Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Umfang: Online-Ressource (208 p)

ISBN: 9780309049412

Inhalt: Intro -- Effects Of Health Programs on Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- DISEASE- AND INTERVENTION-SPECIFIC FINDINGS -- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Trends in Mortality and Causes of Death in Africa -- TRENDS IN CHILD MORTALTY -- Data Collection and Estimation Techniques -- Current Levels of Mortality and Trends Since 1960 -- CAUSES OF DEATH AMONG AFRICAN CHILDREN -- Verbal Autopsies -- Studies of Causes of Death Among Infants and Children -- Effects of AIDS on Child Mortality -- SUMMARY -- 3 Immunization Programs -- MEASLES -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- VACCINE EFFICACY -- WHY AFRICA MIGHT BE DIFFERENT -- EVIDENCE OF MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY EFFECTS FROM AFRICA -- Effects of General Measles Immunization Programs -- Effects of Measles Vaccinationin Field Trials and Model Programs -- Vaccine Field Trial in Khombole, Senegal -- Kasongo Project in Zaire -- Pahou Primary Health Care Project, Benin -- Estimates of Effect from Cases of Vaccine Failure -- Effect of Programs on Incidence in Africa -- NONLINEARITIES IN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVERAGE AND EFFECT -- Vaccination and Frequency of Epidemics -- Effect of Vaccination on Age Distribution of Cases -- Changes in the Proportion of Secondary Cases -- Other Factors -- PROGRAM HISTORY, COVERAGE, AND QUALITY -- TREATMENT OF MEASLES (INCLUDING VITAMIN A) -- SUMMARY -- PERTUSSIS (WHOOPING COUGH) -- PERTUSSIS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES -- Epidemiology -- Vaccine Efficacy -- PERTUSSIS IN AFRICA -- Epidemiology -- Vaccine Efficacy -- PROGRAM EFFORT -- SUMMARY -- TUBERCULOSIS AND LEPROSY -- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS -- PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS -- EFFICACY OF BACILLE CALMETTE-GUÉRIN (BCG) VACCINATION -- BCG Efficacy Against Tuberculosis in Africa -- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LEPROSY -- PROGRAM COVERAGE -- SUMMARY -- TETANUS -- EPIDEMIOLOGY.

Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record , ""Effects Of Health Programs on Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa""; ""Copyright""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Executive Summary""; ""DISEASE- AND INTERVENTION-SPECIFIC FINDINGS""; ""GENERAL CONCLUSIONS""; ""1 Introduction""; ""2 Trends in Mortality and Causes of Death in Africa""; ""TRENDS IN CHILD MORTALTY""; ""Data Collection and Estimation Techniques""; ""Current Levels of Mortality and Trends Since 1960""; ""CAUSES OF DEATH AMONG AFRICAN CHILDREN""; ""Verbal Autopsies""; ""Studies of Causes of Death Among Infants and Children""; ""Effects of AIDS on Child Mortality""; ""SUMMARY"" , ""3 Immunization Programs""""MEASLES""; ""EPIDEMIOLOGY""; ""VACCINE EFFICACY""; ""WHY AFRICA MIGHT BE DIFFERENT""; ""EVIDENCE OF MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY EFFECTS FROM AFRICA""; ""Effects of General Measles Immunization Programs""; ""Effects of Measles Vaccinationin Field Trials and Model Programs""; ""Vaccine Field Trial in Khombole, Senegal""; ""Kasongo Project in Zaire""; ""Pahou Primary Health Care Project, Benin""; ""Estimates of Effect from Cases of Vaccine Failure""; ""Effect of Programs on Incidence in Africa""; ""NONLINEARITIES IN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVERAGE AND EFFECT"" , ""Vaccination and Frequency of Epidemics""""Effect of Vaccination on Age Distribution of Cases""; ""Changes in the Proportion of Secondary Cases""; ""Other Factors""; ""PROGRAM HISTORY, COVERAGE, AND QUALITY""; ""TREATMENT OF MEASLES (INCLUDING VITAMIN A)""; ""SUMMARY""; ""PERTUSSIS (WHOOPING COUGH)""; ""PERTUSSIS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES""; ""Epidemiology""; ""Vaccine Efficacy""; ""PERTUSSIS IN AFRICA""; ""Epidemiology""; ""Vaccine Efficacy""; ""PROGRAM EFFORT""; ""SUMMARY""; ""TUBERCULOSIS AND LEPROSY""; ""EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS""; ""PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS"" , ""EFFICACY OF BACILLE CALMETTE-GUÃ?RIN (BCG) VACCINATION""""BCG Efficacy Against Tuberculosis in Africa""; ""EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LEPROSY""; ""PROGRAM COVERAGE""; ""SUMMARY""; ""TETANUS""; ""EPIDEMIOLOGY""; ""PROGRAMS TO REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF NEONATAL TETANUS""; ""Incidence of Neonatal Tetanus Among Hospital Deliveries""; ""Evidence of the Effect of Training of Traditional Birth Attendants""; ""Evidence of the Effect of Programs that Provide Tetanus Toxoid Immunization to Women""; ""PROGRAM COVERAGE""; ""PROGRAMS TO REDUCE NONNEONATAL TETANUS MORTALITY""; ""SUMMARY""; ""CONCLUSION"" , ""4 Other Interventions Targeted at Single Diseases""""DIARRHEAL DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAMS""; ""EPIDEMIOLOGY""; ""TREATMENT""; ""SUMMARY""; ""MALARIA CONTROL PROGRAMS""; ""EPIDEMIOLOGY""; ""MALARIA MORTALITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA""; ""PROGRAM OPTIONS""; ""STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF MALARIA ERADICATION ON MORTALITY""; ""Pare-Taveta Malaria Scheme (1954-1959)""; ""Kisumu Project""; ""Garki Project""; ""PRESUMPTIVE TREATMENT OF FEVERS WITH ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS""; ""Studies of the Effect of Programs Designed to Increase PresumptiveTreatment of Fevers with Chloroquine"" , ""Saradidi Health Development Project""

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309585866

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309049412

Weitere Ausg.: Print version Effects of Health Programs on Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

UID:

Umfang: Online-Ressource (224 p)

ISBN: 9780309048972

Inhalt: SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF ADOLESCENT FERTILITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -- POPULATION DYNAMICS OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- CHANGES IN TWO CONFIGURATIONS OF ADOLESCENT FERTILITY -- ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR EXPLAINING CHANGE IN ADOLESCENT FERTILITY -- OUR APPROACH: SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON THE OUTCOMES OF ADOLESCENT FERTILITY -- PLAN OF THE REPORT -- 2 Levels and Trends in Adolescent Fertility -- LEVELS OF EDUCATION, SEXUAL EXPERIENCE, MARRIAGE, FERTILITY, AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG ADOLESCENTS -- TRENDS IN EDUCATION, MARRIAGE, AND FERTILITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS -- Education -- Marriage -- Fertility -- PUTTING THE INDICATORS TOGETHER -- Group 1 -- Group 2 -- Group 3 -- CONCLUSION -- 3 Marriage: New Forms, New Ambiguities -- CUSTOMARY" MARRIAGE IN AFRICA -- Bridewealth -- Participation of Kin -- Polygyny -- Problems in Defining Customary Marriage -- Variance in Marital Forms -- Marriage as a Process -- EFFECTS OF AMBIGUOUS MARITAL STATUS ON LEGITIMATE REPRODUCTION -- CHANGES IN MARRIAGE IN CONTEMPORARY AFRICA -- Economics -- New Legislation -- Religion: Islam and Christianity -- Education -- Urbanization -- EFFECT OF THESE CHANGES ON MARRIAGE -- EFFECTS OF MARITAL CHANGES ON PREMARITAL SEXUALITY AND REPRODUCTION -- 4 Reproductive Entitlement: The Social Context of Fertility and Parenthood -- THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF MARRIAGE AND REPRODUCTION -- THE VALUE OF CHILDREN -- REPRODUCTION WITHIN THE SEQUENCE OF LIFE EVENTS -- EARNING REPRODUCTIVE ENTITLEMENT -- THE BOUNDARIES OF ADOLESCENT SEXUALITY -- THE REGULATION OF PATERNITY -- CHANGES IN ADOLESCENT SEXUALITY AND REPRODUCTION -- New Patterns of Male Sexuality and Reproduction -- New Pressures on Women -- CHANGES IN UNSANCTIONED BIRTHS -- 5 Education and Adolescent Fertility -- THE "CULTURE" OF FORMAL EDUCATION: AN EXAMPLE FROM SIERRA LEONE.

Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record , ""SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF ADOLESCENT FERTILITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA""; ""POPULATION DYNAMICS OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA""; ""Copyright""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Executive Summary""; ""1 Introduction ""; ""CHANGES IN TWO CONFIGURATIONS OF ADOLESCENT FERTILITY""; ""ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR EXPLAINING CHANGE IN ADOLESCENT FERTILITY""; ""OUR APPROACH: SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON THE OUTCOMES OF ADOLESCENT FERTILITY""; ""PLAN OF THE REPORT""; ""2 Levels and Trends in Adolescent Fertility ""; ""LEVELS OF EDUCATION, SEXUAL EXPERIENCE, MARRIAGE, FERTILITY, AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG ADOLESCENTS"" , ""TRENDS IN EDUCATION, MARRIAGE, AND FERTILITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS""""Education""; ""Marriage""; ""Fertility""; ""PUTTING THE INDICATORS TOGETHER""; ""Group 1""; ""Group 2""; ""Group 3""; ""CONCLUSION""; ""3 Marriage: New Forms, New Ambiguities ""; """"CUSTOMARY"" MARRIAGE IN AFRICA""; ""Bridewealth""; ""Participation of Kin""; ""Polygyny""; ""Problems in Defining Customary Marriage""; ""Variance in Marital Forms""; ""Marriage as a Process""; ""EFFECTS OF AMBIGUOUS MARITAL STATUS ON LEGITIMATE REPRODUCTION""; ""CHANGES IN MARRIAGE IN CONTEMPORARY AFRICA""; ""Economics""; ""New Legislation"" , ""Religion: Islam and Christianity""""Education""; ""Urbanization""; ""EFFECT OF THESE CHANGES ON MARRIAGE""; ""EFFECTS OF MARITAL CHANGES ON PREMARITAL SEXUALITY AND REPRODUCTION""; ""4 Reproductive Entitlement: The Social Context of Fertility and Parenthood ""; ""THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF MARRIAGE AND REPRODUCTION""; ""THE VALUE OF CHILDREN""; ""REPRODUCTION WITHIN THE SEQUENCE OF LIFE EVENTS""; ""EARNING REPRODUCTIVE ENTITLEMENT""; ""THE BOUNDARIES OF ADOLESCENT SEXUALITY""; ""THE REGULATION OF PATERNITY""; ""CHANGES IN ADOLESCENT SEXUALITY AND REPRODUCTION"" , ""New Patterns of Male Sexuality and Reproduction""""New Pressures on Women""; ""CHANGES IN UNSANCTIONED BIRTHS""; ""5 Education and Adolescent Fertility ""; ""THE ""CULTURE"" OF FORMAL EDUCATION: AN EXAMPLE FROM SIERRA LEONE""; ""LEVELS AND TRENDS IN FORMAL EDUCATION""; ""EDUCATIONAL INFLUENCES ON ADOLESCENT FERTILITY""; ""WHY DO SCHOOLGIRLS BECOME PREGNANT?""; ""EFFECTS OF ADOLESCENT FERTILITY ON EDUCATION""; ""CONCLUSION""; ""6 Early Work, Training, and Preparation for Adulthood ""; ""ADOLESCENT LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION""; ""What Do Adolescents Do?""; ""Farming""; ""Wage Labor"" , ""Trade Apprenticeships""""The Urban Informal Sector and Self-Employment""; ""PATTERNS OF FEMALE EMPLOYMENT""; ""DISCUSSION""; ""FERTILITY AND TRAINING OUTSIDE SCHOOLING""; ""Women's Trade Apprenticeships""; ""Fostering and Home Training""; ""Variations on the Theme of Training and Fertility""; ""Secluded Female Industry""; ""Eastern Versus Western African Trade Apprenticeships""; ""Rice Farming""; ""Generational Exchanges: Training for Labor""; ""CONCLUSION""; ""7 Consequences of Adolescent Sexuality and Childbearing for Mothers and Children "" , ""HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF ADOLESCENT FERTILITY""

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309585538

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309048972

Weitere Ausg.: Print version Social Dynamics of Adolescent Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

UID:

Umfang: Online-Ressource (72 p)

ISBN: 9780309044813

Inhalt: PAY NOW OR PAY LATER: CONTROLLING COST OF OWNERSHIP FROM DESIGN THROUGHOUT THE SERVICE LIFE OF PUBLIC… -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Contents -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 LIFE-CYCLE COST AND ITS CONTROL -- WHY CONSIDER LIFE-CYCLE COST? -- IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS -- LIFE-CYCLE COST MANAGEMENT -- RELATIONSHIP OF PLANNING AND DESIGN CRITERIA AND LIFE-CYCLE COST -- REFERENCES -- 3 OBSTACLES TO LIFE-CYCLE COST CONTROL -- DATA AND PROCEDURAL OBSTACLES -- INSTITUTIONAL OBSTACLES -- MANAGEMENT OBSTACLES -- REFERENCES -- 4 GOVERNMENT FACILITIES AND LIFE-CYCLE COSTS -- GOVERNMENT POLICIES RECOGNIZING LIFE-CYCLE COST AND ANALYSIS -- GOVERNMENT POLICIES CONFLICTING WITH LIFE-CYCLE COST CONTROL -- IMPROVING THE LIKELIHOOD OF SUCCESS: THE CASE OF HIGHWAY PAVEMENT AND BRIDGE MANAGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- 5 CONTROLLING LIFE-CYCLE COSTS OF OWNERSHIP -- USING GUIDE CRITERIA TO ACHIEVE LIFE-CYCLE COST CONTROL -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BROADER ACTION -- Life-Cycle Cost Management as a Basic Policy -- Explicit Design Alternatives -- Value Engineering for Life-Cycle Cost -- Life-Cycle Management Manuals -- Education and Training -- Life-Cycle Cost Management Systems -- High-Level Accountability -- CONCLUSION: THE PAYOFFS -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX A GLOSSARY -- APPENDIX B BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND STAFF -- STAFF -- APPENDIX C OVERVIEW OF LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS PROCEDURE -- THE BASIC PREMISE -- UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS -- THE ANALYSIS PROCESS -- APPLICATIONS -- REFERENCE -- APPENDIX D ISSUES ADDRESSED BY A BUILDING LIFE-CYCLE COST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM -- LEGISLATIVE LEVEL -- ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL -- TECHNICAL LEVEL.

Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record , ""PAY NOW OR PAY LATER: CONTROLLING COST OF OWNERSHIP FROM DESIGN THROUGHOUT THE SERVICE LIFE OF PUBLIC�""; ""Copyright""; ""PREFACE""; ""EXECUTIVE SUMMARY""; ""Contents""; ""1 INTRODUCTION""; ""2 LIFE-CYCLE COST AND ITS CONTROL ""; ""WHY CONSIDER LIFE-CYCLE COST?""; ""IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS""; ""LIFE-CYCLE COST MANAGEMENT""; ""RELATIONSHIP OF PLANNING AND DESIGN CRITERIA AND LIFE-CYCLE COST""; ""REFERENCES""; ""3 OBSTACLES TO LIFE-CYCLE COST CONTROL""; ""DATA AND PROCEDURAL OBSTACLES""; ""INSTITUTIONAL OBSTACLES""; ""MANAGEMENT OBSTACLES""; ""REFERENCES"" , ""4 GOVERNMENT FACILITIES AND LIFE-CYCLE COSTS""""GOVERNMENT POLICIES RECOGNIZING LIFE-CYCLE COST AND ANALYSIS""; ""GOVERNMENT POLICIES CONFLICTING WITH LIFE-CYCLE COST CONTROL""; ""IMPROVING THE LIKELIHOOD OF SUCCESS: THE CASE OF HIGHWAY PAVEMENT AND BRIDGE MANAGEMENT""; ""REFERENCES""; ""5 CONTROLLING LIFE-CYCLE COSTS OF OWNERSHIP""; ""USING GUIDE CRITERIA TO ACHIEVE LIFE-CYCLE COST CONTROL""; ""RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BROADER ACTION""; ""Life-Cycle Cost Management as a Basic Policy""; ""Explicit Design Alternatives""; ""Value Engineering for Life-Cycle Cost""; ""Life-Cycle Management Manuals"" , ""Education and Training""""Life-Cycle Cost Management Systems""; ""High-Level Accountability""; ""CONCLUSION: THE PAYOFFS""; ""REFERENCES""; ""APPENDIX A GLOSSARY""; ""APPENDIX B BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND STAFF""; ""STAFF""; ""APPENDIX C OVERVIEW OF LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS PROCEDURE""; ""THE BASIC PREMISE""; ""UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS""; ""THE ANALYSIS PROCESS""; ""APPLICATIONS""; ""REFERENCE""; ""APPENDIX D ISSUES ADDRESSED BY A BUILDING LIFE-CYCLE COST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM""; ""LEGISLATIVE LEVEL""; ""ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL""; ""TECHNICAL LEVEL""

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309583213

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309044813

Weitere Ausg.: Print version Pay Now or Pay Later : Controlling Cost of Ownership from Design Throughout the Service Life of Public Buildings

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

UID:

Umfang: Online-Ressource (272 p)

ISBN: 9780309049443

Inhalt: Intro -- FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SUB-SAHARANAFRICA -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- KEY ISSUES -- FINDINGS -- 1 Introduction -- THE CONTRACEPTIVE REVOLUTION IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD -- CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -- Historical Factors Leading to High Fertility -- Family Planning Initiatives -- Potential Effect of AIDS on Contraceptive Use -- Implications of the Rise in Contraceptive Use -- LEVELS OF SOCIOECONOMIC ORGANIZATION AFFECTING CONTRACEPTIVE USE -- National Level -- Regional Level -- Community, Kinship, and Household -- Individual Level -- ORGANIZATION OF REPORT -- 2 Levels and Trends in Contraceptive Use -- SOURCES OF DATA ON CONTRACEPTIVE USE -- DEFINITION OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE -- PREVALENCE OF CURRENT CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SELECTED COUNTRIES -- Results from Demographic and Health Surveys Conducted from 1986 to 1990 -- Results of WFS, CPS, and Other Surveys, 1975-1990 -- Trends in Modern Contraceptive Prevalence -- Differentials in Use -- Reason for Use: Spacing Versus Limiting -- OTHER INDICATORS RELATED TO CONTRACEPTIVE PRACTICE -- Ever Use of a Modern Method -- Discontinuation -- Knowledge of a Modern Contraceptive Method -- Sources of Modern Contraceptive Methods -- Fertility Preferences -- RESULTS FROM MALE SURVEYS -- CONCLUSION -- 3 The Socioeconomic Context -- SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS OF FERTILITY -- National-Level Relationships -- Mortality -- Educational Attainment of Adults -- Schooling of Children: The Quantity-Quality Trade-Off -- The Combined Relation of Per Capita Income, Mortality, Education, and Fertility -- Household-Level Research -- EVIDENCE ON CHANGES IN CHILD MORTALITY -- Links to Fertility -- EVIDENCE ON CHANGES IN THE QUANTITY-QUALITY TRADE-OFF -- Opportunity Costs of Schooling -- Direct Costs -- Perceived Benefits of Schooling.

Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record , ""FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SUB-SAHARANAFRICA""; ""Copyright""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Executive Summary""; ""KEY ISSUES""; ""FINDINGS""; ""1 Introduction ""; ""THE CONTRACEPTIVE REVOLUTION IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD""; ""CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA""; ""Historical Factors Leading to High Fertility""; ""Family Planning Initiatives""; ""Potential Effect of AIDS on Contraceptive Use""; ""Implications of the Rise in Contraceptive Use""; ""LEVELS OF SOCIOECONOMIC ORGANIZATION AFFECTING CONTRACEPTIVE USE""; ""National Level""; ""Regional Level"" , ""Community, Kinship, and Household""""Individual Level""; ""ORGANIZATION OF REPORT""; ""2 Levels and Trends in Contraceptive Use ""; ""SOURCES OF DATA ON CONTRACEPTIVE USE""; ""DEFINITION OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE""; ""PREVALENCE OF CURRENT CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SELECTED COUNTRIES""; ""Results from Demographic and Health Surveys Conducted from 1986 to 1990""; ""Results of WFS, CPS, and Other Surveys, 1975�1990""; ""Trends in Modern Contraceptive Prevalence""; ""Differentials in Use""; ""Reason for Use: Spacing Versus Limiting""; ""OTHER INDICATORS RELATED TO CONTRACEPTIVE PRACTICE"" , ""Ever Use of a Modern Method""""Discontinuation""; ""Knowledge of a Modern Contraceptive Method""; ""Sources of Modern Contraceptive Methods""; ""Fertility Preferences""; ""RESULTS FROM MALE SURVEYS""; ""CONCLUSION""; ""3 The Socioeconomic Context ""; ""SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS OF FERTILITY""; ""National-Level Relationships""; ""Mortality""; ""Educational Attainment of Adults""; ""Schooling of Children: The Quantity-Quality Trade-Off""; ""The Combined Relation of Per Capita Income, Mortality, Education, and Fertility""; ""Household-Level Research"" , ""EVIDENCE ON CHANGES IN CHILD MORTALITY""""Links to Fertility""; ""EVIDENCE ON CHANGES IN THE QUANTITY-QUALITY TRADE-OFF""; ""Opportunity Costs of Schooling""; ""Direct Costs""; ""Perceived Benefits of Schooling""; ""ECONOMIC STAGNATION AND ADJUSTMENT: EFFECTS ON FERTILITY""; ""Access to Education and Health""; ""Consequences for Human Capital Investment""; ""Summary""; ""CONCLUSION""; ""4 The Household, Kinship, and Community Context ""; ""THE HIGH-FERTILITY RATIONALE: AN OVERVIEW""; ""LINEAGE AND DESCENT""; ""The Predominant View of African Lineages and Descent"" , ""Distinction Between Patrilineal and Matrilineal Societies""""An Alternative Perspective""; ""Summary of the Implications of Lineage Orientation""; ""KIN NETWORKS AND CHILD FOSTERING""; ""Child Fostering""; ""Fostering of Young Children""; ""Fostering of Older Children""; ""Summary of the Implications of Child Fostering""; ""THE CONJUGAL BOND""; ""Separate Residence""; ""Separate Economic Responsibilities and Resources""; ""Evidence for Emotional Nucleation""; ""Implications of the Weak Conjugal Bond""; ""PROSPECTS FOR CHANGE""; ""Land""; ""Schooling and Child Costs"" , ""Economic Crises and Their Aftermath""

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309585927

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309049443

Weitere Ausg.: Print version Factors Affecting Contraceptive Use in Sub-Saharan Africa

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (341 pages)

ISBN: 9780309596350

Inhalt: Alternative Technologies for the Destruction of Chemical Agents and Munitions -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- REQUIREMENTS AND CONSIDERATIONS -- CHARACTERISTICS OF ALTERNATIVE DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES -- Low-Temperature, Low-Pressure, Liquid-Phase Detoxification -- Low-Temperature, Low-Pressure, Liquid-Phase Oxidation -- Moderate-Temperature, High-Pressure Oxidation -- High-Temperature, Low-Pressure Pyrolysis -- High-Temperature, Low-Pressure Oxidation -- WASTE STREAM HANDLING -- Gas Effluents -- Treated Metal Parts and Containers -- Salts -- Liquid Wastes -- STRATEGIES AND SYSTEM IMPLICATIONS FOR DEMILITARIZATION -- Afterburners -- GENERAL OBSERVATIONS -- 1 Introduction -- THE U.S. CHEMICAL STOCKPILE DISPOSAL PROGRAM -- RISK AND COMMUNITY CONCERNS -- ALTERNATIVE DEMILITARIZATION SYSTEMS -- TRANSPORTATION OF UNTREATED WEAPONS AND AGENTS -- PRIMARY GOALS AND STRATEGIES FOR DEMILITARIZATION -- SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY -- 2 The U.S. Chemical Weapons Stockpile -- DESCRIPTION OF THE AGENTS -- Toxicity of the Agents -- DESCRIPTION OF THE MUNITIONS -- GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE STOCKPILE -- SUMMARY -- 3 U.S. and Foreign Experience with Chemical Weapons Destruction -- U.S. CHEMICAL DEMILITARIZATION EXPERIENCE -- CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT DESTRUCTION IN OTHER COUNTRIES -- SUMMARY -- 4 Requirements and Considerations for Chemical Demilitarization Technologies -- CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AGENTS AND THEIR BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS -- WASTE STREAMS IN CHEMICAL WEAPONS DESTRUCTION -- PROCESSING RATES -- PERFORMANCE STANDARDS -- Worker Standards -- Air Quality Standards -- Liquid Wastes -- Solid Wastes -- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ASSESSING UNTESTED ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES -- Decontamination Standards -- Chlorinated Dioxins -- MONITORING -- EFFLUENT RETENTION TIME REQUIREMENTS.

Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309049467

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9780309049467

Sprache: Englisch

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (528 pages)

ISBN: 9780309561921

Inhalt: Minding the Helm -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- BACKGROUND -- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STUDY -- SCOPE OF STUDY -- REPORT ORGANIZATION -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- INTRODUCTION -- Overview of Marine Navigation and Piloting -- Synopsis of Major Findings and Recommendations -- RISK IN THE MARINE OPERATING ENVIRONMENT -- Major Findings -- Summary Recommendations -- HUMAN SYSTEMS -- Major Findings -- Summary Recommendations -- MARINE PILOTAGE -- Major Findings -- Pilotage Practice -- Pilotage Standards -- Jurisdiction and Licensing -- Pilotage of Coastwise Tugs and Tows -- Summary Recommendations -- Standards -- Jurisdiction and Licensing -- Coastwise Tugs and Tows -- WATERWAYS MANAGEMENT -- Major Findings -- Port-State Control -- Marine Traffic Regulation -- Summary Recommendations -- Port-State Control -- Marine Traffic Regulation -- NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY -- Major Findings -- Introduction of New Technology and Performance Criteria -- Hydrographic and Topographic Data -- Positioning Systems -- Integrated Bridge and Control Systems -- Traditional Aids to Navigation -- Summary Recommendations -- Introduction of New Technology -- Institutional Considerations -- Hydrographic and Topographic Data -- Positioning Systems -- Traditional Aids to Navigation -- MARITIME RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- Major Findings -- Summary Recommendations -- 1 The Marine Navigation and Piloting System -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- PILOTAGE -- VESSEL AND WATERWAY SYSTEMS -- Port and Waterway Design and Operation -- Waterways Management -- Marine Traffic Regulation -- Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) -- Traffic Control Issues -- Port-State Versus Flag-State Control -- Economic Versus Social Regulation -- HUMAN SYSTEMS -- Shiphandling Skills -- Masters -- Deck Officers -- Bridge Team Support -- TECHNOLOGY.

Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309048293

Weitere Ausg.: Print version Minding the helm

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe National Research Council (USA). Committee on Advances in Navigation and Piloting Minding the helm Washington, D.C : National Academy Press, 1995 ISBN 030904829X

Sprache: Englisch

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Volltext

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (230 pages)

ISBN: 9780309584333

Inhalt: Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- PART I OVERVIEW -- 1 The Grazinglands of Northern China: Ecology, Society, and Land Use -- THE NORTHEAST -- INNER MONGOLIA -- GANSU AND QINGHAI -- XINJIANG -- POLICY AND LAND USE IN NORTHERN CHINA -- HUMAN IMPACT ON THE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Part II Chinese Literature on Grassland Studies -- 2 Northern China -- GEOLOGY -- CLIMATE -- VEGETATION -- PROBLEMS OF THE NORTHERN CHINA GRASSLANDS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTECTION AND USE OF NORTH CHINA RANGELANDS -- REFERENCES -- 3 The Northeast -- INTRODUCTION: THE FOREST STEPPE -- CLIMATE -- HUMAN SETTLEMENT -- SOIL CONDITIONS AND PRODUCTIVITY -- GRAZING PRACTICES -- DESERTIFICATION CONTROL -- RESEARCH NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 4 Xilingele -- THE XILINGELE GRASSLAND -- HUMAN IMPACT -- HISTORY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH -- GRASSLAND RESEARCH -- CURRENT PROBLEMS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES -- REFERENCES -- 5 Central Inner Mongolia -- SURVEYS OF GRASSLAND RESOURCES -- HERBAGE RESOURCES AND FORAGE GRASS BREEDING -- CULTIVATION OF FORAGE GRASSES AND HERBAGE CROPS -- GRASSLAND PRODUCTION AND RANGE MANAGEMENT -- Grassland Protection -- Grassland Machinery -- Grassland Farming Systems -- DYNAMICS AND ECOLOGICAL STABILITY OF GRASSLAND COMMUNITY -- REFERENCES -- 6 Gansu and Qinghai -- SURVEYS, STANDARDS, AND CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES -- GRASSLAND AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM -- RECLAMATION OF SALINIZED LANDS -- PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRIENT CYCLING -- PESTS AND PATHOLOGY -- MODELING -- FORAGE AND FEED -- NEW APPROACHES -- REFERENCES -- 7 Xinjiang -- VEGETATION AND CLIMATE -- GRASSLAND TYPES AND UTILIZATION -- LIMITING FACTORS -- ELEMENTS OF DISEQUILIBRIUM -- PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVED MANAGEMENT AND USE -- REFERENCES -- 8 Social Sciences.

Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309046848

Weitere Ausg.: Print version Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Grasslands and grassland sciences in Northern China Washington, D.C : National Academy Press, 1992 ISBN 030904684X

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): China ; Grünland ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Volltext

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (172 pages)

ISBN: 9780309598026

Inhalt: Shiphandling Simulation -- Copyright -- Preface -- BACKGROUND -- NRC STUDY -- REPORT ORGANIZATION -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- DOES SIMULATION WORK? -- WHEN SHOULD SIMULATION BE USED? -- HOW CAN SIMULATION BE ENHANCED AS A DESIGN AID? -- SUGGESTED RESEARCH -- 1 Introduction -- WATERWAY MODERNIZATION -- Port Development -- Water Resources Policy -- ROLE OF SIMULATION IN WATERWAY MODERNIZATION -- 2 Waterway Design Process -- THE DESIGN CHALLENGE -- DESIGN ISSUES -- Technical Issues -- Acceptable Levels of Risk -- Institutional Issues -- DESIGN PROCEDURES -- DESIGN TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES -- Depth -- Width -- Navigational Aids -- Environmental Data and Civil Engineering -- Design Vessel -- SUMMARY -- 3 Use of Simulation in Waterway Design -- RELATIONSHIP OF PILOTING TO SIMULATION -- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SIMULATORS AND THE DESIGN PROCESS -- SUMMARY -- 4 Shiphandling Simulators -- COMPUTER-BASED MODEL FOR SHIP BEHAVIOR -- Specific Components of Fast-Time Simulations -- Specific Components of Real-Time Simulators -- Visual presentation -- Controls -- Fidelity -- Man-in-the-loop -- LEVEL OF SIMULATION -- SUMMARY -- 5 Mathematical Models -- SELECTING AND IDENTIFYING THE SIMULATION MODEL -- WATERWAY BATHYMETRY -- WATERWAY ENVIRONMENT -- MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF SHIP DYNAMICS -- COMPONENTS OF THE FORCES SYSTEM -- Deepwater Factors -- Unrestricted Shallow Water -- Restricted Shallow Water -- Rudder-Propeller System -- Model of Propulsion and Steering Systems -- SUMMARY -- 6 Assessment of Simulator Technology and Results -- ACCURACY -- CRITIQUE OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING TECHNOLOGY -- CRITIQUE OF PILOTAGE MODELING TECHNOLOGY -- VALIDATION -- INTERPRETING THE RESULTS -- SUMMARY -- 7 Simulator Application in Harbor and Waterway Design -- CASE STUDY RESULTS -- 8 Research Needs -- GAPS IN THE STATE OF PRACTICE -- FUTURE RESEARCH.

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Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309043380

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9780309043380

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books

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Umfang: 1 online resource (334 pages)

ISBN: 9780309597845

Inhalt: STAR 21 -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- INTRODUCTION: THE FUTURE ENVIRONMENT (CHAPTER 1) -- SYSTEM APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES (CHAPTER 2) -- Systems to Win the Information War -- Integrated Support for the Soldier -- Systems to Enhance Combat Power and Mobility -- Air and Ballistic Missile Defense -- Systems for Combat Services Support -- High-Payoff System Concepts -- TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS AND FORECASTS (CHAPTER 3) -- Long-Term Forecast of Research -- Computer Science, Robotics, and Artificial Intelligence TFA -- Electronics and Sensors TFA -- Optics, Photonics, and Directed Energy TFA -- Biotechnology and Biochemistry TFA -- Advanced Materials TFA -- Propulsion and Power TFA -- Advanced Manufacturing TFA -- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences TFA -- ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IMPORTANT TO THE ARMY (CHAPTER 4) -- TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY (CHAPTER 5) -- Strategic Focus for Technology Management -- Implementation Policy -- The Army's In-house R&D Infrastructure -- The Army's Concept-Based Requirements System (CBRS) -- IMPLICATIONS FOR FORCE STRUCTURE AND STRATEGY (CHAPTER 6) -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (CHAPTER 7) -- 1 Introduction -- STAR STUDY OBJECTIVES -- CHALLENGES FOR THE ARMY IN THE NEXT CENTURY -- The Defense Environment After Desert Storm -- Principal Influences on Technology in the Next Decades -- Number and Source of Future Technology Options -- The Changing Military Obligations of the Army -- Diminishing Funds for Advanced Technology -- Technology Program Consolidation -- Globalization of Commerce -- CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THREATS -- CHARACTERISTICS THE ARMY WILL NEED -- A STAR VISION OF THE FUTURE -- 2 System Applications of Advanced Technologies -- INTRODUCTION -- SYSTEMS TO WIN THE INFORMATION WAR -- Key System to Win the Information War -- General Comments -- The Role of Sensors.

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Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309046299

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9780309046299

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books

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Umfang: 1 online resource (104 pages)

ISBN: 9780309583800

Inhalt: United States Antarctic Research -- Copyright -- Introduction -- Contents -- National Committee and Operating Organization Information -- U.S. NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR ANTARCTIC RESEARCH -- U.S. NATIONAL OPERATING AGENCY -- Map of Stations -- Locations of U.S. Antarctic Research Stations [See Maps A and B] -- PERMANENT YEAR ROUND STATIONS [MAP A] -- SUMMER ONLY STATIONS [MAP A] -- UNOCCUPIED STATIONS [MAP A] -- MCMURDO AREA REFUGES AND SURVIVAL CACHES [MAP B] -- Permanent Stations, Regular Observations, and Long-Term Monitoring -- MCMURDO (ELEVATION: 24 M COORDINATES: 77°55'S, 166°39'E) -- PALMER (ELEVATION: 7.5 M COORDINATES: 64°46'S, 64°05'W) -- SOUTH POLE (ELEVATION: 2800 M COORDINATE: 90°S) -- MULTI-STATION PROGRAMS -- Highlights of Science Activities 1 April 1989-31 March 1990 -- ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES -- Astronomy -- Ozone-Depletion Studies -- BIOLOGY -- Biological Effects of UV Radiation -- Environmental Impacts of Oil -- Ecosystems in Dry Valley Lakes -- GEOLOGY AND SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS -- West Antarctica and Gondwanaland -- GLACIOLOGY -- Ice Cores and Climate Change -- Permits and Rationale for Entry into Specially Protected Areas (Spas) and Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) -- Prospectus Of Planned Activities 1 April 1990-31 March 1991 -- ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES -- Ozone-Depletion Studies -- Polar stratospheric clouds at the South Pole -- Springtime measurements of ozone-related compounds in the antarctic stratosphere -- Investigation of polar stratospheric aerosols and their relation to the ozone hole -- Antarctic ozone profiles: Palmer Station -- Climate Studies -- Chlorine-and bromine-containing trace gases in the Antarctic -- Global monitoring for climatic change -- Lidar experiment at South Pole -- Atmospheric halos and ice crystals -- Climate studies at the South Pole.

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Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 9780309046268

Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9780309046268

Sprache: Englisch

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)