UID:
kobvindex_GFZ1688583491
Format:
Getrennte Zählungen
,
Illustrationen, Karten
Edition:
Eighth edition
ISBN:
9781319055325
,
9781319325398
,
1319325394
Note:
Contents
About the Authors
Preface
Chapter 1 The Earth System
The Scientific Method
Hypothesis and Theory
Scientific Models
Importance of Scientific Collaboration
Geology as a Science
Earth's Shape and Surface
Peeling the Onion: Discovery of a Layered Earth
Earth's Density
The Mantle and Core
The Crust
The Inner Core
Chemical Composition of Earth's Major Layers
Earth as a System of Interacting Components
The Climate System
The Plate Tectonic System
The Geodynamo
Interactions Among Geosystems Support Life
An Overview of Geologic Time
The Origin of Earth and Its Global Geosystems
The Evolution of Life
Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics: The Unifying Theory
The Discovery of Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift
Seafloor Spreading
The Great Synthesis: 1963-1968
The Plates and Their Boundaries
Divergent Boundaries
Convergent Boundaries
Transform Faults
Combinations of Plate Boundaries
Rates and History of Plate Movements
The Seafloor as a Magnetic Tape Recorder
Deep-Sea Drilling
Measurements of Plate Movements by Geodesy
The Grand Reconstruction
Seafloor isochrons
Reconstructing the History of Plate Movements
The Breakup of Pangaea
The Assembly of Pangaea by Continental Drift
Implications of the Grand Reconstruction
Mantle Convection:The Engine of Plate Tectonics
Where Do the Plate-Driving Forces Originate?
How Deep Does Plate Recycling Occur?
What Is the Nature of Rising Convection Currents?
Chapter 3 Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks
What Are Minerals?
The Structure of Matter
The Structure of Atoms
Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
Chemical Reactions
Chemical Bonds
The Formation of Minerals
The Atomic Structure of Minerals
The Crystallization of Minerals
How Do Minerals Form?
Classes of Rock-Forming Minerals
Silicates
Carbonates
Oxides
Sulfides
Sulfates
Physical Properties of Minerals
Hardness
Cleavage
Fracture
Luster
Color
Density
Crystal Habit
What Are Rocks?
Properties of Rocks
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
The Rock Cycle: Interactions Between the Plate Tectonic and Climate Systems
Concentrations of Valuable Mineral Resources
Hydrothermal Deposits
Igneous Deposits
Sedimentary Deposits
Mineral Evolution
Chapter 4 Igneous Rocks: Solids from Melts
How Do Igneous Rocks Differ from One Another?
Texture
Chemical and Mineral Composition
How Do Magmas Form?
How Do Rocks Melt?
The Formation of Magma Chambers
Where Do Magmas Form?
Magmatic Differentiation
Fractional Crystallization: Laboratory and Field Observations
Granite from Basalt: Complexities of Magmatic Differentiation
Forms of Igneous Intrusions
Plutons
Sills and Dikes
Veins
Igneous Processes and Plate Tectonics
Spreading Centers as Magma Factories
Subduction Zones as Magma Factories
Mantle Plumes as Magma Factories
Chapter 5 Volcanoes
Volcanoes as Geosystems
Lavas and Other Volcanic Deposits
Types of Lava
Textures of Volcanic Rocks
Pyroclastic Deposits
Eruptive Styles and Landforms
Central Eruptions
Fissure Eruptions
Interactions of Volcanoes with Other Geosystems
Volcanism and the Hydrosphere
Volcanism and the Atmosphere
The Global Pattern of Volcanism
Volcanism at Spreading Centers
Volcanism in Subduction Zones
Intraplate Volcanism: The Mantle Plume Hypothesis
2018 Eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
Volcanism and Human Affairs
Volcanic Hazards
Reducing the Risks of Volcanic Hazards
Natural Resources from Volcanoes
Chapter 6 Sedimentation: Rocks Formed by Surface Processes
Surface Processes of the Rock Cycle Weathering and Erosion: The Source of Sediments
Transportation and Deposition: The Downhill Journey to Sedimentary Basins
Oceans as Chemical Mixing Vats
Sedimentary Basins:The Sinks for Sediments
Rift Basins and Thermal Subsidence Basins
Flexural Basins
Sedimentary Environments
Continental Sedimentary Environments
Shoreline Sedimentary Environments
Marine Sedimentary Environments
Siliciclastic versus Chemical and Biological Sedimentary Environments
Sedimentary Structures
Cross-Bedding
Graded Bedding
Ripples
Bioturbation Structures
Bedding Sequences
Burial and Diagenesis: From Sediment to Rock
Burial
Diagenesis
Classification of SiliciclasticSediments and Sedimentary Rocks
Coarse-Grained Siliciclastics: Gravel and Conglomerate
Medium-Grained Siliciclastics: Sand and Sandstone
Fine-Grained Siliciclastics
Classification of Chemical and Biological Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
Carbonate Sediments and Rocks
Evaporite Sediments and Rocks: Products of Evaporation
Other Biological and Chemical Sediments
Chapter 7 Metamorphism: Alteration of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure
Causes of Metamorphism
The Role of Temperature
The Role of Pressure
The Role of Fluids
Types of Metamorphism
Regional Metamorphism
Contact Metamorphism
Seafloor Metamorphism
Other Types of Metamorphism
MetamorphicTextures
Foliation and Cleavage
Foliated Rocks
Granoblastic Rocks
Porphyroblasts
Regional Metamorphism and Metamorphic Grade
Mineral Isograds: Mapping Zones of Change
Metamorphic Grade and Parent Rock Composition
Metamorphic Fades
PlateTectonics and Metamorphism
Metamorphic Pressure-Temperature Paths
Ocean-Continent Convergence
Continent-Continent Collision
Exhumation: A Link Between the Plate Tectonic and Climate Systems
Chapter 8 Deformation: Modification of Rocks by Folding and Fracturing
PlateTectonic Forces
Mapping Geologic Structure
Measuring Strike and Dip
Geologic Maps
Geologic Cross Sections
How Rocks Deform
Brittle and Ductile Behavior of Rocks in the Laboratory
Brittle and Ductile Behavior of Rocks in Earth's Crust
Basic Deformation Structures
Faults
Folds
Circular Structures
Joints
Deformation Textures
Styles of Continental Deformation
Tensional Tectonics
Compressive Tectonics
Shearing Tectonics
Unraveling Geologic History
Chapter 9 Clocks in Rocks: liming the Geologic Record
Reconstructing Geologic History From the Stratigraphic Record
Principles of Stratigraphy
Fossils as Recorders of Geologic Time
Unconformities: Gaps in the Geologic Record
Cross-Cutting Relationships
The Geologic Time Scale: Relative Ages
Intervals of Geologic Time
Interval Boundaries Mark Mass Extinctions
Ages of Petroleum Source Rocks
Measuring Absolute Time with Isotopic Clocks
Discovery of Radioactivity
Radioactive Isotopes: The Clocks in Rocks
Isotopic Dating Methods
The Geologic Time Scale: Absolute Ages
Eons: The Longest Intervals of Geologic Time
Perspectives on Geologic Time
Recent Advances in Timing the Earth System
Sequence Stratigraphy
,Chemical Stratigraphy
Paleomagnetic Stratigraphy
Clocking the Climate System
Chapter 10 Earthquakes
What Is an Earthquake?
The Elastic Rebound Theory
Fault Rupture During Earthquakes
Foreshocks and Aftershocks
How Do We Study Earthquakes?
Seismographs
Seismic Waves
Locating the Focus
Measuring the Size of an Earthquake
Determining Fault Mechanisms
GPS Measurements and "Silent" Earthquakes
Earthquakes and Patterns of Faulting
The Big Picture: Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics
Regional Fault Systems
Earthquake Hazards and Risks
How Earthquakes Cause Damage
Reducing Earthquake Risk
Can Earthquakes Be Predicted?
Long-Term Forecasting
Short-Term Prediction
Medium-Term Forecasting
Chapter 11 Exploring Earth's Interior
Exploring Earth's Interior with Seismic Waves
Basic Types of Waves
Paths of Seismic Waves Through Earth
Seismic Exploration of Near-Surface Layering
Layering and Composition of Earth's Interior
The Crust
The Mantle
The Core-Mantle Boundary
The Core
Earth's Internal Temperature
Heat Flow Through Earth's Interior
Temperatures Inside Earth
Visualizing Earth'sThree-Dimensional Structure
Seismic Tomography
Earth's Gravitational Field
Earth's Magnetic Field and the Geodynamo
The Dipole Field
Complexity of the Magnetic Field
Paleomagnetism
The Magnetic Field and the Biosphere
Chapter 12 The Climate System
What Is Climate?
Components of the Climate
Former:
Understanding earth [5th edition]
Language:
English
Subjects:
Geography
Keywords:
Lehrbuch
Author information:
Jordan, Thomas H. 1948-
Author information:
Grotzinger, John 1957-
Bookmarklink