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  • Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein  (4)
  • Bibliothek im Kontor
  • Kreisbibliothek des Landkreises Spree-Neiße
  • Lawson, Daniel E.  (4)
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Erosion of perennially frozen streambanks (1983)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ20190521150909
    Format: iv, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-29
    Content: A literature review indicated that the effects or permafrost on streambank erodibility and stability are not yet understood because systematic and quantitative measurements are seriously lacking. Consequently, general controversy exists as to whether perennially frozen ground inhibits lateral erosion and bankline recession, or whether it increases bank recession rates. Perennially frozen streambanks erode because of modification of the bank's thermal regime by exposure to air and water, and because of various erosional processes. Factors that determine rates and locations of erosion include physical, thermal and structural properties of bank sediments, stream hydraulics and climate. Thermal and physical modification of streambanks may also induce accelerated erosion within permafrost terrain removed from the immediate river environment. Bankline or bluffline recession rates are highly variable, ranging from less than 1 m/year to over 30 m/year and, exceptionally, to over 60 m/year. Long-term observations of the physical and thermal erosion processes and systematic ground surveys and measurements of bankline-bluffline recession rates are needed.
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Stream bank erosional processes Permafrost and related factors Permafrost and erosion General Erosional processes Bank zone processes Bluff zone processes Factors affecting perm afrost erodibility Exposure to currents and wind waves Texture and stratigraphy Ice content, distribution and type Slope aspect Coriolis force Timing and depth of thaw Water level and temperature Vegetation Ice and snow cover Groundwater Rates and timing of erosion and recession Overall effects of permafrost Recommendations for research Literature cited Appendix A : Processes of stream bank modifications
    In: CRREL Report, 83-29
    Language: English
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA138410
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9290
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Prototype drill for core sampling fine-grained perennially frozen ground (1985)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ20190702110707
    Format: v, 34 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 85-1
    Content: An expensive drill has been modified to provide researchers with the ability to auger an open hole or to acquire continuous, undisturbed 76-mm-diam core samples of a variety of perennially frozen materials that are suitable for chemical and petrographic analysis. It was developed by field testing in support of research from 1980 to 1983. Operation of the drill is based mainly on using a minimum of power to cut through frozen ground with tungsten carbide cutters on a CRREL coring auger. The ice content, temperature and grain size of the frozen sediments are important variables determining the sampling depth. Perennially frozen sediments with temperatures in the range of -0.5 C to -8.5 C have been continuously cored with this drill. Drilling and sampling are most efficiently conducted when ambient air temperatures are below freezing and the active layer is frozen. The self-contained lightweight drill is readily transportable off-road by helicopter or tracked vehicle, or by towing over roads. It is locally self-mobile by use of a winch. Total cost of the drill and modifications is estimated at approximately $10,000.
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background on development Drill development and configuration Equipment Modifications Operations Assembly and disassembly Field transport and movement Typical operating procedures Effect of material properties, weather and water Depth and hole completion time Summary Literature cited
    In: CRREL Report, 85-1
    Language: English
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA152388
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9352
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Sedimentological characteristics and classification of depositional processes and deposits in the glacial environment (1981)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ20210324115253
    Format: iii, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 81-27
    Content: Existing classifications for deposits in the glacial environment are inadequate and inconsistent. Deposits should be classified both descriptively and genetically; adequate descriptive classifications already exist. A major problem for previous genetic classifications has been that glacial deposition and the resulting deposits' properties were poorly understood. On the basis of three criteria-sediment source, uniqueness to the glacial environment, and preservation of glacier-derived properties-deposits in the glacial environment result from either of two groups of processes: primary or secondary. Primary processes release the debris of the glacier directly and form deposits that may bear properties related to the glacier and its mechanics. Their deposits are classified genetically as till and are the only deposits indicative of glaciation. In contrast, secondary processes mobilize, rework, transport and resediment debris and deposits in the glacial environment. They develop new, nonglacial properties in their deposits, while destroying or substantially modifying glacier-derived properties. Interpretation of their properties may provide information on the depositional are classified genetically according to the depositional process just as they are in other sedimentary environments. This genetic classification differs from previous classifications in that not all diamictons deposited in the glacial environment are classified as till; it is based strictly on process-related criteria. The origin of properties of glacial deposits in relation to the glacier's mechanics and environment must be recognized if the mechanisms and depositional processes of former glaciers are to be precisely understood.
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Criteria for process grouping Depositional processes Deposit groups-tills and nontills Comparison of melt-out and sediment flow Melt-out Sediment flow Classification of glacial deposits Conclusions Literature cited
    In: CRREL Report, 81-27
    Language: English
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9444
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Environmental analysis of the Upper Susitna River Basin using Landsat imagery (1980)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Details
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ20200330081408
    Format: iii, 41 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-4
    Content: The primary objectives of this study were to 1) prepare a map from Landsat imagery of the Upper Susitna River Basin drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields, 2) identify possible faults and lineaments within the upper basin and within a 100-km radius of the proposed Devil Canyon and Watana dam sites as observed on Landsat imagery, and 3) prepare a Landsat-derived map showing the distribution of surficial geologic materials and poorly drained areas. The EROS Digital Image Enhancement System (EDIES) provided computer- enhanced images of Landsat-1 scene 5470-19560. The EDIES false color composite of this scene was used as the base for mapping drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields, six surficial geologic materials units and poorly drained areas. We used some single-band and other color composites of Landsat images during interpretation. All the above maps were prepared by photointerpretation of Landsat images without using computer analysis, aerial photographs, field data, or published reports. These other data sources were used only after the mapping was completed to compare and verify the information interpreted and delineations mapped from the Landsat images. Four Landsat-1 MSS band 7 winter scenes were used in the photomosaic prepared for the lineament mapping. We mapped only those lineaments related to reported regional tectonics, although there were many more lineaments evident on the Landsat photomosaic.
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Objectives Conclusions Introduction Background Previous cooperative investigations Project rationale and coordination Approach Landsat imagery Interpretation techniques Part I. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping the drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields (Lawrence W. Gatto) Objective Methods Results Conclusions Part II. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping and evaluating geologiclineaments and possible faults (Carolyn J. Merry) Objective Geologic structure Methods Results Conclusions Part Ill. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping surficial materials Section A. Landsat mapping (Harlan L. McKim) Objective Methods Results Section B. Field evaluation (Daniel E. Lawson) Objectives Methods Results Discussion Section C. Conclusions (Daniel E. Lawson and Harlan L. McKim) Literature cited Glossary
    In: CRREL Report, 80-4
    Language: English
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a084900.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9039
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