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  • Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein  (490)
  • HWR Berlin
  • AFZ
  • Polnisches Institut
  • Stiftung Fürst-Pückler-Museum
  • SB Doberlug-Kirchhain
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  • Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 〈Hanover, NH〉  (490)
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  • Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein  (490)
  • HWR Berlin
  • AFZ
  • Polnisches Institut
  • Stiftung Fürst-Pückler-Museum
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  • 1
    Buch
    Buch
    Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography; Part II: Survey of Pease Air Force Base, Portsmouth, New Hampshire (1975)
    Hanover, N.H. : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ122965
    Umfang: iii, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 338
    Inhalt: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Discussion of heat loss survey of six housing units. - Survey of base facilities. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Inhalt: During the winter of 1973-74 a mobile infrared thermography system was used to survey housing units and base facilities at Pease Air Force Base, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. This report provides both qualitative and quantitative evidence regarding heat flow out of the eave vents of these housing units. Calculations indicate that a significant amount of heat is being lost in this manner due to inadequate attic (cap) insulation. Possible evidence of incomplete ventilation could explain the presence of condensation in the housing units. Analyses of thermograms are presented to show the possible existence of low and high pressure areas around a structure and how they relate to heat loss.
    Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-338 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography / R.H. Munis, S.J. Marshall and M.A. Bush, Part II
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 338
    Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als
    Sprache: Englisch
    Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/227388627
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  • 2
    Buch
    Buch
    Compressibility characteristics of undisturbed snow (1975)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Titel
    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ122968
    Umfang: iv, 57 Seiten , Illustrations
    Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 336
    Inhalt: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Description of study. - Sample preparation. - Test equipment and procedure. - Discussion of results. - Stress-density relationship. - Effect of rate of deformation. - Effect of temperature. - Effect of initial snow density. - Stress-deformation relationship. - Summary and conclusions. - Microstructural analysis. - Introduction. - Analytical methods. - Results and discussion. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Anpendix: Test data.
    Inhalt: The effects of snow temperature, rate of deformation, and initial density on the stress vs density and stress vs deformation relationships were investigated in the pressure range of 0.1 to 75 bars. The rate of deformation in the range of 0.027 to 27 cm sec^-1 does not have a significant effect. A decrease in temperature in the range of 0° to -40°C increases the resistance to stress and deformation, the temperature effect increasing with applied pressure and initial density. The effect of initial density is significant. For any stress, an increase in the initial density results in an increase in the resulting density, particularly at low stress levels and at temperatures near 0°C. The texture of artificially compacted snow is significantly different from that of naturally compacted snow of the same density because of the very short recrystallization time period.
    Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-336 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Research report
    Sprache: Englisch
    Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1035634745
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  • 3
    Buch
    Buch
    Differential sea ice drift (1975)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory,
    Dazugehörige Titel
    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ122977
    Umfang: v, 37 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 329
    Inhalt: CONTENTS: General Introduction. - Part I. Spatial and temporal variations in sea ice deformatfon. - Introduction. - Approach. - Site location and data collection procedures. - Data analysis. - Strain results. - Comparison of mesoscale deformation with macroscale deformation. - Nature of the ice pack rotation. - Conciusion. - Literature cited. - Part Il. Comparison of mesoscale strain measurements with linear drift theory predictions. - Introduction. - List of symbols. - Linear drift equations. - Ice drift solutions. - Comparison of theory with mesoscale measurements. - A more general linear constitutive law. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix Relative magnitudes of differential drift forces. - Abstract.
    Inhalt: Measurements of mesoscale sea ice deformation over a region approximately 20 km in diameter were made over a five-week period in the spring of 1972 at the main AIDJEX camp in the Beaufort Sea. They have been analyzed to determine nonlinearities in the ice velocity field (due to the discrete small-scale nature of the ice pack), as well as a continuum mode of deformation represented by a least squares strain rate tensor and vorticity. The deformation rate time series between Julian day 88 and 113 exhibited net areal changes as large as 3% and deformation rates up to 0.16% per hour. In the principal axis coordinate system, the strain rate typically exhibited a much larger compression (or extension) along one axis than along the other. Persistent cycles at ~12-hour wavelengths were observed in the divergence rate. A comparison of the average residual error with the average strain rate magnitude indicated that strains measured on a scale of 10 km or greater can serve as a valid measure of the continuum motion of the sea ice. This conclusion is also substantiated by a comparison between the mesoscale deformation, and macroscale deformation measured over a ~100-km-diameter region. Vorticity calculations indicate that at low temporal frequencies ( 〈 0.04 hr^-1 ) the whole mesoscale array rotates essentially as an entity and consequently the low frequency vorticity can accurately be estimated from the rotation of a single floe. (Part I) A comparison of mesoscale strain measurements with the atmospheric pressure field and the wind velocity field indicated that the ice divergence rate and vorticity followed the local pressure and wind divergence with significant correlation. For low atmospheric pressures and converging winds, the divergence rate was negative with the vorticity being counterclockwise. The inverse behavior was observed for high pressures and diverging winds. This behavior agreed with predictions based upon the infinite boundary solution of a linearized drift theory in the absence of gradient current effects and using the constitutive law proposed by Glen for pack ice. The best least squares values of the constitutive law parameters [Eta] and [Zeta] were found to be given by ~10^12 kg sec^-1. Using typical divergence rates, these values yielded compressive stresses of the magnitude of 10^5 N m^-1, which are similar to values suggested by the Parmerter and Coon ridge model. In general, the infinite boundary solution of the linear drift equation indicates that in a low pressure region that is reasonably localized in space, the ice would be expected to converge for high compactness (winter) and diverge for low compactness (summer). Calculations were also carried out using a more general linear viscoelastic constitutive law that includes memory effects and that includes a generalized Hooke's law as well as the Glen law as special cases. A best fit of this more general calculation with strain measurements indicates, overall, a better agreement with viscous behavior than with elastic behavior, with the frequency behavior of the estimated "viscosities" similar to the Glen law behavior at temporal frequencies less than ~0.01 hr^-1 (Part II)
    Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-329 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Research report
    Sprache: Englisch
    Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1387886
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  • 4
    Buch
    Buch
    The bearing capacity of floating ice plates subjected to static or quasi-static loads : a critical survey (1975)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Titel
    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ122973
    Umfang: iv, 43 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 333
    Inhalt: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Analogy method. - Method based on the bending theory of elastic plates and the criterion [Sigma]max = [Sigma]f. - Methods based on viscoelastic theories. - Methods based on the yield line theory or limit analysis. - Comparison of analytical and test results. - General remarks. - Effect of bending and shearing forces on deflection of an ice cover. - Determination of Pf(O). - Determination of Pf(t). - Determination of [Sigma]f. - Summary and recommendations. - Literature cited.
    Inhalt: This report contains a critical survey of the literature on the bearing capacity of floating ice plates. It consists of a discussion of general questions, a critical survey of analytical attempts to determine the bearing capacity of floating ice plates, and a survey of field and laboratory tests on floating ice plates and their relation to the analytical results. The paper concludes with a systematic summary of the results, a discussion of observed shortcomings, and suggestions for needed investigations.
    Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-333 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Research report
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1387849
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  • 5
    Buch
    Buch
    The water-ice phase composition of clay/water systems : 1. the kaolinite/water system (1974)
    Hanover, NH : Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Titel
    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ122998
    Umfang: iii, 10 Seiten Illustrationen
    Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 322
    Inhalt: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Results. - Discussion. - Literature cited.
    Inhalt: Previous studies indicated that when water-ice phase composition curves are normalized to unit surface area, the unfrozen water content values at given temperatures for the kaolinite/water system are higher than those of other soils and soil constituents. The water-ice phase composition curve for this system has been redetermined using an improved isothermal calorimeter and the earlier curve confirmed. For most soils, water-ice phase composition curves are well represented by a simple power curve. In contrast, the layer-lattice silicate/water systems so far investigated behave differently; segments of two power curves are required to fit the data. Values of unfrozen water content per unit surface area (determined by ethylene glycol adsorption) for the kaolinite/water systems are more than twice as large as those for the two representative montmorillonite/water systems investigated.
    Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-322 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Research report
    Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/227595046
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  • 6
    Buch
    Buch
    Analysis of the freezeback of water in a cylindrical borehole drilled in an ice sheet (1974)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Titel
    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ122997
    Umfang: iii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 323
    Inhalt: CONTENTS: Introduction. - The problem. - Reduction to ordinary differential equations. - General solution. - The first solution. - The second solution. - The third solution. - Determination of h(t). - Numerical computation. - Abstract.
    Inhalt: Herewith presented is the rigorous solution of the freezeback of water in a cylindrical borehole drilled in an ice sheet floating on water, based on the assumption that the temperature distribution does not depend on the vertical direction and the temperature of the water in the borehole is the freezing temperature. The solution is found by using the thickness of the newborn ice in place of time. Because of the complexity of the analysis, the solution can be found only for the first few terms of the series solution. Numerical computation of the solution thus found by use of the first few terms of the series solution yields the growth curve of the newborn ice that reaches maximum at a certain time. The solution ceases to be valid before the time of maximum is reached.
    Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-323 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Research report
    Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5965637
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  • 7
    Buch
    Buch
    Airborne resistivity mapping of permafrost near Fairbanks, Alaska (1974)
    Hanover, NH : Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Titel
    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ122996
    Umfang: v, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 324
    Inhalt: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Resistivities of earth materials. - Dependence of resistivity on soil type. - Relation between resistivity and water content. - Dependence of resistivity on temperature. - Dependence of resistivity on ice content. - Resistivity of rocks. - Theory and method. - The E-phase system. - Calibration. - Analogue recorder. - Magnetic recorder. - Flight path recovery camera. - Altimeter. - Data reduction. - Horizontal control. - Computation of apparent resistivity. - Computer processing of data. - Plotting and contouring of data. - Filtering of E-phase data. - Problem areas of the E-phase technique. - Horizontal control. - Zero error. - Interference. - Ground control in study areas. - Computer modeling of resistivity profiles in central Alaska. - Results. - Goldstream site. - Site 2. - Chena Hot Springs Road. - Moose Creek Dam. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Inhalt: Airborne resistivity methods using radio waves in three frequency bands were tested in the vicinity of Fairbanks, Alaska. The test sites were selected because much ground control is available for this area. The objectives of this study were to determine the ability of these methods to map permafrost and other soils and to investigate the advantages of multifrequency mapping. Investigations in permafrost regions for such geotechnical endeavors as route selection for roads and pipelines and site investigation for building and dam construction often require that a careful assessment be made of the presence or absence of frozen ground, of the ice content of frozen ground, and of the depth of frozen ground. The airborne resistivity data obtained in this study were contoured and the contour maps were compared with surficial geological maps and other ground truth data available. The following conclusions were reached: 1) in areas where the near surface sediments are relatively uniform; VLF resistivity best delineates permafrost; and 2) in areas where surface sediments vary widely (e.g., recent flood plains), resistivity at all frequencies gives little information on permafrost conditions, but provides other important information, such as bedrock type, depth to bedrock, soil type and layering.
    Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-324 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Research report
    Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/832023836
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  • 8
    Buch
    Buch
    A sea ice terrain model and its application to surface vehicle trafficability (1973)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Titel
    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ123010
    Umfang: iii, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 314
    Inhalt: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Previous work. - Sea ice terrain model. - Traffic ability model. - Analytic calculation of DT/DSL. - Monte Carlo calculation. - Results of traffic ability computations. - Experimental traffic ability ratios using ridge overlays. - Regional variations in ridging intensity. - Additional traffic ability aspects of sea ice. - Shear zone and rubble fields. - Linear lead systems. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Distribution of the lateral extent of ridges. - Abstract.
    Inhalt: A sea ice terrain model, based upon previously tested height and spacing distributions for sea ice pressure ridging, is developed. Using this model, and additional information on pressure ridge extents, a trafficability model for vehicles traversing the pack ice is developed. Both analytic and Monte Carlo calculations of vehicle trafficability, measured in terms of the average ratio of the total distance traveled over a straight-line distance, are performed. The calculations include cul-de-sacs due to ridge intersections. The trafficability ratio is given as a function of ridge-height-clearance ability of the vehicle and of ridging parameters which may be obtained from laser profiles of the arctic pack ice. Results are in good agreement with simulated routes through sea ice terrain taken from aerial photo mosaics. Contour plots of ridging parameters taken from laser profilometry are also supplied. These plots, together with the trafficability model, supply mobility information for the whole of the western portion of the Arctic Basin.
    Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-314 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Research report
    Sprache: Englisch
    Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1014552
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  • 9
    Buch
    Buch
    Theory of metamorphism of wet snow (1973)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Titel
    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ123011
    Umfang: v, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 313
    Inhalt: CONTENTS: Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Funicular regime. - Grain growth. - Grain contacts. - Densification. - Pendular regime. - Discussion and conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Inhalt: Grain growth, bond growth and densification of wet snow are described in terms of the distribution of equilibrium temperature in the snow matrix. At high water saturations the equilibrium temperature increases with grain size; hence, small particles melt away as large particles grow. Melting also occurs at the intergrain bonds, causing a low strength and rapid densification. At low saturations the equilibrium temperature is determined by the capillary pressure and the particle sizes have only a second order effect. Therefore, grain growth proceeds slowly and, even at large overburden pressures, no intergrain melting occurs. At low saturations the water "tension" acts through a finite area, thus large attractive forces exist between the grains, and the strength of the snow matrix is large.
    Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-313 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Research report
    Sprache: Englisch
    Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1035634713
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  • 10
    Buch
    Buch
    Effects of stratigraphic layers on water flow through snow (1973)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Titel
    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ123013
    Umfang: v, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 311
    Inhalt: CONTENTS: Preface. - Notation. - Introduction. - Review of observations. - Review of theory. - Water flow through textured layers. - Water flow past semipermeable layers. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Inhalt: The flow of water through layered snowpacks is discussed. A method for predicting flow through unsaturated layers is given. The flow along ice layers and through ice layers is analyzed in terms of the slope, permeability, thickness and length of the layers. It is shown that the permeability of ice layers required to cause large flow diversions is quite small. The effect of slope is large even at small angles.
    Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-311 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Research report
    Sprache: Englisch
    Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1035634712
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