UID:
kobvindex_GFZ1041332971
Format:
1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 723 Seiten)
,
Illustrationen
Edition:
corrected publication 2019
Edition:
Online edition Springer eBook Collection. Biomedical and Life Sciences
ISBN:
9783319773155
,
978-3-319-77315-5
Content:
Intended as a text for upper-division undergraduates, graduate students and as a potential reference, this broad-scoped resource is extensive in its educational appeal by providing a new concept-based organization with end-of-chapter literature references, self-quizzes, and illustration interpretation. The concept-based, pedagogical approach, in contrast to the classic discipline-based approach, was specifically chosen to make the teaching and learning of plant anatomy more accessible for students. In addition, for instructors whose backgrounds may not primarily be plant anatomy, the features noted above are designed to provide sufficient reference material for organization and class presentation. This text is unique in the extensive use of over 1150 high-resolution color micrographs, color diagrams and scanning electron micrographs. Another feature is frequent side-boxes that highlight the relationship of plant anatomy to specialized investigations in plant molecular biology, classical investigations, functional activities, and research in forestry, environmental studies and genetics, as well as other fields. Each of the 19 richly-illustrated chapters has an abstract, a list of keywords, an introduction, a text body consisting of 10 to 20 concept-based sections, and a list of references and additional readings. At the end of each chapter, the instructor and student will find a section-by-section concept review, concept connections, concept assessment (10 multiple-choice questions), and concept applications. Answers to the assessment material are found in an appendix. An index and a glossary with over 700 defined terms complete the volume
Note:
Contents
I Plants as Unique Organisms; History and Tools of Plant Anatomy
1 The Nature of Plants
1.1 Plants Have Multiple Pigments with Multiple Functions
1.2 Plants Use Water, and the Properties of Water, in Unique Ways
1.3 Plants Use Anabolic Metabolism to Manufacture Every Molecule Needed for Growth and Produce Virtually No Waste
1.4 Cell Walls Are Nonliving Matrices Outside the Plant Cell Membrane that House and/or Perform a Variety of Functions
1.5 The Plant Life Cycle Alternates Between a Haploid Gametophyte Stage and a Diploid Sporophyte Stage
1.6 Meristematic Activity Continues Throughout the Life of a Plant
1.7 Fruits Disperse Seeds Through Space: Dormancy Disperses Seeds Through Time
1.8 Earth’s History Is Divided into Four Major Time Periods
1.8.1 The Precambrian: 4550 to 542 mya
1.8.2 The Paleozoic Era: 542 to 251 mya
1.8.3 The Mesozoic Era: 251–66 mya
1.8.4 The Cenozoic Era: 66 mya to Present
1.9 Life on Earth Has Experienced Five Mass Extinctions: A Sixth Is in Progress
1.10 Many Plants and Animals Have Coevolved
1.11 The Plant Body Consists of Four Organs
1.11.1 Roots
1.11.2 Stems
1.11.3 Leaves
1.11.4 Flowers and Fruit
1.12 Plant Organs Are Initially Made of Three Tissues
1.13 “Plant” Can Be Broadly Defined
1.14 Bryophytes Lack Vasculature and Produce Spores
1.15 Ferns and Fern Allies Are Seedless Tracheophytes
1.16 Gymnosperms Are Seed-Producing Tracheophytes that Lack Flowers and Fruit
1.17 Monocots and Eudicots Are the Two Largest Groups of Angiosperms
1.18 Understanding Plant Structure Requires a Sense of Scale
1.19 “Primary” and “Secondary” Are Important Concepts in Plant Anatomy
1.19.1 Primary Versus Secondary Growth and Meristems
1.19.2 Primary Versus Secondary Xylem and Phloem
1.19.3 Primary Versus Secondary Cell Walls
1.20 Chapter Review
References and Additional Readings
2 Microscopy and Imaging
2.1 Robert Hooke, 1635–1703, Described a Cell as the Basic Unit of Life by Studying the Bark of the Cork Oak Tree, Quercus suber
2.2 Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, 1632–1723, Was the First Scientist to Observe Microorganisms
2.3 Nehemiah Grew, 1641–1712, Was the Father of Plant Anatomy
2.4 Robert Brown, 1773–1858, Discovered the Nucleus of the Cell by Studying Orchid Petals
2.5 Katherine Esau, 1898–1997, Advanced the Field of Plant Anatomy with Her Influential Textbooks
2.6 Light Microscopy: The Most Useful Tool of the Plant Anatomist
2.7 The Compound Light Microscope Uses Multiple Lenses to Form and Capture Images
2.8 The Resolving Power of a Lens Places Limits on Resolution and Magnification
2.9 The Confocal Microscope Allows for Sharper Detail, Computer Control, and 3-D Imaging with a Modified Compound Microscope
2.10 Electron Microscopy Allows a View into the World of Cellular Ultrastructure
2.11 The Transmission Electron Microscope Reveals Internal Cellular Detail
2.12 The Scanning Electron Microscope Resolves Surface Detail
2.13 Different Microscopies Produce Different Images of the Same Specimen
2.14 Chapter Review
References and Additional Readings
II Cellular Plant Anatomy
3 Plant Cell Structure and Ultrastructure
3.1 Plant Cells Are Complex Structures
3.2 Plant Cells Synthesize an External Wall and Contain a Variety of Internal Compartments
3.3 Cells and Cell Organelles Are Typically Bound by Lipid Bilayer Membranes
3.4 Vacuoles Play a Role in Water and Ion Balance
3.5 Plastids Are a Diverse Family of Anabolic Organelles
3.5.1 Proplastid
3.5.2 Etioplast
3.5.3 Elaioplast
3.5.4 Amyloplast
3.5.5 Chromoplast
3.5.6 Gerontoplast
3.5.7 Chloroplast
3.5.8 Chloroplast Functions
3.5.9 The Dimorphic Chloroplasts of C 4 Photosynthesis
3.5.10 Guard Cell Chloroplasts
3.5.11 Sun Versus Shade Chloroplasts
3.6 All Plastids Are Developmentally Related
3.7 Mitochondria Synthesize ATP and Small Carbon Skeletons
3.8 Microbodies Are the Site of Specific Biochemical Pathways
3.9 The Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesizes Proteins and Some Lipids
3.10 The Golgi Apparatus Processes and Packages Polysaccharides and Proteins for Secretion
3.11 The Nucleus Houses the Cell’s Genetic Material and Participates in Ribosome Synthesis
3.12 The Cytoskeleton Organizes the Cell and Helps Traffic Organelles
3.13 Chapter Review
References and Additional Readings
4 Mitosis and Meristems
4.1 The Plant Cell Cycle Includes Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis
4.2 A Pre-prophase Microtubule Band Precedes Mitosis and Defines the Plane of Cell Division
4.3 Mitosis May Be Divided into Distinct, but Continuous, Stages
4.4 Cytokinesis Begins with Initiation of the Cell Plate and Grows by the Deposition of Callose
4.5 Microtubules Play a Critical Role in Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4.6 Apical Meristems Are the Sites of Primary Growth
4.7 The Shoot Apical Meristem Is the Site of Lateral Organ Initiation
4.8 Axillary Buds Arise De Novo in the Developing Leaf Axis
4.9 Tunica-Corpus Organization Describes Shoot Apical Meristem Growth in Many Eudicots
4.10 Gymnosperms Do Not Possess a Tunica-Corpus
4.11 The Root Apical Meristem Provides the Primary Growth of Roots
4.12 Lateral Roots Originate from Inside the Pericycle, Not from the Root Apical Meristem
4.13 Intercalary Meristems Contribute to Stem and Leaf Growth in Monocots
4.14 Many Lower Vascular Plants Have a Single Initial Cell in the Shoot and Root Apical Meristems
4.15 Lateral Meristems Are the Site of Secondary Growth in Eudicots
4.16 Chapter Review
References and Additional Readings
5 Cell Walls
5.1 Transparent Plant Cell Walls Contain Cellulose and Are Synthesized to the Exterior of the Protoplast
5.2 Primary Cell Walls Are a Structural Matrix of Cellulose and Several Other Components
5.3 Plasmodesmata Connect Adjacent Cells Via Holes in the Primary Cell Wall
5.4 Secondary Cell Walls Are Rigid, Thick, and Lignified
5.5 Pits Are Holes in the Secondary Cell Wall
5.6 Transfer Cells Have Elaborated Primary Cell Walls for High Rates of Transport
5.7 Chapter Review
References and Additional Readings
6 Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma
6.1 Parenchyma Cells Are the Most Common Plant Cell Type
6.2 Parenchyma Cells May Exhibit Totipotency
6.3 Collenchyma Cells Are Used for Support and Are the Least Common Cell Type
6.4 Birefringence Is a Common Phenomenon in Collenchyma Walls
6.5 Sclerenchyma Cells Provide Support, Protection, and Long-Distance Water Transport
6.6 Fibers Impart Support and Protection
6.7 Sclereids Are Reduced Sclerenchyma Cells That Occur Singly or in Clumps
6.8 Xylem Vessel Elements Are Water-Conducting Sclerenchyma
6.9 Chapter Review
References and Additional Readings
III Vascular Tissues
7 Xylem
7.1 Xylem Is a Complex Tissue Containing Multiple Cell Types, Each with a Specific Structure and Function
7.2 The Primary Functions of Xylem Are Water Conduction, Mineral Transport, and Support
7.3 Tracheids Are Imperforate Tracheary Elements and the Sole Water Conductors in Gymnosperms
7.4 Angiosperm Tracheids, Fiber Tracheids, and Libriform Fibers Represent a Continuum of Imperforate Tracheary Element Design and Function
7.5 Vessel Elements Are Perforate Cells and the Main Water Conductors in Angiosperms
7.6 Vessel Element Side Walls Are Patterned for Strength and Water Movement
7.7 Most Vessel Elements End in a Perforation Plate and Are Connected to Another Vessel Element
7.8 Xylem Parenchyma Are Living Cells Involved in Xylem Metabolism and Protection
7.9 Chapter Review
References and Additional Readings
8 Phloem
8.1 Phloem Is a Complex Tissue Containing Multiple Cell Types, Each with a Specific Structure and Function
8.2 Phloem’s Main Function Is Photosynthate Translocation
8.3 Sieve Tube Elements Are Living Cells Responsible for Translocation
8.4 Companion Cells Support the Sieve Tube Element and Are Involved in Phloem Loading and Unloading in Angiosperms
8.5 Phloem Parenchyma Cells Are Involved in Radial Translocation, Xylem/Phloem Coordination, and Storage
8.6 Phloem Fibers Protect the Delicate Sieve Tubes
8.7 Secondary Phloem Typically Only Functions for One Growing Season
8.8 Gymnosperm Phloem Is Simpler Than An
Language:
English
Keywords:
Electronic books
;
Lehrbuch
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77315-5
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