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  • Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein  (55)
  • Feministisches Archiv  (5)
  • GB Eggersdorf
  • 1975-1979  (60)
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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Eugene, Or. :Matrix Publ. House,
    UID:
    almafu_BV039945207
    Format: 36 S. : , Ill.
    Language: English
    Author information: Thea
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  • 2
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ20200304155051
    Format: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-21
    Content: The report studies the question of whether Great Lakes freighters could move effectively through ice-clogged channels with the aid of tows provided by warping or kedging systems. Ten operational concepts are outlined, and their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The crushing resistance of floating brash ice is then analyzed. The neutral, active and passive states of stress for laterally confined brash ice are considered, and the resistance to horizontal thrusting by a smooth vertical wall is calculated for cohesionless brash ice, and for ice in which there is finite cohesion between the ice fragments. The thickening of the ice cover in the vicinity of a "pusher", and the formation of pressure ridges, are analyzed in order to estimate the amount of pile-up that can occur against a ship hull. The analysis then moves on to consideration of ship resistance by brash ice, taking into account crushing resistance at the bow, tangential friction at the bow, and hull friction aft of the bow section. Comparisons are made between thrust from the ship’s screws and the calculated ice resistance. The next section of the report estimates the force requirements for a warping or kedging system in terms of thrust augmentation for existing vessels. Tow cable requirements are given, and estimates are made for cable anchors and for anchorage of underwater structures. The force and power requirements for winches and windlasses are given, the practical problems involved in the pickup or transfer of cables are mentioned, and the report concludes with a brief appraisal. The conclusion is that a simple warping tug system is appropriate for a full scale experiment, a chain ferry with auxiliary barge seems attractive for an operational system, and a chain ferry plow may be an efficient way to clear ice from channels.
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Operational concepts A. Warping tug system B. Chain ferry system C. Chain ferry with auxiliary barge D. Ski tow system E. Dual winch warping system F. Simple kedging G. Trailing-line system H. Above-surface dual winch system I. Pulley systems J. Chain ferry plow Crushing resistance of fragmented ice covers Resistance to ship passage by broken ice Crushing resistance at the bow Tangential friction at the bow Hull friction aft of the bow section Total ship resistance from brash ice Comparison of ship thrust and ice resistance Force requirements for a warping or kedging system Tow cable requirements Anchors and anchorages Force and power requirements for winches and windlasses Pickup or transfer of cable General appraisal Literature cited
    In: CRREL Report, 79-21
    Language: English
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
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  • 3
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ106417
    Format: xi, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-7
    Content: The report deals with the cutting of rock and similar materials by parallel motion tools. It examines cutting forces and energy requirements, taking into consideration tool geometry, wear, operating conditions, and material properties. After an introductory discussion of terminology, some general principles are outlined, and relevant theoretical ideas on metal cutting and rock cutting are reviewed. The next section, which is the heart of the report, reviews experimental data on the magnitudes and directions of cutting forces. There is a graphical compilation of data, including some from obscure or unpublished sources. The variables covered include chipping depth, rake angle, relief angle, side rake, base angle, tool width, tool compliance, tool speed, tool wear, tool interactions, and material properties. The second major part of the report treats the energetics of cutting. It begins with a short discussion of relevant principles, and continues with a compilation and review of experimental data, covering the same independent variables as the force section. The report ends with a concise summary of general behavior for parallel motion tools.
    Note: MAB0014.001: ZSP-201-77/7 , CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Principles of cutting Forces acting on a single cutter Theoretical Ideas on cutting Experimental data on cutting forces Effect of chipping depth on tool forces Effect of rake angle on tool forces Effect of relief angle on cutting forces Effect of side rake on tool forces Effect of base angle or face profile on tool forces Effect of rounding at the cutting edge Effect of tool width on cutting forces Tool compliance and force fluctuations Effect of tool speed on cutting forces Effect of rock properties on cutting forces Tool interaction and kerf spacing Effect of multiple pass cutting on tool forces Effect of tool wear on cutting forces Development of wear Energetics of cutting Energetics of parallel-motion tools Variation of specific energy with chipping depth for a single tool Effect of rake angle on specific energy Effect of relief angle on specific energy Effect of side rake on specific energy Effect of base angle or face profile on specific energy Effect of tip radius on specific energy Effect of tool width on specific energy Effect of tool speed on specific energy Variation of specific energy with rock properties Effect of kerf spacing on specific energy Effect of multiple pass cutting on specific energy Effect of tool wear on specific energy General summary Literature cited Appendix Α. Additional data for ice Appendix Β. Conversion factors: U.S. customary and metric units of measurement
    In: CRREL Report, 77-7
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, IV
    Language: English
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
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  • 4
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ20191023152323
    Format: iii, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-36
    Content: In the past decade, various workers have investigated the use of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation for breaking and excavating rock and frozen ground. This report reviews the high-frequency dielectric properties of these materials, the physics of heating, and the existing literature on these subjects. The high-frequency dielectric properties of rocks and soils, and the absorption of energy by these materials, are mainly determined by their liquid water contents. Computer modeling was used to calculate absorption energy as a function of distance behind irradiated faces of earth materials. The resulting computations showed that most energy is absorbed in the first few centimeters of frozen ground and weak soils. However, in hard rocks of low water content, electromagnetic waves penetrate more deeply, and significant amounts of energy are also absorbed tens of centimeters behind the irradiated faces. Test results showed that electromagnetic rock breakage is feasible only for excavations in hard rock; test results from the use of electromagnetic radiation for excavating tunnels in weak rocks and frozen ground are not promising.
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Sorption and desorption of organic contaminants Decontamination methods Aqueous cleaning methods Cleaning or rinsing with organic solvents Chemical neutralization methods Current protocols to decontaminate groundwater sampling devices Variations in methodology Special instructions for cleaning pumps Effectiveness of various decontamination methods Low-temperature considerations Conclusions Literature cited
    In: CRREL Report, 76-36
    Language: English
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
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  • 5
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ122973
    Format: iv, 43 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 333
    Content: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Analogy method. - Method based on the bending theory of elastic plates and the criterion [Sigma]max = [Sigma]f. - Methods based on viscoelastic theories. - Methods based on the yield line theory or limit analysis. - Comparison of analytical and test results. - General remarks. - Effect of bending and shearing forces on deflection of an ice cover. - Determination of Pf(O). - Determination of Pf(t). - Determination of [Sigma]f. - Summary and recommendations. - Literature cited.
    Content: This report contains a critical survey of the literature on the bearing capacity of floating ice plates. It consists of a discussion of general questions, a critical survey of analytical attempts to determine the bearing capacity of floating ice plates, and a survey of field and laboratory tests on floating ice plates and their relation to the analytical results. The paper concludes with a systematic summary of the results, a discussion of observed shortcomings, and suggestions for needed investigations.
    Note: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-333 , Online frei verfügbar
    In: Research report
    Language: English
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  • 6
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ20191029155151
    Format: vi, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-4
    Content: The ice booms on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste.Marie, Michigan and Ontario, were operated a second winter, 1976-77, under colder conditions, with less water flow, lower water levels, and 25% fewer ships in the river than during the previous year. The ice cover behind the booms remained frozen to shore for longer periods, and the loads registered in the booms were relatively unaffected by ship passages compared with the previous year's activity. As in the previous year, most structural load changes took place in the west ice boom and were due to movements of the ice cover immediately upstream of the boom. The cover broke free from shore on three occasions: the first and third occasions were minor events, but on the second occasion the cover cracked free, the timbers remained frozen to it, and the boom structure became damaged by the subsequent ice activity. Three anchor line assemblies broke over a period of about 4 hours; the two latter breaks occurred while a ship was operating in the ice. The first break was in an instrumented line and the measured load was unexpectedly low. The most important break was in the main shore anchor and this opened the boom. The maximum force at this anchor was estimated as less than 115 tons (1,023 kN). Some ice moved downstream without serious consequence and the boom was reconnected in two days. These events point out several factors to be considered in ice booms, such as designing the booms to withstand the action of the solid ice cover as well as the fragmented ice cover, keeping the structures and their assembly simple, and inspecting components and assemblies carefully.
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Ice boom basic principles General loading considerations Design ice areas Prediction of ice boom loads Summary Ice cover forces Ice barrier reaction force Ice forces in the structure Analytical relationships Design force summary Special features Extension of west ice boom Pipe restraint structure Diagonal anchor cables Measurement systems Measured anchor cable forces Data records Average and peak loads Ice activity on or about 1 February 1976 C3W cable forces Ship-induced leads Ice cover load check Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. St. Marys River ice booms test data
    In: CRREL Report, 77-4
    Language: English
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
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  • 7
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ107371
    Format: ix, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-16
    Content: This report, which is one of a series on the mechanics of cutting and boring in rock, deals with the kinematics of machines such as rotary drills, augers, tunnel boring machines, corers, and raise borers, in which the rotary cutting unit revolves about an axis that is parallel to the machine's direction of advance. The discussion and analysis cover the geometry and motion of various components of the cutting systems, including such topics as tool trajectories, tool speeds, motions of the more complicated mechanisms, chipping depth, penetration rates, production and clearance of cuttings, tool angles, and spatial distribution of cutters. Worked examples are given to illustrate the application of various equations to practical problems.
    Note: MAB0014.001: ZSP-201-76/16 , CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Foreword Terminology Trajectories of fixed tools Trajectories of roller cutters and indenters Speed of fixed cutting tools Speed of rolling disc cutters Speed and geometry of "wide" roller cutters Skidding rollers "Spiked" rollers Epicyclic or planetary mechanisms Chipping depth and penetration rate Chip production and cutting removal rate Balancing cutting and clearing rates in flight augers Tool relief angles - kinematic considerations Tool rake angles Distribution and spacing of cutting tools Radial tool spacing Angular tool spacing Spacing in the axial direction Literature cited
    In: CRREL Report, 76-16
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, (DE-B103)20210225152525
    Language: English
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
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  • 8
    Book
    Book
    Wageningen : Centre for Agricultural Publ. and Documentation
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ106254
    Format: 175 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 2., revised and extended edition
    ISBN: 9022006522
    Series Statement: Simulation monographs
    Note: MAB0014.001: PIK M 370-91-0161 , Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Some terminology 1.3 Electrical analogues 1.4 State determined systems 1.5 Simulation languages 2 Exponential growth 2.1 Analytical and numerical integration 2.2 Simulation 2.3 Time constant and time interval of integration 2.4 Integration method and time interval 3 The growth of yeast 3.1 Description of the system 3.2 Relational diagrams 3.3 Simulation 3.4 Logistic growth 4 Interference of plants 4.1 Replacement series 4.2 Density of sowing 4.3 Simulation of plant interference 4.4 Further modelling aspects 4.4.1 The INDEX and MACRO feature 4.4.2 The INITIAL and DYNAMIC section 5 Growth and competition of Paramecium 5.1 Description of the system 5.2 A simulation program 5.3 Preliminary estimation of parameters 5.4 Final determination of parameters 5.5 Stochastic aspects 5.6 The programming of probability functions 6 Modelling of development, dispersion and diffusion 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Physiological age and development stage 6.3 Demographic models 6.3.1 Age-classes 6.3.2 Errors of approximation 6.3.3 The matrix method 6.4 Germination models 6.4.1 Boxcar train without dispersion 6.4.2 Boxcar train with constant relative dispersion 6.4.3 Boxcar train with controlled dispersion 6.4.4 Refinements 6.5 The flow of heat in soils 7 Growth and development of Helminthosporium maydis 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The weather 7.3 Appearance and growth of lesions 7.4 Sporophore or stalk formation 7.5 Sporulation of green stalks 7.6 Sporulation of dried stalks 7.7 Dispersal of spores 7.8 Germination of spores and penetration of germtubes 7.9 Timing, initialization and output organization 7.10 Results and sensitivity analyses 8 Population models for fruit-tree red spider miteand predatory mites 8.1 Fruit-tree red spider mite 8.2 Predatory mite, Amblyseius potentillae 8.3 Relations between predator and prey 8.4 Preference as a competitive process 8.5 Verification 9 Solutions of the exercises References Appendix A Appendix B Index
    Language: English
    Keywords: Lehrbuch
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  • 9
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ061206857
    Format: 113 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0444414894
    Series Statement: Developments in atmospheric science 6
    Note: Contents Preface CHAPTER 1. AIR TEMPERATURE AND SENSIBLE HEAT TRANSFER 1.1. Methods of temperature measurement 1.2. Sources of error in temperature measurement 1.3. Sensor thermal inertia Experiment I. Thermal inertia of a thermometer Experiment II. Measurement of the heat transfer coefficient for a plane surface 1.4. The effect of radiation on temperature sensors Experiment III. Effect of radiation on shielded thermometers 1.5. Electrical resistance thermometers Experiment IV. The dissipation of heat from a resistance thermometer 1.6, A ventilated shield for resistance thermometers CHAPTER 2. SOLAR AND TERRESTRIAL RADIATION 2.1. Specific intensity and radiant flux density 2.2. Radiation scales 2.3. The fluxes of solar and terrestrial radiation Experiment V. The measurement of radiation by a thermometric method 2.4. Radiation instruments Experiment VI. Calibration of a pyranometer against a pyrheliometer 2.5. Lambert's or the Cosine Law Experiment VII. Cosine response of a radiometer 2.6. Direct beam and diffuse calibrations for a radiometer Experiment VIII. Dependence of albedo on solar elevation 2. 7. Radiation measurements over finite plane surfaces Experiment IX. Measurement of the albedo over finite surfaces Experiment X. The measurement of long- and short-wave radiation fluxes Experiment XI. A basic pyrheliometer 2.8. The extra-terrestrial solar flux Experiment XII. Determination of the solar constant CHAPTER 3. AIR AND WATER VAPOUR PRESSURE 3.1. Atmospheric pressure 3.2. Liquid column barometers Experiment XIII. A short water barometer 3.3. Aneroid barometers Experiment XIV. The isothermal atmosphere 3.4. Atmospheric humidity 3.5. Parameters specifying humidity 3.6. The mEasurement of humidity Experiment XV. Observation of the dew point Experiment XVI. The hair hygrometer 3.7. Ory- and wet-bulb thermometry and the psychrometer Experiment XVII. The ventilated wet-bulb thermometer Experiment XVIII. Measurement of the Bowen ratio CHAPTER 4. WIND VELOCITY AND TURBULENT TRANSFER 4.1. Methods of wind speed measurement Experiment XIX. The comparison of anemometers 4.2. The wind velocity profile in the atmospheric boundary layer Experiment XX. Observation of the mean wind profile Experiment XXI. The effect of obstructions on the wind profile Experiment XXII. Determination of momentum transfer by the eddy correlation method 4.3. The scale of turbulence Experiment XXIII. The time scale of turbulent fluctuations 4.4. Turbulent transfer Experiment XXIV. Turbulent transfer of heat and water vapour CHAPTER 5. GROUND TEMPERATURE AND HEAT CONDUCTION 5.1. Methods of ground temperature measurement 5.2. Thermo-electric effects 5.3. The theory of ground heat conduction Experiment XXV. Determination of thermal diffusivity from temperature profile observation Experiment XXVI. Diurnal temperature and heat flux waves in the ground 5.4. Heat flux meters 5.5. Thermopiles Experiment XXVII. Calibration of a heat flux meter Experiment XXVIII. Comparison of temperature and heat flux waves CHAPTER 6. ELECTRICAL ANALOGUE MODELLING OF THERMAL PROCESSES 6.1. Steady state heat conduction 6.2. The performance of a heat flux meter Experiment XXIX. Analysis of the steady state response of a heat flux meter - using conducting paper 6.3. Thermal diffusion Experiment XXX. Modelling of temperature waves in the ground 6.4. Simulation of latent heat processes Experiment XXXI. The growth of ice floating on water 6.5. Sensible heat transfer in the atmospheric boundary layer 6.6. Long-wave radiation transfer simulation Experiment XXXII. A micro-meteorological model REFERENCES INDEX
    In: Developments in atmospheric science, 6
    Language: English
    Subjects: Physics , Geography
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Lehrbuch
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  • 10
    Book
    Book
    Basel, Stuttgart : Birkhäuser
    Show associated volumes
    UID:
    kobvindex_GFZ62532
    Format: 458 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition: 1. Aufl. Reprinted from Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH), Volume 115 (1977), No. 1-2
    ISBN: 3764309520 , 978-3-0348-5745-1
    Series Statement: Contributions to current research in geophysics 3
    Content: This book contains 28 research articles on new approaches and results pertaining to the problem of stress in the earth. Some reviews of important techniques are also given. A wide variety of research fields are represented: overcoring, hydraulic fracturing, mapping of dykes, grain-size paleopiezometry, flow laws of rocks, velocity anisotropy, seismicity, earthquake focal mechanism, stressdrops, and theoretical analysis of crustal rupture and plate motions. This collection of articles reflects well present advances towards mapping and understanding of local and global stress fields.
    Note: Pages 3-10: Principal Horizontal Stresses in Southern Africa / N. C. Gay --- Pages 11-26: Central Europe: Active or Residual Tectonic Stresses / Gerhard Greiner, J. Henning Illies --- Pages 27-40: A Mechanism for Strain Relaxation of Barre Granite: Opening of Microfractures / Terry Engelder, Marc L. Sbar, Robert Kranz --- Pages 41-55: The Relationship Between In Situ Strain Relaxation and Outcrop Fractures in the Potsdam Sandstone, Alexandria Bay, New York / Terry Engelder, Marc L. Sbar --- Pages 57-68: Reflections on Measurement of Residual Stress in Rock / Terry E. Tullis --- Pages 69-86: The Stress State Near Spanish Peaks, Colorado Determined From a Dike Pattern / Otto H. Muller, David D. Pollard --- Pages 87-112: Volcanoes as Possible Indicators of Tectonic Stress Orientation—Aleutians and Alaska / Kazuaki Nakamura, Klaus H. Jacob, John N. Davies --- Pages 113-133: Stress and Shear Fracture (Fault) Patterns Resulting from a Suite of Complicated Boundary Conditions with Applications to the Wind River Mountains / Gary Couples --- Pages 135-152: Preliminary Stress Measurements in Central California Using the Hydraulic Fracturing Technique / Mark D. Zoback, John H. Healy, John C. Roller --- Pages 153-190: Crustal Stress in Iceland / Bezalel C. Haimson, Barry Voight --- Pages 191-198: Shear and Tension Hydraulic Fractures in Low Permeability Rocks / P. Solberg, D. Lockner, J. Byerlee --- Pages 199-226: Stress in the Lithosphere: Inferences from Steady State Flow of Rocks / Jean-Claude C. Mercier, Douglas A. Anderson, Neville L. Carter --- Pages 227-244: Theory and Applicability of a Recrystallized Grain Size Paleopiezometer / Robert J. Twiss --- Pages 245-258: State of Stress in the Lithosphere: Inferences from the Flow Laws of Olivine / Stephen H. Kirby --- Pages 259-265: On Correlation Between Seismic Velocity Anisotropy and Stresses In Situ / I. A. Turchaninov, V. I. Panin, G. A. Markov, V. I. Pavlovskii, N. V. Sharov… --- Pages 267-274: Simultaneous Monitoring of Stress and Strain in Massive Rock / Michael T. Gladwin --- Pages 275-281: Stress Distribution near Lake Jocassee, South Carolina / Pradeep Talwani --- Pages 283-299: Focal Mechanism of Earthquakes in the Kamchatka—Commander Region and Heterogeneities of the Active Seismic Zone / Vyacheslav M. Zobin, Irina G. Simbireva --- Pages 301-316: Implications of Stress-Drop Models of Earthquakes for the Inversion of Stress Drop from Seismic Observations / Raul Madariaga --- Pages 317-331: Apparent Stress and Stress Drop for Intraplate Earthquakes and Tectonic Stress in the Plates / Randall M. Richardson, Sean C. Solomon --- Pages 333-355: Source Parameters for the January 1975 Brawley — Imperial Valley Earthquake Swarm / Stephen H. Hartzell, James N. Brune --- Pages 357-374: Anomalous Seismicity prior to Rock Bursts: Implications for Earthquake Prediction / B. T. Brady --- Pages 375-385: Seismicity Gap near Oaxaca, Southern Mexico as a Probable Precursor to a Large Earthquake / Masakazu Ohtake, Tosimatu Matumoto, Gary V. Latham --- Pages 387-400: Kinetic Shear Resistance, Fluid Pressures and Radiation Efficiency During Seismic Faulting / Richard H. Sibson --- Pages 401-411: A Viscoelastic Relaxation Model for Post-Seismic Deformation from the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 / John B. Rundle, David D. Jackson --- Pages 413-427: Stress Accumulation and Release on the San Andreas Fault / D. L. Turcotte --- Pages 429-439: Shear Stress on the Base of a Lithospheric Plate / Jay Melosh --- Pages 441-458: Earthquake Stress Drops, Ambient Tectonic Stresses and Stresses That Drive Plate Motions / Thomas C. Hanks
    In: Contributions to current research in geophysics
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