Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 294 Seiten.

Uniform Title: Deterrent or defense

Language: German

Subjects: Political Science

Keywords: Ost-West-Konflikt ; Militärische Bedrohung ; Militärpolitik

Author information: Liddell Hart, Basil Henry 1895-1970

UID:

Format: IX, 315 S.

Later: Boorstin, Daniel J. Später u.d.T. The image

Language: English

Subjects: American Studies

Keywords: Gesellschaftskritik ; Massenmedien ; Image ; Wirklichkeit ; Zivilisation ; Wissenssoziologie ; Amerikabild

Author information: Boorstin, Daniel J. 1914-2004

UID:

Format: VIII, 101 S.

Language: English

UID:

Format: viii, 79 Seiten , Illustrationen

Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 88

Content: Summary: Four ground patterns were investigated by means of trenches cut in the outwash near Thule, Greenland: circular and linear depressions in unsorted material, polygonal troughs in unsorted material, sorted circles, and irregular mounds and depressions of low relief formed in unsorted finer grained material. Correlation is made between surface pattern, grain size and structure of the active layer, and type and distribution of ground ice for the patterns investigated. Classification of the active layer as disturbed, slightly disturbed, and undisturbed is based on the condition of primary depositional bedding and the presence or absence of vertical sorting. Other features of the active layer, depending upon its type, are an accumulation of fines at the bottom of the active layer and on top of stones, and a siliceous calcareous evaporite on the under surface and clean washed coarser particles beneath the larger stones. Fabric analysis of four kinds of ground ice is presented: ice wedge, relict ice, ice mass, and ice lens, as well as analysis of the contact of ice wedges with relict and mass ice. Practical applications, based on the conclusions, are given for the selection of foundation sites and the location of non-frost-susceptible building materials. NOTE: This is a very large file. Please give your browser several minutes to download the file.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Glossary Part 1 : Surface pattern, structure of the active layer, and type and distribution of ground ice in the permafrost Pattern type 1: Circular and linear depressions in unsorted outwash Circular depressions, area 1 Structure of the active layer Ground ice and its relation to surface morphology Linear depressions, area 5 Structure of the active layer Ground ice and its relation to surface morphology Pattern t ype 2 and 3: Polygonal troughs in unsorted outwash and sorted circles or centers of fines Area 3 Structure of the active layer Ground ice and its relation to surface morphology Area 4 Structure of the active layer Ground ice and its relat ion to surface morphology Pattern type 4: Mounds and depressions of low relief in unsorted outwash Area 4a Structure of the active layer Ground ice and its relatiop. to surface morphology Part 2: Ground ice studies Area 1 Lens ice History Appearance of the ice Fabric analysis Wedge ice History Appearance of the ice Fabric analysis Relict ice History Appearance of the ice Fabric analysis Contact between ice wedge and relict ice Ice sockets Area 5 Wedge ice Fabric analysis Relict ice Fabric analysis Area 3 Ice mass History Appearance of the ice Fabric analysis Ice wedge Fabric analysis Contact between ice mass and wedge Appearance of the ice Fabric analysis Summary and conclusions Pattern type 1: Linear and circular depressions in. unsorted outwash Pattern type 2: Polygonal troughs formed in unsorted outwash Pattern type 3: Sorted circles or centers of fines Pattern type 4: Mounds and depressions of low relief in fine-grained unsorted outwash Engineering applications References Appendix A: Associated studies Appendix B : Recommendations for further field and laboratory work Appendix C: Recommendations for field and laboratory techniques

In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 88

Language: English

Keywords: Forschungsbericht

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5867

UID:

Format: 16 Seiten , Illustrationen

Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 145

Content: An analysis is made of the time required to build up an ice-age ice sheet and of the time required to destroy such an ice sheet. The calculations are based on the approximation that the theory of perfect plasticity is valid. It is concluded that the time required to eliminate it. If it is assumed that the accumulation rate of an ice-age ice sheet lies of a large ic sheet is of the order of 15.000 to 30.00 years. Ablation rates of 1 to 2 meters/year lead to shrinkage times of the order of 2000 to 4000 years, provided ablation occurs over an appreciable area of the ice sheet.

Note: Contents: Preface. - Summary. - Introduction. - Basis of theory. - Basic equations. - Ice sheets with only accumulation or ablation. - Growing ice sheets which contain only an accumulation zone. - Shrinking ice sheets which contain only an ablation zone. - Comments. - Ice sheet with both accumulation and ablation zones. - Growing ice sheets. - Shrinking ice sheets. - Conclusions. - References.

In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 145

Language: English

Keywords: Forschungsbericht

UID:

Format: 319 S. , 21 cm

Uniform Title: Tolstoy or Dostoevsky 〈dt.〉

Note: Bibliogr. S. 313 - 316

Language: German

Keywords: Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič 1828-1910 ; Roman ; Dostoevskij, Fëdor Michajlovič 1821-1881 ; Roman

Author information: Steiner, George 1929-2020

Author information: Knust, Theodor 1908-

Author information: Knust, Jutta

UID:

Format: vi, 48, A4 Seiten , Illustrationen

Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 66

Content: Summary: A simple theory is proposed for crack formation and development by soil desiccation on the basis of laboratory experiments utilizing soil samples (Bloomington till) with max particle size of 1 mm diam. held in flat wooden containers. The crack pattern is more dependent on the thickness of the soil sample than on temperature or humidity. Some effect is caused also by differences in the bottom material of the containers. The area of cells made by crack patterns has a log normal size distribution. Total length of cracks decreases with increase in sample thickness. The number of sides of cells also depends on the thickness. Cracking was found to begin from the center of the soil layer and to propagate to the surface or bottom with non-uniform speed.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Soil material Soil Preparation of the soil material Containers Temperature and humidity of the air Moisture content and dry density of the soil Experimental procedures and results General procedures Definition of the characteristics of cracking of soil Cracking moisture content Size of cells made by cracking of the soil Length of cracks Number of sides of cells Development of cracks Additional experiments Interfacial fracture markings Method of auxilliary tests on physical properties of the soil Elastic constants of the soil Shrinkage of soil due to desiccation Tests of the adhesion between the soil and the bottom material Results of auxiliary tests Elastic constants of the soil Free shrinkage process of the soil due to desiccation Adhesion between the soil and glass or wood Mechanism of crack formation due to the desiccation of soil Geometric interpretation Mechanical interpretation Conclusions References Appendix: Table of experiments

In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 66

Language: English

Keywords: Forschungsbericht

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/2755

UID:

Format: xv, 554 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.

Note: MAB0014.001: M 93.0087/2 , MAB0039: Monographie , MAB0455.001: 2. The composition of sea-water : comparative and descriptive oceanography. - 1963 , CONTENTS: THE COMPOSITION OF SEA-WATER. - SECTION I. CHEMISTRY. - 1. THE OCEANS AS A CHEMICAL SYSTEM / BY E. D. GOLDBERG. - 1. The composition of sea-water. - 2. Reactivities of the elements. - 3. Chemical reaction in the oceans and the compositions of the end-products. - 4. Space and time distributions of the elements. - 2. THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANISMS ON THE COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER / BY A. C. REDFIELD, B. H. KETCHUM AND F. A. RICHARDS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The biochemical cycle. - 3. The biochemical circulation. - 3. ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY IN THE SEA / BY Y. MIYAKE. - 1. Artificial radioactivity in oceanic waters. - 2. Enrichment of radioactive substances in marine products. - 3. Artificial radioactivity as a tracer of water movements in the ocean. - 4. Disposal of radioactive waste in the ocean. - 4. RADIOISOTOPES AND LARGE-SCALE OCEANIC MIXING / W. BROECKER. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Useful isotopes. - 3. Steady-state distribution of 14C. - 4. Ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange rates. - 5. Oceanic mixing models. - 6. Industrial CO2 effect. - 7. 226Ra distribution. - 8. 90Sr distribution. - 9. Non-steady-state conditions. - 10. Conclusion. - 5. CHEMICAL INSTRUMENTATION / BY D. E. CARRITT. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Chlorinity, salinity, density and related properties. - 3. Water tagging and tracer techniques. - 4. Measurement of dissolved gases. - 6. WATER SAMPLING AND THERMOMETERS / BY H. F. P. HERDMAN. - 1. Sampling. - 2. Thermometry. - SECTION II. FERTILITY OF THE OCEANS. - 7. PRODUCTIVITY, DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT / BY E. STEEMANN NIELSEN. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Definitions. - 3. Methods for measuring primary production. - 4. The relation between the rate of gross production and net production below a surface unit. - 5. Transparency of the water versus organic production. - 6. The significance of single individual measurements of primary production. - 7. The influence of weather conditions. - 8. ORGANIC REGULATION OF PHYTOPLANKTON FERTILITY / BY L. PROVASOLI. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Data from chemical analysis. - 3. Organic products of algae and bacteria. - 4. Nutritional requirements of marine algae. - 5. Crustacea and organic solutes. - 6. Data from biological analysis of sea-water. - 7. Prospects. - 8. Addendum. - 9. BIOASSAY OF TRACE SUBSTANCES / BY W. L. BELSER. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Vitamins. - 3. Amino acids. - 4. Purines and pyrimidines. - 5. Perspectives. - COMPARATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE OCEANOGRAPHY. - SECTION III. CURRENTS. - 10. EQUATORIAL CURRENT SYSTEMS / BY J. A. KNAUSS. - 1. Methods of study of ocean currents. - 2. Gross circulation pattern. - 3. A two-layer ocean - the thermocline. - 4. Zonal fiow-geostrophic currents. - 5. Meridional flow-upwelling. - 6. Conclusions and speculations. - 11. EASTERN BOUNDARY CURRENTS / BY W. S. WOOSTER AND J. L. REID, JR. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Common features of eastern boundary currents. - 3. Coastal upwelling. -4. Poleward eastern boundary currents. - 5. Biological implications. - 12. THE SOUTHERN OCEAN / BY G. E. R. DEACON. - 1. Topography. - 2. Oceanographic data. - 3. Wind zones. - 4. The water-masses. - 5. Climatology and zoogeography. - 6. Nutrient salts. - 7. Future needs. - 13. DEEP-CURRENT MEASUREMENTS USING NEUTRALLY BUOYANT FLOATS / BY G. H. VOLKMANN. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The pinger. - 3. Measurements. - 14. DROGUES AND NEUTRAL-BUOYANT FLOATS / BY J. A. KNAUSS. - 15. ESTUARIES / BY W. M. CAMERON AND D. W. PRITCHARD. - 1. Definition of estuaries. - 2. General considerations. - 3. Estuarine circulation patterns. - 4. Some variations on the estuarine sequence. - 5. Flushing in estuaries. - 6. Dynamics of estuaries. - 7. Kinematic description of the distribution of properties in an estuary. - 16. APPLICATIONS OF THE GYROPENDULUM / BY W. S. VON ARX. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The gyropendulum. - 3. The problem of time variations. - SECTION IV. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY. - 17. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS IN.PRODUCTIVITY / BY J. H. RYTHER. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Incident radiation. - 3. Transparency. - 4. Nutrients. - 5. Latitudinal variations in the stability of surface water. - 6. Productivity of the major oceanic regions. - 7. Hydrodynamic features which influence productivity. - 8. Plankton production in coastal and inshore waters. - 9. Production of benthic plant communities. - 18. BIOLOGICAL SPECIES, WATER-MASSES AND CRRRENTS / BY M. W. JOHNSON AND E. BRINTON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Water-masses and biological species. - 3. Water currents and biological species. - 19. COMMUNITIES OF ORGANISMS / BY E. W. FAGER. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Definition of community. - 3. Identification of communities. - 4. Community structure. - 5. Community function. - 6. Community theory. - 20. THEORY OF FOOD-CHAIN RELATIONS IN THE OCEAN / BY G. A. RILEY. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Mathematical models of plankton populations. - 3. Complex versus simple models. - 4. Prognosis for mathematical models. - 5. Higher elements of the food chain. - 21. FISHERY DYNAMICS - THEIR ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION / BY M. B. SCHAEFER AND R. J. H. BEVERTON. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The Beverton-Holt approach. - 3. The Schaefer approach. - 4. Concluding remarks. - SECTION V. OCEANOGRAPHICAL MISCELLANEA. - 22. SEASONAL CHANGES IN SEA-LEVEL / BY JUNE G. PATTULLO. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The observed seasonal variations. - 3. Factors influencing variations in sea-level. - 4. Summary. - 5. Conclusions. - 23. BATHYSCAPHS AND OTHER DEEP SUBMERSIBLES FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH / BY R. S. DIETZ. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Diving chambers. - 3. Bathyscaphs. - 4. Diving saucer. - 5. Buoyant-hulled deep ships or bathynauts. - 6. Deep-research vessel (D.R.V.). - 7. Remote underwater manipulator (RUM). - 8. Concluding remarks. - 24. DEEP-SEA ANCHORING AND MOORING / BY JOHN D. ISAACS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Historical background. - 3. Problems of taut-mooring. - 4. Remarks on components of moorings. - 5. Mooring cables. - 6. The anchors. - 7. Fittings. - 8. Performance. - AUTHOR INDEX. - SUBJECT INDEX.

In: The sea ; 2, Vol. 2

Language: English

UID:

Format: 515 Seiten , Illustrationen

Uniform Title: Geology of the Arctic proceedings of the first International Symposium on Arctic Geology

Content: В 1960 г. в Канаде состоялся Первый международный симпозиум по геологии Арктики, в котором привяли участие советские, канадские, американские, английские, датские и норвежские ученые. Итогом работ симпозиума явился настоящий сборник, в котором сведены новейшие материалы по геологии, океанологии, гляциологии и климатологии северных полярных областей земного шара. Эти работы дают отчетливое представление о геологическом строении огромных территорий Канады и Аляски, о рельефе и характере осадков два Северного Ледовитого океана, о ледовом режиме Арктики. Необходимо отметить, что до недавнего времени многие области зарубежной Арктики были белыми пятнами на геологических картах; первые сведения о них содержатся в статьях этого сборника. Новые материалы сборника дают ценнейшие сведения для сравнительных оценок геологических условий и обстановки оруденения северных областей советской и зарубежной Арктики.

Content: Translation of abstract: In 1960, the First International Symposium on Arctic Geology was held in Canada, in which Soviet, Canadian, American, English, Danish and Norwegian scientists took part. The result of the symposium was this collection, which brings together the latest materials on geology, oceanology, glaciology and climatology of the northern polar regions of the globe. These works give a clear idea of the geological structure of the vast territories of Canada and Alaska, the relief and nature of precipitation in the two Arctic Oceans, and the ice regime of the Arctic. It should be noted that before recently, many areas of the foreign Arctic were blank spots on geological maps; the first information about them is contained in the articles in this collection. New materials in the collection provide valuable information for comparative assessments of geological conditions and mineralization conditions in the northern regions of the Soviet and foreign Arctic.

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие Предисловие к английскому изданию Введение ШПИЦБЕРГЕН Схема структурной истории Шпицбергена / В. Б. Харланд ГРЕНЛАНДИЯ Обзор геологии северной и восточной Гренландии Докембрийские и нижнепалеозойские структурные элементы и осадконакопление в северной и восточной Гренландии / Л. Кох Каролиниды: орогенический пояс позднедокембрийского возраста в северо-восточной Гренландии / Дж. Халлер Нижний палеозой Гренландии / Дж. Коуи Значение каледонской орогении в Гренландии / Дж. Халлер Девонские отложения центральной части восточной Гренландии / Х. Бютлер Континентальные иаменноугольные и нижнепермские отложения центральной части восточной Гренландии / Х. Бютлер Пермь Гренландии / В. Майнц Триас восточной Гренландии / Р. Трюмпи Юрские отложения восточной Гренландии / Дж. Х. Калломон Меловые отложения восточной Гренландии / Д. Т. Донован Третичные отложения Гренландии / Э. Венк Стратиграфия позднего докембрия восточной Гренландии / Х. Р. Кац О хронологии докембрия западной Гренландии / А. Бертельсен КАНАДА Структурная истории Канадского арктического архипелага с докембрийского времени / Р. Topcтeйнccoн, Е. T. Тозер Общий обзор геологии докембрии арктической части Канады / Р. Г. Блакадар, Дж. А. Фрейзер Стратиграфия нижнего палеозоя Канадского арктического архипелага / Р. Торетейнссон Общий очерк стратиграфии мезозойских и третичных отложений Канадского арктического архипелага / Е. T. Тозер Соотношение дислокаций складчатого пояса островов Парри и корнуоллисских складчатых структур на востоке острова Батерст Канадского арктического архипелага / Э. Н. Мак-Нейр Геологическая интерпретация аэромагнитных профилей, проведенных через Канадский арктический архипелаг / А. Ф. Грегори, М. Е. Бауэр, Л. В. Морлей Тектоническое строение северной Канады / Л. Дж. Мартин Каледонские или акадийские граниты северной части территории Юкон / Х. Бадегард, Р. И. Фолинеби, Дж. Липсон Стратиграфия девона района среднего течения реки Макензи, Северо-Западные территории, Канада / Х. Г. Бacceт Стратиграфия девонских отложений района Нориан-Уэлс / Т. Cтopu АЛЯСКА Изучение тектоники Аляски / Г. Грик Корреляция палеозойских пород Аляски / Дж. Т. Дутромл Новые данные о распространении верхнетретичных континентальных отложений на Аляске и в северо-западной Канаде / В. С. Бениннгхоф, Г. В. Холмс, Д. М. Гопкинс АРКТИЧЕСКИЙ БАССЕЙН Истории геологических знаний о происхождении Арктинеского бассейна / А. Дж. Ирдли Срединно-океанический хребет и его продолжение через Арктический бассейн / Б. К. Хейзен, М. Юииг Продолжение горных цепей в Арктике в прошлом / Дж. T. Вилъсон Сейсмическое исследование дна Арктического океана / К. Ханкинс Гальки, поднятые при драгировании в центральной части Северного Ледовитого океана / В. Шварцахер, К. Ханкинс Батиметрия моря Бофорта / А. Дж. Kapcoла, Р. Л. Фишер, К. Дж. Шипек, Г. Шамвей Предварительные результаты исследований арктической дрейфующей станции Чарли / В. Дж. Кроми Геофизические исследования на дрейфующей станции МГГ Браво, Т-3, 1958-1959 гr. / Д. Плоуфф, Г. В. Келлер, Ф. Ц, Фришкнехт, Р. Р. Уол Морские геологические наблюдения в Баренцовом море / Х. Игнатиус Морская геология и батиметрия шельфа Чукотского моря в районе Оготорук-Крик, северо-западная Аляска / Д. В. Схолл, К. Л. Сайнсбери Геоморфология Арктического бассейна / Р. Дитц, Дж. Шамвей Предметный указатель Указатель географических названий , Translation of Content Preface Preface to the English edition Introduction SPITSBERGEN Scheme of the structural history of Spitsbergen / W. B. Harland GREENLAND Review of the geology of northern and eastern Greenland Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic structural elements and sedimentation in northern and eastern Greenland / L. Koch Carolinids: Late Precambrian orogenic belt in northeastern Greenland / J. Haller Lower Paleozoic of Greenland / J. Cowie The significance of the Caledonian orogeny in Greenland / J. Haller Devonian deposits of the central part of eastern Greenland / H. Bütler Continental Carboniferous and Lower Permian deposits of the central part of eastern Greenland / H. Bütler Perm Greenland / V. Mainz Triassic of eastern Greenland / R. Trumpy Jurassic deposits of eastern Greenland / J. H. Callomon Cretaceous deposits of eastern Greenland / D. T. Donovan Tertiary deposits of Greenland / E. Wenk Late Precambrian stratigraphy of eastern Greenland / H. R. Katz On the chronology of the Precambrian of western Greenland / A. Bertelsen CANADA Structural history of the Canadian Arctic archipelago since Precambrian time / R. Topsteinson, E. T. Tozer General overview of the Precambrian geology of the Canadian Arctic / R. G. Blakadar, J. A. Fraser Stratigraphy of the Lower Paleozoic of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago / R. Thoreteinsson General outline of the stratigraphy of Mesozoic and Tertiary deposits of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago / E. T. Tozer The relationship between the dislocations of the Parry Islands fold belt and the Cornwallis fold structures in the east of Bathurst Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago / E. N. McNair Geological interpretation of aeromagnetic profiles drawn through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago / A. F. Gregory, M. E. Bauer, L. V. Morley Tectonic structure of northern Canada / L. J. Martin Caledonian or Acadian granites of the northern Yukon Territory / H. Badegard, R. I. Folineby, J. Lipson Devonian stratigraphy of the middle Mackenzie River region, Northwest Territories, Canada / H. G. Basset Stratigraphy of Devonian deposits of the Norian-Wells region / T. Stopu ALASKA Study of Alaska tectonics / G. Grik Correlation of Paleozoic Rocks of Alaska / J. T. Dutroml New data on the distribution of Upper Tertiary continental sediments in Alaska and northwestern Canada / V. S. Beninghof, G. W. Holmes, D. M. Hopkins ARCTIC POOL Stories of geological knowledge about the origin of the Arctic Basin / A. J. Eardley Mid-ocean ridge and its continuation through the Arctic basin / B. K. Hazen, M. Huig The continuation of mountain ranges in the Arctic in the past / J. T. Wilson Seismic exploration of the Arctic ocean floor / K. Hankins Pebbles raised during dredging in the central part of the Arctic Ocean / V. Schwarzacher, K. Hankins Bathymetry of the Beaufort Sea / A. J. Kapcola, R. L. Fisher, K. J. Shipek, G. Shumway Preliminary results of studies of the Arctic drifting station Charlie / W. J. Cromie Geophysical research at the drifting station MGG Bravo, T-3, 1958-1959. / D. Plouffe, G. W. Keller, F. Z, Frischknecht, R. R. Wahl Marine geological observations in the Barents Sea / H. Ignatius Marine geology and bathymetry of the Chukchi Sea shelf in the Ogotoruk Creek area, northwestern Alaska / D. W. Scholl, K. L. Sainsbury Geomorphology of the Arctic Basin / R. Dietz, J. Shumway Subject index Index of geographical names , In kyrillischer Schrift

Additional Edition: Geology of the Arctic : Vol. 1

Additional Edition: Geology of the Arctic : Vol. 2

Language: Russian

Keywords: Konferenzschrift

UID:

Format: xv, 864 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.

Edition: 1. publ.

Note: MAB0014.001: M 93.0087/1 , MAB0014.002: MOP 34194 , MAB0039: Monographie , MAB0455.001: 1. Physical oceanography. - 1962 , CONTENTS: PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY. - SECTION I. FUNDAMENTALS. - 1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SEA-WATER / BY N. P. FOFONOFF. - 1. The equilibrium thermodynamic state. - 2. Equation of state for sea-water. - 3. Entropy. - 4. Chemical potential difference. - 5. The non-equilibrium state. - 6. Other physical properties of sea-water. - 2. THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF SEA-WATER / BY CARL ECKART. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Thermodynamics. - 3. Hydrodynamics. - 4. The irreversible processes. - 5. Transformation of the equation. - 6. The zeroth approximation. - 7. The first approximation. - 8. Definitions related to convective motion. - 9. The field equations. - SECTION II. INTERCHANGE OF PROPERTIES BETWEEN SEA AND AIR. - 3. SMALL-SCALE INTERACTIONS / BY E. L. DEACON AND E. K. WEBB. - 1. General considerations of transfer. - 2. Momentum transfer and the wind-profile. - 3. Drag coefficients of the sea surface. - 4. Transfer of heat and water vapour. - 4. LARGE-SCALE INTERACTIONS / BY JOANNE S. MALKUS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. How the whole system works. - 3. Determination of air-sea fluxes. - 4. Climatology of energy exchange and the global heat and water budgets. - 5. Heat and water exchange and its role in tropical circulations. - 6. Large-scale momentum relations. - 7. Exchange mechanisms and fluctuations. - 8. Exchange fluctuations in mid-latitudes and long-period interaction anomalies. - 9. Concluding remarks. - 5. INSOLUBLES / BY R. W. REX AND E. D. GOLDBERG. - 1. Meteorology of transport. - 2. Eolian materials in marine sediments. - 6. SOLUBLES / BY A. H. WOODCOCK. - 7. GASES / BY R. REVELLE AND H. E. SUESS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Oxygen and nitrogen. - 3. Rare gases. - 4. Carbon dioxide. - SECTION III. DYNAMICS OF OCEAN CURRENTS / BY N. P. FOFONOFF. - 1. Conservation equations for momentum and mass. - 2. Separation into steady and time-dependent motion. - 3. Magnitude of forces. - 4. Steady-state circulation. - 5. Steady inertial circulation. - 6. Convective circulation. - 7. Time-dependent motion. - SECTION IV. TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY WITHIN THE SEA. - 8. LIGHT / BY J. E. TYLER AND R. W. PREISENDORFER. - 1. Physical constructs. - 2. Instrumentation for the measurement of the underwater light field and the determination of the optical properties of the sea. - 3. Radiance distribution. - 4. Attenuation coefficient. - 5. Volume scattering functions and total scattering coefficient. - 6. Irradiance. - 7. Diffuse attenuation function and reflectance function. - 8. Scalar irradiance (spherical irradiance). - 9. Absorption coefficient. - 10. Path function. - 11. Data. - 12. Applications. - 13. List of symbols. - 9. UNDERWATER VISIBILITY / BY S. Q. DUNTLEY. - 1. Image transmission. - 2. Inherent contrast. - 3. Sighting range. - 10. LIGHT AND ANIMAL LIFE / BY G. L. CLARKE AND E. J. DENTON. - 11. OTHER ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION / BY L. N. LIEBERMANN. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Electromagnetic properties of sea-water. - 3. Propagation through sea-water. - 4. The effect of the sea-surface on electromagnetic propagation. - 5. Natural electromagnetic radiation or "noise" in the sea. - 12. SOUND IN THE SEA / BY P. VIGOUREUX and J. B. HERSEY. - 1. The nature of sound. - 2. Propagation of sound in water. - 3. Noise. - 4. Instruments and applications of sound to oceanography. - 13. SOUND SCATTERING BY MARINE ORGANISMS / BY J. B. HERSEY AND R. H. BACKUS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Occurrence and description of scattering layers. - 3. Identification of sound scatterers. - 4. Sound-scattering theory. - 5. Sound-scattering observations. - 6. What is "the deep scattering layer"?. - 7. Ideas and miscellaneous observations. - 14. SOUND PRODUCTION BY MARINE ANIMALS / BY W. E. SCHEVILL, R. H. BACKUS, AND J. B. HERSEY. - 1. Introduction. - 2. History. - 3. Instrumentation. - 4. Identification of source. - 5. Purposeful and adventitious sounds. - 6. Sound-producing mechanisms. - 7. Spectra of sounds. - 8. Functions of sound. - 9. Hearing as related to sound production. - 10. Eliciting and suppressing marine animal sounds. - 11. Exploitation of marine animal sounds by the oceanographer. - SECTION V. WAVES. - 15. ANALYSIS AND STATISTICS / BY D. E. CARTWRIGHT. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Fundamental equations of wave motion. - 3. Statistical formulation. - 4. Properties of a wave system in terms of its directional energy spectrum. - 5. Estimating the directional energy spectrum. - 6. Waves recorded by a single detector. - 7. Spectral measurement. - 8. Second-order approximations to energy spectra. - 16. LONG-TERM VARIATIONS IN SEA-LEVEL / BY J. R. ROSSITER. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The determination of mean sea-level. - 3. Causes of variations in sea-level. - 4. The analysis of observations. - 5. Some geophysical implications of long-term variations in sea-level. - 6. Conclusion. - 17. SURGES / BY P. GROEN AND G. W. GROVES. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Description. - 3. Dynamics and forecasting. - 18. LONG OCEAN WAVES / BY W. H. MUNK. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The instruments. - 3. The spectrum. - 4. Surf beat. - 5. Shelf waves. - 6. Tsunamis. - 19. WIND WAVES / BY N. F. BARBER AND M. J. TUCKER. - 1. Kinematics of waves. - 2. The description of a complicated wave pattern: the wave spectrum. - 3. Theories of wave generation by wind. - 4. Wave prediction. - 5. Waves from distant storms. - 6. Waves approaching the shore. - 7. The surf zone. - 8. Ships and waves. - 9. Methods of observation and analysis-methods taking no account of direction of travel. - 10. Methods of observation and analysis - the directional power spectrum. - 20. MICROSEISMS / BY J. DARBYSHIRE. - 1. Relation between sea waves and microseisms. - 2. The nature of microseisms. - 3. Refraction of microseisms. - 4. Storm tracking and estimation of the direction of approach of microseisms. - 5. Estimation of direction from the nature of microseisms. - 6. Instruments. - 7. Other work. - 21. RIPPLES / BY C. S. COX. - 1. Spectrum and mean square slope. - 2. Effect of slicks. - 3. Shape of a rippled water surface. - 4. Growth of ripples. - 22. INTERNAL WAVES : Part I / BY E. C. LAFOND. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Measurements. - 3. Observed relations. - 22. INTERNAL WAVES : Part II / BY C. S. COX. - 4. Differential equations. - 5. Spectrum. - 6. Internal waves and turbulence. - 23. TIDES / BY W. HANSEN. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The hydrodynamic equations and their application to tidal problems. - 3. Tidal observation. - 4. Tidal charts. - 5. Classical theory. - 6. Numerical methods for ascef!.aining the tides and tidal currents. Boundary-value problems. - 7. The application of difference methods to initial-boundary problems. - 8. Numerical solutions of initial-boundary-value problems of tides in one and two dimensions. - 9. Internal tides. - SECTION VI. TURBULENCE / BY K. F. BOWDEN. - 1. General properties of turbulence. - 2. Turbulence in the sea. - 3. Turbulent fluctuations and turbulent transports. - 4. Vertical turbulence. - 5. Horizontal turbulence. - SECTION VII. THE PHYSICS OF SEA-ICE / BY E. R. POUNDER. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Mechanical properties. - 3. Thermal properties. - 4. Electrical properties. - 5. Growth and disintegration of an ice cover. - 6. Theory of sea-ice structure and properties. - AUTHOR INDEX. - SUBJECT INDEX.

In: The sea ; 1, Vol. 1

Language: English