a Logframe -- 4.6 Testing the Waters with Theory of Change and Results-Based Management in CCAFS -- Box 4.4: Why Learning -- 4.7 Trialing Results-Based Management in CCAFS -- 4.8 Building Capacity and Learning Within the Program for Theory of Change Approach -- 4.9 CCAFS ́Results-Based Management Trial: Insights from Researchers and Partners -- 4.10 Rolling Out Results-Based Management for CCAFS as a Whole -- 4.11 Implementing a Modular MEL System for CCAFS -- 4.12 Implications for Policy, Practice and Research -- 4.13 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Lessons from Taking Stock of 12 Years of Swiss International Cooperation on Climate Change -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Purpose -- 5.3 Methodology -- Theory of Change for the Area of Intervention `Enabling Framework ́-- 5.4 Results -- 5.5 Challenges and Lessons Learnt -- 5.5.1 In General -- 5.5.2 For Evaluators -- 5.5.3 For Practitioners/Program Managers -- 5.5.4 For Policy Makers -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: An Analytical Framework for Evaluating a Diverse Climate Change Portfolio -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Scope of the Evaluation -- 6.3 Challenges to the Evaluation -- 6.4 Analytical Framework of the Evaluation -- 6.5 Data Sources -- 6.6 Evaluation Process -- 6.7 Lessons Learned on the Evaluation Approach -- Chapter 7: Enhancing the Joint Crediting Mechanism MRV to Contribute to Sustainable Development -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The JCM Overview -- 7.3 Approach in Evaluating the JCM MRV -- 7.4 Enhancing the JCM Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) Framework -- 7.4.1 Governance -- 7.4.2 MRV Methodology and System -- 7.4.3 Processing Time -- 7.4.4 Project Development and Capacity Building -- Case Study: PT Semen Indonesia Tuban -- 7.4.5 Sustainable Development Evaluation Framework -- 7.5 Recommendations -- Part II: Climate Change Mitigation. , Chapter 8: Using Mixed Methods to Assess Trade-Offs Between Agricultural Decisions and Deforestation -- 8.1 Background -- 8.2 Reserved Forests in Thailand -- 8.2.1 Land Titles and Property Rights -- Box 8.1: Chronology of Important Events for Forest-Related Legislation in Thailand -- 8.3 Study Area and Data Set and Study Area -- 8.4 Characteristics of Data and Hypothesized Effects -- 8.5 Results -- 8.6 Discussion of Main Results -- 8.6.1 Effect of Population -- 8.6.2 Effect of Travel Costs -- 8.6.3 Property Rights -- 8.7 Overall Discussion -- References -- Chapter 9: Methodological Approach of the GEF IEOś Climate Change Mitigation Impact Evaluation: Assessing Progress in Market ... -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Utility as a Guiding Factor to Define What Needs to Be Evaluated -- 9.3 Defining the Scope of the Evaluation -- 9.4 Assessing Impacts of GEF Support -- 9.5 Understanding the System Targeted by the Intervention -- 9.6 Measurement of Emission Reduction Benefits -- 9.7 Assessing Market Change -- 9.8 Establishing Causality and Accounting for Alternative Hypothesis -- 9.9 Assessing What Would Have Happened If GEF Support Had Not Taken Place -- 9.10 The Critical Role of Indicators in Impact Evaluation -- 9.11 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Integrating Avoided Emissions in Climate Change Evaluation Policies for LDC: The Case of Passive Solar Houses in A... -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Approach -- 10.2.1 Sampling and Data Collection -- 10.2.2 Data Analysis -- 10.2.3 Fuel Consumption and Temperature Data Treatment -- 10.2.4 Greenhouse Gas Calculation -- 10.3 Results -- 10.3.1 Energy Efficiency -- 10.3.1.1 Heating Degrees Day Required to Be at 18C (Outside Temperature) -- 10.3.1.2 Energy Savings -- 10.3.1.3 Indoor Temperature -- 10.3.2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction and Avoided Emissions. , 10.4 Implication for Policy Makers and Development Practitioners -- Chapter 11: Sustainable Development, Climate Change, and Renewable Energy in Rural Central America -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Approach -- 11.3 Methodology -- 11.4 Analysis -- 11.4.1 Meeting the Triple Objectives -- 11.5 Renewable Energy and Climate Adaptation -- 11.6 Renewable Energy and Climate Mitigation -- 11.7 Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development -- 11.8 Cross Cutting Factors -- 11.9 Conditions, Circumstances and Considerations -- 11.9.1 Implications for Policy, Practice and/or Research -- References -- Chapter 12: Unpacking the Black Box of Technology Distribution, Development Potential and Carbon Markets Benefits -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Literature Review -- 12.2.1 Conceptualizing Local Economic Development Impacts for Carbon Finance Projects -- 12.2.2 Measuring Sustainable Development in Carbon Interventions -- 12.3 Field Methods -- 12.4 Case Study Attributes -- 12.4.1 Cookstove Case -- 12.4.2 Water Filter Case -- 12.4.3 Biodigester Case -- 12.5 Discussion -- References -- Part III: Climate Change Adaptation -- Chapter 13: What Do Evaluations Tell Us About Climate Change Adaptation? Meta-analysis with a Realist Approach -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Approach and Study Material -- 13.3 Realist Approach -- 13.4 Meta-analysis Conducted -- 13.5 Mechanism-Outcome Sequences -- 13.5.1 Relevance M-O Sequences -- 13.5.2 Efficiency M-O Sequences -- 13.5.3 Effectiveness M-O Sequences -- 13.5.4 Sustainability M-O Sequences -- 13.6 Contextual Conditions -- 13.6.1 Context for Relevance -- 13.6.2 Context for Efficiency -- 13.6.3 Context for Effectiveness -- 13.6.4 Context for Sustainability -- 13.7 Methodological Implications -- 13.8 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 14: Adaptation Processes in Agriculture and Food Security: Insights from Evaluating Behavioral Changes in West Africa -- 14.1 Introduction -- Box 14.1: Adaptation, Adaptive Capacity and Food Security -- 14.2 Approach -- 14.2.1 The Intervention -- 14.2.2 The Monitoring and Evaluation Approach and Technique -- 14.3 Analysis -- 14.3.1 Consistency Between Planned Behavioral Theory and the CCAFS Programś Objectives -- 14.3.2 Identified Behavioral Changes Induced by the CCAFS Program in West Africa -- 14.3.3 Learning Opportunities from Applying Behavioral Changes Theory in Adaption Processes -- 14.4 Needs for Incorporating Behavioral Theory into Adaptation MandE Approaches -- 14.5 Implications for Policy, Practice and Research -- 14.5.1 Improving Adaptation Policy with Behavioral Theory and Models -- 14.5.2 Fitting the Human Behavior Framework into Adaptation Works -- 14.5.3 Strengthening Human Behavior Elements of Participatory Action Research -- References -- Chapter 15: Using Participatory Approaches in Measuring Resilience and Development in Isiolo County, Kenya -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Approach -- 15.2.1 Top-Down (Track 1) Process -- 15.2.2 Bottom-Up (Track 2) Process -- 15.2.3 Linking Track 1 and Track 2 -- 15.2.4 Baseline Data -- 15.2.4.1 Track 1 (Top-Down) -- 15.2.4.2 Track 2 (Bottom-Up) -- 15.2.5 Output and Outcome Data -- 15.3 Challenges with Implementing the Methodology -- 15.4 Results -- 15.5 Track 1 Score Card Outputs -- 15.6 Track 2 Outputs and Outcomes -- 15.7 Lessons Learnt -- 15.8 Implications for Planning Policy and Practice -- Chapter 16: Evaluating Climate Change Adaptation in Practice: A Child-Centred, Community-Based Project in the Philippines -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 The Project -- 16.3 What `Type ́of Evaluation? -- 16.3.1 Theory of Change Based Evaluation. , 16.3.2 Developmental Evaluation, or, Learning in Complex Systems.
    Additional Edition: Print version: Uitto, Juha I. Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2017 ISBN 9783319437019
    Language: English
    Subjects: Geography
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  • 8
    UID:
    almahu_9949301323002882
    Format: 1 online resource (337 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319560915
    Series Statement: Theory and Practice of Urban Sustainability Transitions Ser.
    Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas-Linkages Between Science, Policy and Practice -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Scope of the Book -- 1.3 Structure and Contents of the Book -- 1.3.1 Part I: Setting the Scene-Climate Change and the Concept of Nature-Based Solutions -- 1.3.2 Part II: Evidence for Nature-Based Solutions to Adapt to Climate Change in Urban Areas -- 1.3.3 Part III: Health and Social Benefits of Nature-Based Solutions in Cities -- 1.3.4 Part IV: Policy, Governance and Planning Implications for Nature-Based Solutions -- References -- Part I: Setting the Scene: Climate Change and the Concept of Nature-Based Solutions -- Chapter 2: Impacts of Climate Change on Urban Areas and Nature-Based Solutions for Adaptation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 General Impact and Consequences of Climate Change for Urban Areas in Europe -- 2.2.1 Effect on Urban Temperatures -- 2.2.2 Effect on Urban Hydrology -- 2.2.3 Indirect Effects on Urban Habitats and Biodiversity -- 2.3 Climate Change Adaptation Possibilities Using Green Infrastructure and Nature-Based Solutions -- 2.3.1 Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) and Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) -- 2.3.2 Reducing Urban Temperature Through Green or Blue Infrastructure and NBS -- 2.3.3 Selection and Management of Urban Vegetation Under Changing Climatic Conditions -- 2.3.4 Green Infrastructure, NBS and Urban Hydrology -- 2.4 Planning and Design Aspects of Green Infrastructure and Nature-Based Solutions for Adapting to Climate Change -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Nature-Based Solutions and Climate Change - Four Shades of Green -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Approach -- 3.3 Nature-Based Solutions in Comparison with Other Concepts -- 3.3.1 Nature-Based Solutions -- 3.3.1.1 Definitions of the Concept and Its Origin. , 3.3.1.2 Main Features and Elements of NbS -- 3.3.2 Ecosystem-Based Adaptation -- 3.3.2.1 Definitions of the Concept and Its Origin -- 3.3.2.2 Main Features and Elements of EbA -- 3.3.3 Green Infrastructure -- 3.3.3.1 Definitions of the Concept and Its Origin -- 3.3.3.2 Main Features and Elements of GI -- 3.3.4 Ecosystem Services -- 3.3.4.1 Definitions of the Concept and Its Origin -- 3.3.4.2 Main Features and Elements of ESS -- 3.4 Discussion -- 3.4.1 Foundations of the Four Concepts -- 3.4.2 Commonalities and Differences -- 3.4.2.1 NbS vs. EbA -- 3.4.2.2 NbS vs. GI -- 3.4.2.3 NbS vs. ESS -- 3.4.3 Applicability in Urban Planning -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Double Insurance in Dealing with Extremes: Ecological and Social Factors for Making Nature-Based Solutions Last -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 External Insurance -- 4.2.1 Ecological Foundations -- 4.2.2 Vulnerability and Exposure -- 4.3 Internal Insurance -- 4.3.1 The Role of Diverse Ecosystems -- 4.3.2 Spatial Dynamics -- 4.3.3 Public Support: Making Sense of NBS -- 4.4 Investing in Insurance: Governance Frameworks -- 4.4.1 Flexibility -- 4.4.2 Participation -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Nature-Based Solutions Accelerating Urban Sustainability Transitions in Cities: Lessons from Dresden, Genk and Stockholm Cities -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Understanding the Acceleration Dynamics of Urban Sustainability Transitions -- 5.3 Case Studies -- 5.3.1 The City-Region of Dresden, Germany -- 5.3.1.1 Nature-Based Solutions Initiatives in the City-Region Dresden -- 5.3.1.2 Accelerating Dresden's Transition with Nature-Based Solutions' Initiatives -- 5.3.2 Genk Case, Belgium -- 5.3.2.1 Nature-Based Solutions' Initiatives in the City Region -- 5.3.2.2 Accelerating Genk's Transition with Nature-Based Solutions' Initiatives -- 5.3.3 Stockholm Case, Sweden. , 5.3.3.1 Nature-Based Solutions' Initiatives in the City Region Stockholm -- 5.3.3.2 Accelerating Stockholm's Transition with Nature-Based Solutions' Initiatives -- 5.4 Implications for Accelerating Urban Sustainability Transitions Through Nature-Based Solutions -- References -- Part II: Evidence for Nature-Based Solutions to Adapt to Climate Change in Urban Areas -- Chapter 6: Integrating the Grey, Green, and Blue in Cities: Nature-Based Solutions for Climate Change Adaptation and Risk Reduction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Challenges of Climate Change in Cities -- 6.1.2 Risk and Vulnerability to People, Ecosystems and Infrastructures in Cities -- 6.1.3 The SETS Framework -- 6.2 Approaches to Reducing Risk and Overall Effects of Urban Climate Change -- 6.2.1 Grey Strategies -- 6.2.2 Green and Blue Infrastructures -- 6.2.3 Hybrid, Green-Grey Approaches -- 6.3 Focusing on Key Urban Climate Challenges -- 6.3.1 New York City and Climate Change -- 6.3.2 Surface and Coastal Flooding in NYC -- 6.4 Discussion -- 6.4.1 Embrace Both Green and Grey Approaches -- 6.4.2 Urban SETS and Importance of Bringing Together Engineering and Ecological Approaches -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 6.5.1 Critical Opportunities for Working with Hybrid Approaches in Cities for CCA and DRR -- References -- Chapter 7: Urban Wetlands and Riparian Forests as a Nature-Based Solution for Climate Change Adaptation in Cities and Their Surroundings -- 7.1 Introduction: What Is the Value of Wetlands and Riparian Forests in Cities? -- 7.2 Ecosystem Services Relevant for Climate Change Adaptation Provided by Wetlands and Riparian Forests and Trade-Offs -- 7.3 Urban Wetlands as a Nature-Based Solution and Options for Their Design -- 7.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Making the Case for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems as a Nature-Based Solution to Urban Flooding. , 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Using Green Alongside Grey as an Alternative Approach to Flood Protection -- 8.3 Making the Investment Case for SUDS -- 8.4 Fostering a Wider Uptake and Implementation of SUDS -- 8.5 Addressing Silos and Informational Gaps -- 8.6 Ways Forward for Increased SUDS Deployment -- References -- Chapter 9: Assessing the Potential of Regulating Ecosystem Services as Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Areas -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Regulating Ecosystem Services as Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Areas -- 9.2.1 Global Climate Regulation (Carbon Sequestration and Avoided Emissions) -- 9.2.2 Local Climate Regulation (Urban Temperature Regulation) -- 9.2.3 Air Quality Regulation (Air Pollution Removal) -- 9.3 The Case Study of Barcelona -- 9.3.1 Case Study Area -- 9.3.2 Data and Main Results -- 9.4 Synthesis and Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 10: Nature-Based Solutions and Buildings - The Power of Surfaces to Help Cities Adapt to Climate Change and to Deliver Biodiversity -- 10.1 Greening the Urban Market: Now We're Growing! -- 10.2 "Green" Versus "Grey" Solutions for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation -- 10.2.1 Extreme Weather - Excess Heat Events and Energy -- 10.2.2 Urban Flooding -- 10.2.3 Linkages Between Water and Energy -- 10.3 The Power of Surfaces - Changing the Urban Skin to Green -- 10.3.1 Multiple Benefits of Green Walls and Roofs -- 10.3.2 Green Building Technology as an Attractive Investment -- 10.3.3 Disservices of Green Building Technology -- 10.4 Technology Versus Biodiversity? Or Technology Delivering Biodiversity? -- 10.5 Nature Provides the Power to Re-wire the City -- References -- Project Links -- Part III: Health and Social Benefits of Nature-Based Solutions in Cities -- Chapter 11: Effects of Urban Green Space on Environmental Health, Equity and Resilience -- 11.1 Introduction. , 11.2 Pathways Linking Urban Green Space with Health and Well-Being -- 11.2.1 Improved Relaxation and Restoration -- 11.2.2 Improved Functioning of the Immune System -- 11.2.3 Enhanced Physical Activity and Improved Fitness -- 11.2.4 Improved Social Capital and Cohesion -- 11.3 Health Benefits of Green Space and Potential Health Risks -- 11.3.1 Improved Mental Health and Cognitive Function -- 11.3.2 Reduced Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality -- 11.3.3 Reduced Prevalence of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes -- 11.3.4 Improved Pregnancy Outcomes -- 11.3.5 Reduced Mortality and Increased Life Span -- 11.3.6 Potential Adverse Health Effects -- 11.4 Benefits in Disadvantaged Groups and Reduction of Health Inequality -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Urban Green Spaces and the Potential for Health Improvement and Environmental Justice in a Changing Climate -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 The Potential of Urban Green Spaces for Ecosystem Service Provision and Health Improvement -- 12.1.2 Unequal Distribution of Exposure to Health Threats in Urban Areas - An Issue of Environmental Justice -- 12.2 Links Between Urban Green Spaces, Health and Environmental Justice -- 12.2.1 Health Effects as Co-benefits of Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation from Urban Green Spaces -- 12.2.2 Health, Justice and the Link to Urban Green Spaces -- 12.3 Unequal Distribution of Urban Green Spaces as a Concern for Environmental Justice -- 12.3.1 Threshold Values for Urban Green Space Provision in Berlin -- 12.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: The Contribution of Nature-Based Solutions to Socially Inclusive Urban Development- Some Reflections from a Social-environmental Perspective -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Setting the Context: The Concept of NBS and the "Socio-environmental Nexus" in Cities. , 13.2.1 The Concept of NBS.
    Additional Edition: Print version: Kabisch, Nadja Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2017 ISBN 9783319537504
    Language: English
    Subjects: Engineering , Geography
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  • 9
    UID:
    almahu_9948148134902882
    Format: VIII, 313 p. 98 illus., 84 illus. in color. , online resource.
    ISBN: 9783319584126
    Series Statement: Advances in Volcanology,
    Content: This open access book summarizes the findings of the VUELCO project, a multi-disciplinary and cross-boundary research funded by the European Commission's 7th framework program. It comprises four broad topics: 1. The global significance of volcanic unrest 2. Geophysical and geochemical fingerprints of unrest and precursory activity 3. Magma dynamics leading to unrest phenomena 4. Bridging the gap between science and decision-making Volcanic unrest is a complex multi-hazard phenomenon. The fact that unrest may, or may not lead to an imminent eruption contributes significant uncertainty to short-term volcanic hazard and risk assessment. Although it is reasonable to assume that all eruptions are associated with precursory activity of some sort, the understanding of the causative links between subsurface processes, resulting unrest signals and imminent eruption is incomplete. When a volcano evolves from dormancy into a phase of unrest, important scientific, political and social questions need to be addressed. This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers of volcanic phenomena, professionals in volcanic hazard and risk assessment, observatory personnel, as well as emergency managers who wish to learn about the complex nature of volcanic unrest and how to utilize new findings to deal with unrest phenomena at scientific and emergency managing levels. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
    Note: Part 1 – Overview on volcanic unrest -- Significance of unrest -- Past experiences -- Part 2 - Geophysical and geochemical insights on unrest and precursory activity -- Volcano Seismology: detecting unrest in wiggly lines -- Volcano geodesy and multiparameter investigations -- Volcanic gases and low temperature volcanic fluids -- MONITORING CAPACITY: obvious and hidden problems -- Part 3 – Magma dynamics: Lessons from experiments and models -- Storage and ascent of magma -- Magma rejuvenation: Insights from numerical models -- Crystals, bubbles and melt: critical conduit processes revealed by numerical models -- Interaction between magma and hydrothermal system -- The magma laboratory: Constraining unrest mechanisms -- From unrest to eruption: Conditions for phreatic vs. magmatic activity -- Geochemical and isotopic investigations in the light of unrest -- Magma mixing as a prelude to unrest -- Part 4 – Bridging the gap between science and decision-making -- Legal governance -- A Warner paper incl Cost benefit -- Recognizing and tracking volcanic unrest: a probabilistic approach -- Probabilistic tools for hazard assessment and risk management -- Deterministic vs. probabilistic forecasts -- Perspective on global practices of communication and decision-makers’ needs -- Social resilience and compliance during unrest crises -- Outreach and education -- Volcanic Unrest Simulation Exercises – guidance for future exercises -- Glossary -- INDEX.
    In: Springer eBooks
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783319584119
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783319584133
    Language: English
    Subjects: Geography
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge :Cambridge University Press,
    UID:
    almafu_9959165589502883
    Format: 1 online resource (xi, 327 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-108-67051-2 , 1-108-64008-7
    Series Statement: Physical Sciences
    Content: Instabilities are present in all natural fluids from rivers to atmospheres. This book considers the physical processes that generate instability. Part I describes the normal mode instabilities most important in geophysical applications, including convection, shear instability and baroclinic instability. Classical analytical approaches are covered, while also emphasising numerical methods, mechanisms such as internal wave resonance, and simple `rules of thumb' that permit assessment of instability quickly and intuitively. Part II introduces the cutting edge: nonmodal instabilities, the relationship between instability and turbulence, self-organised criticality, and advanced numerical techniques. Featuring numerous exercises and projects, the book is ideal for advanced students and researchers wishing to understand flow instability and apply it to their own research. It can be used to teach courses in oceanography, atmospheric science, coastal engineering, applied mathematics and environmental science. Exercise solutions and MATLAB® examples are provided online. Also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 19 Apr 2019). , Cover -- Half-title page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Normal Mode Instabilities -- 1 Preliminaries -- 1.1 What Is Instability? -- 1.2 Goals -- 1.3 Tools -- 1.4 Numerical Solution of a Boundary Value Problem -- 1.5 The Equations of Motion -- 1.6 Further Reading -- 1.7 Appendix: A Closer Look at Perturbation Theory -- 2 Convective Instability -- 2.1 The Perturbation Equations -- 2.2 Simple Case: Inviscid, Nondiffusive, Unbounded Fluid -- 2.3 Viscous and Diffusive Effects -- 2.4 Boundary Effects: the Rayleigh-Benard Problem -- 2.5 Nonlinear Effects -- 2.6 Summary -- 2.7 Appendix: Waves and Convection in a Compressible Fluid -- 3 Instabilities of a Parallel Shear Flow -- 3.1 The Perturbation Equations -- 3.2 Rayleigh's Equation -- 3.3 Analytical Example: the Piecewise-Linear Shear Layer -- 3.4 Solution Types for Rayleigh's Equation -- 3.5 Numerical Solution of Rayleigh's Equation -- 3.6 Shear Scaling -- 3.7 Oblique Modes and Squire Transformations -- 3.8 Rules of Thumb for a General Shear Instability -- 3.9 Numerical Examples -- 3.10 Perturbation Energetics -- 3.11 Necessary Conditions for Instability -- 3.12 The Wave Resonance Mechanism of Shear Instability -- 3.13 Quantitative Analysis of Wave Resonance -- 3.14 Summary -- 3.15 Appendix: Classical Proof of the Rayleigh and Fjørtoft Theorems -- 3.16 Further Reading -- 4 Parallel Shear Flow: the Effects of Stratification -- 4.1 The Richardson Number -- 4.2 Equilibria and Perturbations -- 4.3 Oblique Modes -- 4.4 The Taylor-Goldstein Equation -- 4.5 Application to Internal Wave Phenomena -- 4.6 Analytical Examples of Instability in Stratified Shear Flows -- 4.7 The Miles-Howard Theorem -- 4.8 Howard's Semicircle Theorem -- 4.9 Energetics -- 4.10 Summary -- 4.11 Further Reading -- 4.12 Appendix: Veering Flows -- 4.13 Appendix: Spatial Growth. , 5 Parallel Shear Flow: the Effects of Viscosity -- 5.1 Conditions for Equilibrium -- 5.2 Conditions for Quasi-Equilibrium: the Frozen Flow Approximation -- 5.3 The Orr-Sommerfeld Equation -- 5.4 Boundary Conditions for Viscous Fluid -- 5.5 Numerical Solution of the Orr-Sommerfeld Equation -- 5.6 Oblique Modes -- 5.7 Shear Scaling and the Reynolds Number -- 5.8 Numerical Examples -- 5.9 Perturbation Energetics in Viscous Flow -- 5.10 Summary -- 6 Synthesis: Viscous, Diffusive, Inhomogeneous, Parallel Shear Flow -- 6.1 Expanding the Basic Equations -- 6.2 Numerical Solution -- 6.3 2D and Oblique Modes: Squire Transformations -- 6.4 Shear and Diffusion Scalings -- 6.5 Application: Instabilities of a Stably Stratified Shear Layer -- 6.6 Application: Analysis of Observational Data -- 6.7 Summary -- 6.8 Further Reading -- 7 Nonparallel Flow: Instabilities of a Cylindrical Vortex -- 7.1 Cyclostrophic Equilibrium -- 7.2 The Perturbation Equations -- 7.3 Barotropic Modes (m = 0) -- 7.4 Axisymmetric Modes (l = 0) -- 7.5 Analytical Example: the Rankine Vortex -- 7.6 Numerical Example: a Continuous Vortex -- 7.7 Wave Interactions in Barotropic Vortices -- 7.8 Mechanisms of Centrifugal and Convective Instabilities -- 7.9 Swirling Flows -- 7.10 Summary -- 7.11 Further Reading -- 8 Instability in a Rotating Environment -- 8.1 Frontal Zones -- 8.2 Geostrophic Equilibrium and the Thermal Wind Balance -- 8.3 The Perturbation Equations -- 8.4 Energetics -- 8.5 The Vertical Vorticity Equation -- 8.6 Analytical Solution #1: Inertial and Symmetric Instabilities -- 8.7 Analytical Solution #2: Baroclinic Instability -- 8.8 Numerical Solution Method -- 8.9 Instability in the Ageostrophic Regime -- 8.10 Summary -- 8.11 Further Reading -- 9 Convective Instability in Complex Fluids -- 9.1 Conditional Instability in a Moist Atmosphere or a Freezing Ocean. , 9.2 Double Diffusive Instabilities -- 9.3 Bioconvection -- 9.4 CO[sub(2)] Sequestration -- 10 Summary -- 10.1 Equilibrium States -- 10.2 Instabilities -- Part II The View Ahead -- 11 Beyond Normal Modes -- 11.1 Instability as an Initial Value Problem -- 11.2 Transient Growth in Simple Linear Systems -- 11.3 Computing the Optimal Initial Condition -- 11.4 Optimizing Growth at t = 0[sup(+)] -- 11.5 Growth at Short and Long Times: a Simple Example -- 11.6 Example: The Piecewise Shear Layer -- 11.7 Mechanics of Transient Growth in a Shear Layer -- 11.8 Generalizing the Inner Product -- 11.9 Summary -- 11.10 Appendix: Singular Value Decomposition -- 11.11 Further Reading -- 12 Instability and Turbulence -- 12.1 Secondary Instabilities and the Transition to Turbulence -- 12.2 Turbulence-Driven Instabilities -- 12.3 Cyclic Instability -- 12.4 Further Reading -- 13 Refining the Numerical Methods -- 13.1 Higher-Order Finite Differences -- 13.2 Finite Differences on an Adaptive Grid -- 13.3 Galerkin Methods -- 13.4 The Shooting Method -- 13.5 Generalizations -- 13.6 Further Reading -- Appendix A Homework Exercises -- Appendix B Projects -- References -- Index. , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-108-70301-1
    Language: English
    Subjects: Geography
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