Format:
IX, 348 S.
ISBN:
0-939950-25-1
,
978-0-939950-25-6
ISSN:
1529-6466
Series Statement:
Reviews in mineralogy 21
Content:
The authors of this volume presented a short course on the rare earth elements to about 80 participants in San Francisco, California, December 1-3, 1989, just prior to the fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union.
Note:
MAB0014.001: M 93.0022/21
,
MAB0026.001: Hrsg.; GT
,
MAB0036: Washington, D.C.: The ineralogical Society of America, 1989. - IX, 348 S.
,
MAB0039: Monographie
,
MAB0014.001: M 92.0764
,
MAB0014.002: AWI G6-96-0436
,
MAB0036: Washington : The Mineralogical Soc. of America, 1989. - IX, 348 S.
,
MAB0039: Monographie aus Schriftenreihe
,
Table of Contents:
Copyright; Additional copies. -
Foreword and acknowledgements. -
Chapter 1. Cosmochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements: Condensation and Evaporation Processes / by William V. Boynton. -
Introduction. -
Meteorites. -
Astrophysical context for interpretation of cosmochemical data. -
Solar nebula. -
Solar abundances. -
Cosmochemical properties of the REE. -
REE condensation reactions. -
Activity coefficients. -
Partial pressures. -
Solid / gas distribution coefficients. -
Why are the REE volatilities so different?. -
Calculated REE patterns. -
Early condensates. -
Removing REE in the gas. -
Comparison with meteoritic data. -
Ultra-refractory component. -
Group II inclusions. -
FUN inclusions. -
REE condensation as a function of oxygen fugacity. -
Rims on CAI. -
What have we learned from the REE?. -
High temperatures were achieved in the solar nebula. -
A very efficient mechanism for gas/dust separation existed in the solar nebula. -
The high nebular temperatures existed for a long time. -
A very intense, very brief, heat source also existed. -
The solar nebula was a chaotic environment. -
Summary. -
Acknowledgements. -
References. -
Chapter 2. Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements / by P. Jonathan Patchett. -
Introduction. -
Long-lived radioactive isotopes of Rare Earth Elements. -
138La-138Ce decay. -
147Sm-143Nd decay. -
176Lu-176Hf decay. -
Cemical variations of La/Ce, Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ratios. -
Geochronological studies. -
La-Ce and Lu-Hf chronology. -
Sm-Nd chronology. -
Defining bulk planetary isotopic evolution. -
Isotopic study of planetary interiors. -
The Moon. -
The Earth. -
Nd isotopes in studies of terrestrial crustal evolution. -
Model Nd ages of continental crust. -
Growth curves for the continental crust. -
Origin of granitoids. -
Nd isotopes and the sedimentary system. -
Characterization of whole crustal terranes. -
Crustal Lu-Hf isotopic studies. -
Major unsolved problems. -
Continental crustal growth curve. -
Abundance of Archean continental crust. -
Origin of mantle isotopic variations. -
References. -
Chapter 3. Partitioning of Rare Earth Elements between Major Silicate Minerals and Basaltic Melts / by Gordon A. McKay. -
Introduction. -
Usefulness of the REE for petrogenetic modelling. -
Scope of this chapter. -
Caveat. -
How partition coefficients are measured. -
Phenocryst/matrix studies of natural samples. -
Experimental measurement of partition coefficients. -
Basic experimental approach. -
Equilibrium. -
Percent level doping technique. -
Beta-track mapping technique. -
Other experimental approaches. -
Henry's law: The applicability of percent-level doping results. -
Factors governing mineral/melt partitioning. -
Ionic size and charge of trace element. -
Crystal field effects. -
Cristallographic versus defect sites: The Henry's law question. -
Phase compositions. -
Oxidation state. -
Thermodynamic relationships: Dependence of partitioning on temperature and composition. -
Other predictive approaches. -
Special applications. -
Eu as an oxygen fugacity indicator. -
Origin of the Eu anomaly in lunar mare basalts. -
REE partition coefficient patterns for the major minerals. -
Plagioclase. -
Olivine. -
Pyroxene. -
Low-Ca pyroxene. -
High-Ca pyroxene. -
Garnet. -
Future directions. -
Acknowledgements. -
References. -
Chapter 4. An Approach to Trace Element Modeling Using a Simple Igneous System as an Example / by Gilbert N. Hanson. -
Introduction. -
Review of trace element equations. -
Melting. -
Fractional crystallization. -
Melting versus fractional crystallization. -
Essential structural constituents. -
Example of petrogenetic approach. -
Discussion and summary. -
Acknowledgements. -
References. -
Chapter 5. Rare Earth Elements in Upper Mantle Rocks / by W. F. McDonough and Fredrick A. Frey. -
Introduction. -
Massive peridotites. -
Massive peridotites: dominantly lherzolite
Western Alps - Lanzo. -
Western Alps -Baldissero, Balmuccia. -
Eastern Liguria, Italy. -
Western Liguria, Italy. -
Eastern Pyrenees - France. -
Ronda, Spain
Effects of late stage alteration on REE. -
What can be inferred about the melting process and the segregated melts?. -
Massive peridotites: pyroxenite layers and veins and their wall rocks. -
Amphibole-bearing pyroxenite veins. -
Anhydrous pyroxenite layers. -
How were the pyroxenite layers created? Evidence for multistage processes. -
Implications for mantle enrichment processes (metasomatism). -
Massive peridotites: dominantly harzburgite. -
Oceanic peridotites. -
Ultramafic xenoliths. -
Group I spinel peridotites. -
Garnet peridotites. -
Pyroxenite and related xenoliths. -
Models for REE abundance trends in peridotite xenoliths. -
Megacrysts, minerals in xenoliths and damong inclusions. -
Megacrysts. -
Minerals in peridotites and pyroxenites. -
Inclusions in diamonds. -
Summary: comparison of peridotites from massifs and xenoliths and implications of REE data for Upper Mantle composition. -
Acknowledgements. -
References. -
Chapter 6. Rare Earth Elements in Metamorphic Rocks / by Richard I. Grauch. -
Introduction. -
REE residence in metamorphic rocks. -
REE mobility during metamorphism. -
REE content of metamorphic rocks. -
Suggestions for future work. -
Acknowledgements. -
References. -
Chapter 7. Rare Earth Elements in Sedimentary Rocks: Influence of Provenance and Sedimentary Processes / by Scott M. McLennan. -
Introduction. -
Rare earth element properties and sedimentary rocks. -
Cosmochemical considerations. -
Geochemical considerations. -
Aqueous geochemistry. -
Normalizing and notation. -
Sedimentary processes. -
Weathering. -
Diagenesis. -
Sedimentary sorting. -
REE and provenance studies. -
Sedimentary rocks and crustal abundances. -
Sedimentation and plate tectonics. -
Archean sedimentary rocks and the Archean crust. -
Archean greenstone belts. -
REE in sedimentary rocks and crustal evolution. -
Acknowledgements. -
References. -
Chapter 8. Aqueous Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements / by Douglas G. Brookins. -
Introduction. -
The trivalent lanthanides (Ln III). -
Types of complexes in solution. -
Hydrolysis products. -
Phosphate complexes. -
Carbonate complexes. -
Halide complexes. -
Complexes with total dissolved sulfur. -
Gadolinium-Terbium fractionation?. -
Scandium and Yttrium. -
Europium (II). -
Cerium (IV). -
Eh-pH diagrams. -
Cerium. -
Europium. -
Other lanthanides. -
Lanthanides in ocean waters. -
Lanthanides and actinides. -
Concluding remarks. -
Acknowledgements. -
References. -
Chapter 9. Rare Earth Elements in Lunar Materials / by Larry A. Haskin. -
Introduction. -
The nature of planet moon. -
The magma ocean hypothesis and its presumed products. -
Lunar REE patterns. -
Highland plutonic rocks. -
Anorthosites. -
Durâtes, troctolites, norites, and gabbros. -
Lunar felsite (granite). -
Highland volcanic rocks: KREEP. -
Mare basalts. -
Mare basalt sources as magma ocean products. -
Assimilation of crusted material during basalt petrogenesis. -
Glassy spherules. -
Soils and breccias. -
Caveat. -
Acknowledgements. -
References. -
Chapter 10. Compositional and Phase Relations among Rare Earth Element Minerals / by Donald M. Burt. -
Introduction. -
Geochemical background. -
Minerals. -
Coupled substitutions. -
Vector treatment. -
Application to selected mineral groups. -
Fluorides. -
Carbonates. -
Fluorocarbonates. -
Monazite, xenotime, zircon, and related phases. -
Apatites. -
Florencite and related phases. -
A-B oxides (niobates, tantalates, titanates, ferrites). -
Fergusonitelbetafergusonite, ABO4. -
Perovskite, ABO3. -
Aeschyniteleuxenite, AB2O6. -
Pyrochlore, A1-2B2O6(O,F,OH). -
Allanite. -
Titanite. -
Garnet. -
Gadolinite. -
Chevkinite/perrierite. -
Element distributions: acid-base relations. -
Summary. -
Acknowledgemen
In:
Reviews in mineralogy
Language:
English
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