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Format: 1 online resource (383 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783030233921

Series Statement: The Urban Book Series

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 Modernist Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries: Formation, Current Challenges and Future Prospects -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Context and Vision -- 2 A Turbulent Political History and the Legacy of State Socialism in the Baltic Countries -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Long Road to Nation-Statehood, Loss and Restoration of Independence -- 2.3 Socio-Economic Development -- 2.4 Demographic Development, Urbanisation and Ethnic Composition -- 2.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 The Rise and Demise of the Soviet-Made Housing Shortage in the Baltic Countries -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Nationalisation and Market Suppression -- 3.3 An Underurbanisation Crisis -- 3.4 Housing Construction -- 3.5 Housing Tenure -- 3.6 Housing Allocation -- 3.7 Housing Construction in Soviet Daugavpils -- 3.8 Housing Allocation in Soviet Daugavpils -- 3.9 Conclusion -- References -- 4 The Exceptional Design of Large Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 A New Type of Apartment Building and a New Type of Soviet Neighbourhood -- 4.3 Prefabricated Mass Housing and Microrayons Are Introduced to the Baltic Republics -- 4.4 Experimental Design: The Growth of Local Expertise and the Role of Architects -- 4.5 Nordic Influence -- 4.6 Recipients of Architectural Excellence Awards: Žirmūnai, Lazdynai and Väike-Õismäe -- 4.6.1 Žirmūnai -- 4.6.2 Lazdynai -- 4.6.3 Väike-Õismäe -- 4.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Baltic Crossings: Soviet Housing Estates and Dreams of Forest-Suburbs -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Addressing Persistent Housing Demand -- 5.3 From Mikrorayons to Grand Ensembles to Paper Architecture -- 5.4 Crossing the Baltic Sea. , 5.5 Variations in Standardisation -- 5.6 Finnish Influences on Estonian Multifamily Housing -- 5.7 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 6 Mass Housing and Extensive Urbanism in the Baltic Countries and Central/Eastern Europe: A Comparative Overview -- Abstract -- 6.1 Mass Housing in the Baltics and the USSR: A Contextual Overview -- 6.2 The Satellite States: From Dissidence to Decomposition -- 6.3 Housing Architecture in the Satellite States -- 6.4 Divergences from Orthodox Modernism -- 6.5 Socialist Exceptions: Mass Housing in Romania and Yugoslavia -- 6.6 The 'Ongoing Revolution': Self-management and Monumentality in Yugoslavia -- 6.7 Novi Beograd: Planning by 'Blok' -- 6.8 Conclusion -- References -- Housing the Masses: Establishing Socialist-Modernist Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries -- 7 Architectural Transcendence in Soviet-Era Housing: Evidence from Socialist Residential Districts in Tallinn, Estonia -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mikrorayons: Centrepieces of Socialist Urban Form -- 7.2.1 The Role of Socialist Architects in City Planning -- 7.3 Research Strategy -- 7.4 An Ensemble of Mid-Twentieth Century of Housing Estates in Tallinn, Estonia -- 7.4.1 Mustamäe: A Cautious Test of Socialist Residential Planning Principles -- 7.4.2 Väike-Õismäe: Aerial Architecture in a 1970s Makrorayon -- 7.4.3 Lasnamäe: Soviet Megalomania, Built to Only Half Completion -- 7.5 Challenges and Opportunities in Large Housing Estates in Soviet Estonia -- 7.5.1 International Knowledge Inspires Architects of Large Housing Estates -- 7.5.2 Architects in Estonia Maintain a Consistently Strong Role in Town Planning Practice -- 7.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Socialist Ideals and Physical Reality: Large Housing Estates in Riga, Latvia -- Abstract -- 8.1 Introduction. , 8.2 Social and Economic Context of Housing Development in the USSR -- 8.3 The Development of Riga -- 8.4 Physical Organisation of Large Housing Estates -- 8.5 Eras of Residential Development -- 8.6 Current Tendencies and Future Challenges -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Living in a Large Housing Estate: Insider Perspectives from Lithuania -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Data Collection -- 9.3 Acquiring a New Apartment -- 9.4 Moving In -- 9.5 Deficiencies -- 9.6 Neighbours -- 9.7 Daily Life -- 9.8 Comparisons and Evaluation -- 9.9 Temporal Dimensions -- 9.10 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Exploring the Socio-Demographic and Ethnic Characteristics of Previous and Current Housing Estate Dwellers -- 10 Socio-economic and Ethnic Trajectories of Housing Estates in Tallinn, Estonia -- Abstract -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Methods and Data -- 10.3 Urban and Housing Policy Conditions for Spatial Change in Housing Estates -- 10.4 Socio-economic and Ethnic Trajectories of Neighbourhoods -- 10.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Residential Change and Socio-demographic Challenges for Large Housing Estates in Riga, Latvia -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Setting the Scene: Socio-economic and Spatial Transformation in Riga -- 11.3 Data and Methods -- 11.4 Soviet-Era Housing Estates in Riga -- 11.5 Demographic, Ethnic and Socio-economic Trajectories of Large Housing Estates in Riga -- 11.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 Soviet Housing Estates in Vilnius, Lithuania: Socio-ethnic Structure and Future(-Less?) Perspectives -- Abstract -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Soviet Housing Estates and the Housing Structure of Vilnius -- 12.3 Brief Overview of Previous Studies -- 12.4 Data and Methods -- 12.5 Socio-ethnic Differentiation and Trajectories of Change in Vilnius. , 12.5.1 Ethnic Structure -- 12.5.2 Age Structure -- 12.5.3 Educational Attainment -- 12.5.4 Occupational Structure -- 12.6 Detailed Spatial Level Analysis: Socio-ethnic Composition in 2011 -- 12.6.1 Ethnic Structure -- 12.6.2 Age Structure -- 12.6.3 Educational and Occupational Structure -- 12.7 Individual-Level Analysis: Social Dimensions of Ethnic Differentiation in Soviet-Era Apartments -- 12.8 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Complexities of Built Environments in Housing Estates -- 13 Incomplete Service Networks in Enduring Socialist Housing Estates: Retrospective Evidence from Local Centres in Estonia -- Abstract -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Planned Residential Districts in Socialist Cities -- 13.3 Service Networks Offer Function and Convenience -- 13.4 Service Networks Fall Short of Promises -- 13.5 Väike-Õismäe-An Unfinished Macrorayon -- 13.5.1 The Mikrorayon Takes Shape as a Planning Unit -- 13.5.2 From Mikrorayon to Makrorayon: Initial Planning Task for Väike-Õismäe -- 13.5.3 Planned Service Network of the 1968 Detailed Plan -- 13.5.4 The 1974 Revision of Väike-Õismäe Detailed Plan and the Construction Process -- 13.5.5 Debates About Socialist Urbanism in the 1970s -- 13.5.6 An Incomplete Residential Area Wins the Soviet State Architectural Prize -- 13.5.7 Väike-Õismäe Service Networks After the System Change -- 13.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 Collectivist Ideals and Soviet Consumer Spaces: Mikrorayon Commercial Centres in Vilnius, Lithuania and Tallinn, Estonia -- Abstract -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 From Neighbourhood Planning and ABC Towns to Soviet Mikrorayon Centres -- 14.2.1 Mikrorayon Centres in Vilnius-From Žirmūnai to Šeškinė -- 14.3 ABC Centres in Mustamäe and Other Housing Estates in Tallinn -- 14.4 Conclusion: Mikrorayon Centres Function as Soviet Consumer Spaces -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Literature in Cyrillic Script -- Archival Materials -- 15 Between Community and Private Ownership in Centrally Planned Residential Space: Governing Parking in Socialist Housing Estates -- Abstract -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Centrally Managed Housing Estates: Vehicular Mobility Restriction Plans -- 15.3 Governing Housing Estates Through FOAs: The Challenges of Parking -- 15.4 Three Measures of Intervention in Parking in Housing Estates -- 15.5 Conclusion -- 15.6 List of Interviews -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Imagining the Future Lives of Housing Estates -- 16 State-Subsidised Refurbishment of Socialist Apartment Buildings in Estonia -- Abstract -- 16.1 Refurbishment Motivators -- 16.2 Estonian Apartment Building Stock -- 16.3 Energy Efficiency and the Current Technical State of Estonian Apartment Building Stock -- 16.4 Refurbishment Grant Schemes in Estonia -- 16.5 The Economic Impact Involved in Refurbishment Work on Apartment Buildings-National Economic Impact -- 16.6 The Impact upon Households of Refurbishment Work -- 16.7 Refurbishment Bottlenecks -- 16.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Retrofitting Soviet-Era Apartment Buildings with 'Smart City' Features: The H2020 SmartEnCity Project in Tartu, Estonia -- Abstract -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 The Smart City Approach -- 17.3 Retrofitting the SmartEnCity Housing Estate Districts in Tartu -- 17.3.1 Overview of the SmartEnCity Project in Tartu -- 17.3.2 Retrofit Plans for Apartment Buildings -- 17.3.3 SmartEnCity Stakeholders -- 17.4 Social Considerations of the SmartEnCity Project -- 17.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index.

Additional Edition: Print version: Hess, Daniel Baldwin Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2019 ISBN 9783030233914

Language: English

Subjects: Geography , Sociology

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Format: 1 online resource (161 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9789811395970

Note: Intro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- a. ASPECTS OF 'BLUE' AND 'GREEN' -- b. SINGAPOREAN SIGNIFICANCE OF 'BLUE AND GREEN' -- c. ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK -- end notes -- 2 EARLY DAYS -- a. GEOGRAPHIC SETTING AND CONTROL -- b. TRANSFORMATION AND DEFORESTATION -- c. SECURING PROSPERITY -- d. WAR - TIME INTERLUDE -- e. POST - COLONIAL DEVELOPMENTS -- end notes -- 3 VISIONS OF CLEAN AND GREEN -- a. ONSET AND RISE OF 'CLEAN AND GREEN' -- b. FROM 'GARDEN CITY 'TO' CITY IN NATURE' -- c. METAPHORICAL PERSPECTIVES -- d. SINGAPORE'S CHANGING METAPHORIC LANDSCAPE -- end notes -- 4 WATER RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY -- a. SINGAPORE'S CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN WATER RESOURCES -- b. SINGAPORE'S FOUR NATIONAL TAPS -- c. SINGAPORE'S CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM -- d. STOCK-FLOW DEPICTIONS -- e. SUSTAINABILITY, DEPENDENCIES AND VULNERABILITIES -- end notes -- 5 GARDENS PARKS AND GREEN RESERVES -- a. BOTANIC AND HORTICULTURAL GARDENS -- b. NATURE RESERVES -- c. THE ACTIVE, BEAUTIFUL, CLEAN WATERS PROGRAMME -- d. PARK AND OTHER CONNECTORS -- e. THEMES AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS -- f. TOWARDS A BIOPHILIC OUTCOME -- end notes -- 6 WAYS FORWARD -- a. SUCCESSFUL INGREDIENTS -- b. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION -- c. FUTURE CHALLENGES -- d. DEALING WITH FUTURE UNCERTAINTY -- end notes -- LIST OF INTERVIEWS -- IMAGE CREDITS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- GLOSSARY -- INDEX -- AUTHORS NOTE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

Additional Edition: Print version: Rowe, Peter G. A City in Blue and Green Singapore : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,c2019 ISBN 9789811395963

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Subjects: Engineering , Geography , Biology , General works

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Format: 1 online resource (629 pages)

ISBN: 9783319611945

Series Statement: Natural Resource Management and Policy Ser. ; v.52

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Overview and Conceptual Framework -- Introduction and Overview -- 1 Overview of the Book -- 1.1 Part I. Conceptual Chapters -- 1.2 Part II. Country Case Studies -- 1.2.1 Vulnerability Measurement and Assessment -- 1.2.2 Policy Response to Improving Adaptation and Adaptive Capacity -- 1.2.3 System Level Response to Improving Adaptation and Adaptive Capacity -- 1.2.4 Farm Level Response to Improving Adaptation and Adaptive Capacity -- 1.3 Part III. Policy Synthesis and Conclusion -- A Short History of the Evolution of the Climate Smart Agriculture Approach and Its Links to Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture Debates -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Evolution of Climate Change Policy -- 2 Overview of CSA -- 3 Key Features and Evolution of the CSA Concept -- 4 CSA Controversies in the Broader Policy Context -- 4.1 The Role of Mitigation and Carbon Finance in CSA -- 5 CSA and Sustainable Agriculture -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Economics of Climate Smart Agriculture: An Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 CSA: The Objectives of the Social Planner -- 3 The Constraints Facing the Social Planner -- 4 The Social Planner's Choice Set -- 5 Towards a Socially Optimal Solution: Expected Features of Model Outcomes -- 6 Concluding Comments -- References -- Innovation in Response to Climate Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and the Implications -- 2.1 Rising Temperatures and Migrating Weather -- 2.2 Rising Sea Levels -- 2.3 Increased Snowmelt and Timing of Irrigation -- 2.4 Increased Probability of Extreme Events -- 2.5 Discussion -- 3 Innovations for Climate Smart Agriculture -- 3.1 Technological Innovations -- 3.1.1 Micro, Farm-Level Approaches -- 3.1.2 Farm System Approaches -- 3.2 Managerial Innovations -- 3.2.1 Micro, Farm-Level Approaches. , 3.2.2 Farm System Approaches -- 3.3 Institutional Innovations -- 3.3.1 Innovations as Part of CSA Programs -- 3.3.2 Institutions for Enhancing Various Adaptation Strategies -- 4 Overcoming Barriers to Innovation in the Era of Climate Change -- 4.1 Research and Refinement -- 4.2 Commercialization/Adoption -- 4.3 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Case Studies: Vulnerability Measurements and Assessment -- Use of Satellite Information on Wetness and Temperature for Crop Yield Prediction and River Resource Planning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Application -- 3.1 Monitoring Crop Yield -- 3.2 Monitoring River Flow -- 3.3 River Basin Management: The Case of the Mekong -- 3.3.1 Description of the Model -- 3.3.2 Applying the BWI to the Mekong Economic Model -- 3.3.3 Results of the Economic Model -- 4 Concluding Discussion -- References -- Early Warning Techniques for Local Climate Resilience: Smallholder Rice in Lao PDR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Overview of Climate Conditions -- 2.2 Extreme Events -- 2.3 Rice Production -- 2.3.1 Production Systems -- 2.3.2 Irrigation -- 2.4 The Physiological Relationship Between Rice and Weather Inputs -- 2.4.1 The Role of Water -- 2.4.2 The Role of Temperature -- 3 Analysis I: Estimating the Relationship Between Rice and Climate Change -- 3.1 Methods -- 3.1.1 Average Weather Models -- Equation 1: Panel Model of Average Weather Effects -- Equation 2: Panel Model of Average Weather Effects -- 3.1.2 Modeling Extreme Events -- Equation 3: Panel Model of Extreme Event Effects -- 3.2 Data -- 3.2.1 Rice Yields -- 3.2.2 Weather Conditions -- 3.2.3 Extreme Events -- 3.2.4 Data Limitations -- 3.3 Results -- 3.3.1 Evaluating the Model -- 4 Analysis II: Projecting Future Rice Production Under Climate Change -- 4.1 Climate Projections -- 4.1.1 Selecting GCM Models -- 4.1.2 Downscaling Methods. , 4.1.3 Climate Projections for Lao PDR -- 4.2 Yield Projections -- 4.2.1 Methods -- 4.2.2 Results -- 5 Summary and Outlook -- 6 Conclusions and Extensions -- Appendix - Rice Yield Regression Model Results (Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9) -- References -- Farmers' Perceptions of and Adaptations to Climate Change in Southeast Asia: The Case Study from Thailand and Vietnam -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 3 Study Regions and Data -- 4 Empirical Strategy -- 5 Descriptive Results -- 6 Results of Econometric Analysis -- 7 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- U.S. Maize Yield Growth and Countervailing Climate Change Impacts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Sources and Summary Statistics -- 3 Crop Yield Model and Climate Change Impacts -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Model Results and Warming Impacts -- 4.2 Warming Impacts Against Technological Progress -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Understanding Tradeoffs in the Context of Farm-Scale Impacts: An Application of Decision-Support Tools for Assessing Climate Smart Agriculture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 AgBiz Logic as a Decision Support Tool for Addressing CSA -- 3 Addressing the Farm-Scale Tradeoffs Associated with Changes in Climate -- 3.1 Initial Setup and Baseline Scenario -- 3.2 Exploring Climate Change Impacts and Investments in Alternative Cropping Systems -- 3.3 Profitability of Implementing Investment Strategies -- 3.4 Assessing Climate Change Implications for Agricultural Leases -- 4 Assessing Environmental Impacts -- 5 Toward Landscape-Scale Tradeoff Analysis: Linking to the TOA-MD Platform -- 6 Data Requirements for the TOA-MD Model and How It Links to Farm-Scale Decision Support Tools -- 7 Conclusions -- Appendix A: How AgBiz Logic Works and Its Web-Based Presence -- References -- Part III: Case Studies: Policy Response to Improving Adaptation and Adaptive Capacity. , Can Insurance Help Manage Climate Risk and Food Insecurity? Evidence from the Pastoral Regions of East Africa -- 1 The Logic of Insurance as a Device to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change on Food Insecurity -- 1.1 Theoretical Model of the Ex Post and Ex Ante Impacts of Insurance on Poverty -- 1.2 Analysis of Climate Change Scenarios -- 2 Index Insurance as a Solution: Livestock Insurance in the Pastoral Regions of East Africa -- 2.1 Designing the IBLI Index Insurance Contract -- 2.2 Impacts of the IBLI Contract on Ex Post Coping and Ex Ante Investment -- 3 Limitations to Index Insurance as a Solution for Climate Change and Food Insecurity -- 3.1 The Quality Challenge to Index Insurance -- 3.2 IBLI's Quality Effort and Remaining Weaknesses -- 3.3 The Way Forward -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Can Cash Transfer Programmes Promote Household Resilience? Cross-Country Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of selected SCT Programmes in SSA -- 3 Role of Cash Transfer for Building Resilience: Review of Selected Evidence -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Programme Evaluation Design and Data -- 4.2 Analytical Methods -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Can Cash Transfer Promote Ex-Post Risk Management? -- 5.2 Can Cash Transfer Contribute to Managing Climate Risk? -- 5.3 Potential of Cash Transfer to Promote Ex-Ante Risk Management -- 5.3.1 Impacts on Accumulation of Productive Assets -- 5.3.2 Impacts on Crop Production and Productivity -- 5.3.3 Impacts on Non-farm Enterprises -- 5.4 Can Cash Transfer Promote Resilience by Enhancing Food Security? -- 5.4.1 Impact on Food Security -- 5.4.2 Impact on Consumption Expenditure -- 5.4.3 Impact on Dietary Diversity -- 6 Conclusions and Implications -- References -- Input Subsidy Programs and Climate Smart Agriculture: Current Realities and Future Potential -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Defining Climate Smart Agriculture -- 3 ISP Implementation Modalities and CSA in Africa -- 4 Can ISPs Promote Household-Level Ex Ante Risk Management? -- 4.1 Review of Evidence to Date -- 4.2 Looking Forward: Can ISPs Contribute to Climate Smart Farm Management Practices? -- 4.3 How Confident Are We That We Know Which Farming Practices Contribute to CSA and SI? -- 5 Can ISPs Promote System-Wide Ex Ante Risk Management? -- 5.1 Potential Opportunities -- 5.2 Potential Challenges -- 6 Can ISPs Promote Household-Level Ex Post Coping Mechanisms? -- 7 Can ISPs Promote System-Wide Ex Post Coping Potential? -- 8 Summary and Implications for ISPs -- 8.1 Unresolved Issues for Future Research -- 8.2 Concluding Remarks -- Appendix 1: Estimating the Contribution of Increased Fertilizer Use to Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- References -- Part IV: Case Studies: System Level Response to Improving Adaptation and Adaptive Capacity -- Robust Decision Making for a Climate-Resilient Development of the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodological Approach -- 2.1 Climate Projections and Their Uncertainty -- 2.2 Crop Modeling: Impacts on Yields -- 2.3 Hydrological Modeling: Impacts on Water Availability -- 2.4 Macro-economic Analysis -- 2.5 Adaptation Strategies in Agriculture -- 2.6 Costs of Adaptation Options -- 2.7 RDMA for Irrigation Infrastructures -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Climate Projections and Their Uncertainty -- 3.2 Impact Analysis on Crop Yields -- 3.3 Water Availability Impact Analysis -- 3.4 Macro-economic Impacts -- 3.5 Adaptation Options in the Agriculture and Water Sectors -- 3.5.1 Adaptation Through Sustainable Land Management Practices -- 3.5.2 Costs of Adaptation -- 3.5.3 Robust Decision Making Approach for Irrigation Infrastructure -- 4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References. , Using AgMIP Regional Integrated Assessment Methods to Evaluate Vulnerability, Resilience and Adaptive Capacity for Climate Smart Agricultural Systems.

Additional Edition: Print version: Lipper, Leslie Climate Smart Agriculture Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2017 ISBN 9783319611938

Language: English

Subjects: Geography , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science

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Format: 1 online resource (188 pages)

ISBN: 9789811312144

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Purpose and Scope -- 1.1 Ecosystem Services as an Embodiment of Soil Functions -- 1.2 Elements Important for Ecosystem Services and Environmental Factors Affecting the Behavior of Inorganic Constituents in So... -- 1.2.1 Elements -- 1.2.2 Environmental Factors -- 1.3 Purpose -- 1.4 Methods -- References -- Chapter 2: Primary Minerals -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Average Mineral Composition of the Earthś Crust -- 2.3 Silicate and Silica Minerals -- 2.3.1 Grouping of Silicate and Silica Minerals -- 2.3.2 Examples of Silicate and Silica Minerals in Soil -- 2.3.2.1 Silicate Minerals -- 2.3.2.2 Silica Minerals -- 2.4 Other Minerals in Soil -- 2.4.1 Titanomagnetite and Ilmenite -- 2.5 Mineral Samples in Soil Derived from a Weathered Granitic Rock -- References -- Chapter 3: Secondary Minerals -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Construction of Layer Aluminosilicate Models -- 3.2.1 Brucite Sheet and Gibbsite Sheet -- 3.2.2 Construction of Gibbsite Sheet and 1:1 Layer Aluminosilicate -- 3.2.3 Major Layer Aluminosilicates in Soil -- 3.2.3.1 1:1 Type Minerals -- 3.2.3.2 2:1 Type Minerals -- 3.2.4 Dioctahedral and Trioctahedral Type -- 3.3 Oxides, Hydroxides, and Others -- References -- Chapter 4: Non-crystalline Inorganic Constituents of Soil -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Volcanic Glass -- 4.2.1 Chemical Composition of Volcanic Glasses -- 4.2.2 Sponge-Like Volcanic Glass -- 4.2.3 Bubble-Wall Type Volcanic Glass -- 4.2.4 Fibrous Volcanic Glass -- 4.2.5 Berry-Like Volcanic Glass -- 4.3 Secondary Non-crystalline Inorganic Constituents -- 4.3.1 Allophane and Imogolite -- 4.3.2 Laminar Opaline Silica -- 4.3.3 Phytoliths -- 4.3.4 Al-Humus Complex -- 4.4 Andisols: Soils Dominated by Non-crystalline Inorganic Constituents -- 4.4.1 Fresh Pumice Particle -- 4.4.2 Partially Weathered Pumice Particle. , 4.4.3 A Horizon Soil with Andic Soil Properties -- 4.4.4 B Horizon Soil with Andic Soil Properties -- 4.4.5 Changes in Elemental Composition with Andisol Formation -- 4.4.6 Volcanic Ash Soils Under Various Drainage Conditions -- References -- Chapter 5: Inorganic Soil Constituents Sensitive to Varying Redox Conditions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Alternating Oxidized and Reducing Conditions in Paddy Field Soils -- 5.1.2 Redox Reactions in Soil -- 5.1.3 Water Management and Characteristics of a Paddy Field Soil Profile -- 5.2 Hydrated Iron Oxide -- 5.3 Vivianite -- 5.3.1 Detection of Vivianite in Paddy Field Soil -- 5.3.2 Effect of Water Management on Vivianite in Paddy Field Soil -- 5.3.3 P Accumulation at Redox Interfaces of Rice Roots -- 5.3.4 Vivianite Formation in Bulk Soil -- 5.3.5 P Cycle in Irrigated Lowland Paddy Field Soil -- 5.4 Siderite -- 5.5 Pyrite and Related Sulfur-Containing Inorganic Constituents -- 5.5.1 Noncrystalline Iron(II) Sulfide -- 5.5.2 Pyrite -- 5.5.3 Jarosite -- References -- Chapter 6: Role of Inorganic Soil Constituents in Selected Topics -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Effects of Tsunami on Soils -- 6.2.1 Survey and Analyses of the Tsunami-Affected Soils in Miyagi Prefecture -- 6.2.2 Origin of the Muddy Tsunami Deposit -- 6.2.3 Relationships Between TOC, TN, and TS of the Tsunami Deposits and the Original Soils -- 6.2.4 Evaporites on the Tsunami Deposits -- 6.2.5 Salinization and Sodification -- 6.2.6 Variation in pH of Tsunami Deposits and Original Soils -- 6.2.7 Desalinization and Restoration of the Tsunami-Affected Farmland -- 6.3 Radiocesium -- 6.3.1 Horizontal Distribution of Radiocesium -- 6.3.2 Vertical Distribution of Radiocesium in Soil -- 6.3.3 Fixation of Cesium Ion by Soil -- 6.3.4 Transportation of Radiocesium in Rivers Estimated from Side Bar Deposits -- 6.4 Phosphates Related to Soil-Plant Systems. , 6.4.1 Apatite and Related Reactions -- 6.4.2 Reactions of Phosphate with Active Al and Fe Materials -- 6.4.3 Struvite -- 6.4.4 Phosphorus Management in Farmlands -- References -- Index.

Additional Edition: Print version: Nanzyo, Masami Inorganic Constituents in Soil Singapore : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,c2018 ISBN 9789811312137

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Subjects: Geography , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science

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Additional Edition: Print version: Gurr, Jens Martin Metropolitan Research Bielefeld : transcript Verlag,c2022 ISBN 9783837663105

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Format: 1 online resource (158 pages)

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ISBN: 9783030117351

Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Energy Series

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- About the Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) -- About FEEMś Future Energy Program (FEP) -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: East Africa: Regional Energy Outlook -- References -- Chapter 3: Country-Level Analysis: Power Sector, Energy Resources, and Policy Context -- 3.1 Burundi -- 3.1.1 Electricity Access, Installed Capacity, and Non-renewable Reserves -- 3.1.2 RE Potential -- 3.1.3 RE Policy Framework -- 3.2 Kenya -- 3.2.1 Electricity Access, Installed Capacity, and Non-renewable Reserves -- 3.2.2 RE Potential -- 3.2.3 RE Policy Framework -- 3.3 Malawi -- 3.3.1 Electricity Access, Installed Capacity, and Non-renewable Reserves -- 3.3.2 RE Potential -- 3.3.3 RE Policy Framework -- 3.4 Mozambique -- 3.4.1 Electricity Access, Installed Capacity, and Non-renewable Reserves -- 3.4.2 RE Potential -- 3.4.3 RE Policy Framework -- 3.5 Rwanda -- 3.5.1 Electricity Access, Installed Capacity, and Non-renewable Reserves -- 3.5.2 RE Potential -- 3.5.3 RE Policy Framework -- 3.6 Tanzania -- 3.6.1 Electricity Access, Installed Capacity, and Non-renewable Reserves -- 3.6.2 RE Potential -- 3.6.3 RE Policy Framework -- 3.7 Uganda -- 3.7.1 Electricity Access, Installed Capacity, and Non-renewable Reserves -- 3.7.2 RE Potential -- 3.7.3 RE Policy Framework -- 3.8 South Africa -- 3.8.1 Electricity Access, Installed Capacity, and Non-renewable Reserves -- 3.8.2 RE Potential -- 3.8.3 RE Policy Framework -- References -- Chapter 4: Electrification Scenarios -- 4.1 Background and Scenarios -- 4.2 Assessing Least-Cost Electrification Options for the Population Without Access -- 4.3 Beyond Access: Scenarios for Satisfying the Demand Growth of Already Electrified and Industrial Consumers -- 4.4 Investment Requirements in Perspective -- References. , Chapter 5: Conditions for RE Deployment and Energy Development -- 5.1 Technological Issues -- 5.1.1 RE Displacement and Path Dependency of Energy Mix and Infrastructure -- 5.1.2 Off-Grid Technologies and Storage -- 5.1.3 Hydropower Dependency and Climate Impact -- 5.2 Economic Considerations -- 5.2.1 On-Grid/Decentralised Solutions Trade-Off -- 5.2.2 Household Ability/Willingness-To-Pay for Electrification -- 5.2.3 Uncertainty Over Future Costs and Developments -- 5.3 Transboundary Cooperation -- 5.3.1 Infrastructure -- 5.3.2 The Eastern African Power Pool -- 5.3.3 Energy Resources Sharing and Water Basins Management -- 5.4 Key Policy Challenges -- 5.4.1 Competition, Investment Attractiveness, and the Role of IPPs -- 5.4.2 Subsidies, FiTs, and Policy Instruments -- 5.4.3 Payment Schemes and the Role of Digital Technologies -- 5.5 Channelling Investment: The Role of International Financing Institutions -- References -- Chapter 6: RE Interaction with NG Resources -- References -- Chapter 7: Conclusions and Policy Implications -- Appendix A: Additional Tables and Figures -- Burundi -- Kenya -- Malawi -- Mozambique -- Rwanda -- South Africa -- Tanzania -- Uganda -- Appendix B: Methodology and Parameters of the Electrification Analysis.

Additional Edition: Print version: Hafner, Manfred Renewables for Energy Access and Sustainable Development in East Africa Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2019 ISBN 9783030117344

Language: English

Subjects: Economics , Geography

Keywords: Electronic books.

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Format: 1 online resource (72 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9783030109820

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 The Use of Be-7 as a Soil and Sediment Tracer -- 1.1 Origin and Agro-Environmental Behaviour of 7Be -- 1.1.1 Atmospheric Production of 7Be -- 1.1.2 7Be Fallout -- 1.1.3 7Be Sorption Behaviour in Soils and Sediments -- 1.2 The Use of 7Be as a Soil Redistribution Tracer -- 1.3 Examples of the Application of 7Be as a Soil Redistribution Tracer -- 1.4 The Requirement for a Standardised Approach -- Appendix 1.1: The Profile Distribution Model -- References -- 2 How to Design a Be-7 Based Soil Distribution Study at the Field Scale: A Step-by-Step Approach -- 2.1 Key Sample Sets and Associated Data -- 2.2 Reference Site Selection and Sampling -- 2.3 Sample Design Options for Soil Redistribution -- 2.4 Sampling for Particle Size Selectivity Correction -- 2.5 Summary: Designing a Basic Small Scale 7Be Pilot Study Sampling Programme at the Plot Scale -- Appendix 2.1: Protocol for Extraction of 7Be from Rainwater -- References -- 3 Measurement of Be-7 in Environmental Materials -- 3.1 Overview of Digital Gamma Spectrometry Systems -- 3.2 Preparation of Samples -- 3.2.1 Sample Management -- 3.2.2 Soil Samples -- 3.2.3 Samples of Rainwater -- 3.2.4 Sample Geometry -- 3.3 Calibration Approaches -- 3.3.1 Semi-empirical Calibration Method -- 3.3.2 Monte Carlo Approach -- 3.4 Data Handling and 7Be Analysis -- 3.4.1 Quality Assurance -- Appendix 3.1: Soil Sample Preparation Prior to Gamma Analysis -- Appendix 3.2: Preparation of a Secondary Soil Calibration Standard -- References -- 4 Conversion of Be-7 Activity Concentrations into Soil and Sediment Redistribution Amounts -- 4.1 Implementing the Event-Scale Profile Distribution Model -- 4.2 Accounting for Size Selectivity of Erosion and Deposition Processes in the Profile Distribution Model -- 4.3 Extended Time Series Conversion Model: The Theory. , 4.4 Implementing the Extended Time Series Model -- 4.5 Hillslope Sediment Budget Examples and Inclusion of Uncertainty -- References -- 5 Research into Practice-Linking Be-7 Evidence to Land Management Policy Change for Improved Food Security -- 5.1 The Importance of the Short-Term Perspective for Land Management Policy Makers -- 5.2 Linking Nuclear Techniques in Soil Erosion and Conservation to Policy Change -- 5.3 Example Impact Case Study: Support Provided by The 7Be Technique to Shape Soil Conservation Policy in Morocco -- 5.3.1 Soil Erosion and Conservation Policy Challenges in Morocco -- 5.3.2 From the Laboratory to the Field: The Approach -- 5.3.3 Key Findings and Policy Impacts from 7Be Application in Morocco -- 5.4 Future Trends and Opportunities in Using 7Be -- References.

Additional Edition: Print version: Mabit, Lionel Assessing Recent Soil Erosion Rates Through the Use of Beryllium-7 (Be-7) Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2019 ISBN 9783030109813

Language: English

Subjects: Geography

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Index not Present.

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 119 Seiten) : , Illustrationen, Karten (vorwiegend farbig).

ISBN: 978-981-13-3786-4

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-13-3785-7

Language: English

Subjects: Geography

Keywords: Geologie ; Kartografie ; Geologische Kartierung ; Geschichte ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Electronic books.

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3786-4

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 627 Seiten) : , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (farbig).

ISBN: 978-3-319-92288-1

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover ISBN 978-3-319-92287-4

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback ISBN 978-3-319-95051-8

Language: English

Subjects: Geography

Keywords: Geografie ; Umweltgeografie ; Klimaänderung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Electronic books.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xx, 324 Seiten) : , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Portraits (überweigend farbig).

ISBN: 978-3-319-77440-4

Series Statement: The anthropocene: Politik - economics - society - science volume 27

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-319-77439-8

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-319-77441-1

Language: English

Subjects: Geography

Keywords: Grenzgebiet ; Umweltbezogenes Management ; Hydrologie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Electronic books. ; Aufsatzsammlung

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77440-4

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