Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 240 S , Ill., graph. Darst

Edition: 1. ed.

ISBN: 0805067817 , 0805075127

Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [215]-226) and index

Language: English

Keywords: Astrobiologie

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

URL: Autorenbiografie

URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/samples/hol041/2002029115.html

URL: Verlagsangaben

Author information: Ward, Peter D. 1949-

UID:

Format: xvi, 440 Seiten , Illustrationen , 24 cm

Edition: Revised and updated [edition]

ISBN: 9781471195204 , 1471195201

Note: Auf dem Umschlag: Updated with fresh insights by Sean Covey, New York Times bestselling author , Auf dem Umschlag: Foreword by Jim Colllins, author of Good to great and co-author of Built to last

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Covey, Stephen R., 1932 - 2012 The 7 habits of highly effective people Newburyport : RosettaBooks, 2013 ISBN 9780795336409

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Covey, Stephen R., 1932 - 2012 The 7 habits of highly effective people London : Simon & Schuster, 2020 ISBN 9781471196591

Language: English

Subjects: Psychology

Keywords: Erfolg ; Lebensführung ; Ratgeber ; Ratgeber

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

Author information: Covey, Stephen R. 1932-2012

Author information: Covey, Sean 1964-

Author information: Collins, James C. 1958-

UID:

Format: viii, 299 Seiten , Illustrationen

ISBN: 9780691193083

Content: "From New York Times bestselling author and economics columnist Robert Frank, a revelatory look at the power and potential of social context. As psychologists have long understood, social environments profoundly shape our behavior, sometimes for the better, but often for the worse. Less widely noted is that social influence is a two-way street: Our environments are in large part themselves a product of the choices we make. Society embraces regulations that limit physical harm to others, as when smoking restrictions are defended as protecting bystanders from secondhand smoke. But we have been slower to endorse parallel steps that discourage harmful social environments, as when regulators fail to note that the far greater harm caused when someone becomes a smoker is to make others more likely to smoke. In Under the Influence, Robert Frank attributes this regulatory asymmetry to the laudable belief that individuals should accept responsibility for their own behavior. Yet that belief, he argues, is fully compatible with public policies that encourage supportive social environments. Most parents hope, for example, that their children won't grow up to become smokers, bullies, tax cheats, sexual predators, or problem drinkers. But each of these hopes is less likely to be realized whenever such behaviors become more common. Such injuries are hard to measure, Frank acknowledges, but that's no reason for policymakers to ignore them. The good news is that a variety of simple policy measures could foster more supportive social environments without ushering in the dreaded nanny state or demanding painful sacrifices from anyone."

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780691198828

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Frank, Robert H., 1945 - Under the influence Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2020 ISBN 9780691198828

Language: English

Keywords: Klimaänderung ; Verhaltensökonomie ; Beeinflussung ; Nudge ; Verhaltensökonomie ; Politische Planung ; Beeinflussung ; Anreiz ; Nudge ; Konformitätszwang

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

Author information: Frank, Robert H. 1945-

UID:

Format: X, 566 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.

ISBN: 0632025034

Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 43

Content: This book contains papers presented at a joint meeting of the Metamorphic Studies Group and IGCP Project 235 (Metamorphism and Geodynamics) held at University College Dublin in September 1987. Recent developments in the methods and application of geothermometry and geobarometry, relative thermobarometry and in textural and isotopic dating of metamorphic events are reviewed. New thermal and tectonic models for metamorphism in different tectonic settings are presented. Case studies make up a substantial part of the book, many in the form of short summary papers that describe P-T-t paths for specific field areas from different tectonic settings world-wide. The broad range of topics covered reflects the multidisciplinary character of research on the thermal evolution of metamorphic belts - an area that is opening up an exciting interface between petrology, geochronology and tectonics.

Note: Kopie in 2 Bd. , J.S. Daly, R.A. Cliff, and B.W.D. Yardley: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.01 --- E. J. Essene: The current status of thermobarometry in metamorphic rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:1-44, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.02 --- L. Ya. Aranovich and K. K. Podlesskii: Geothermobarometry of high-grade metapelites: simultaneously operating reactions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:45-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.03 --- Frank S. Spear: Relative thermobarometry and metamorphic P-T, paths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:63-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.04 --- R. H. Vernon: Porphyroblast-matrix microstructural relationships: recent approaches and problems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:83-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.05 --- John Ridley: Vertical movement in orogenic belts and the timing of metamorphism relative to deformation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:103-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.06 --- R. A. Jamieson and C. Beaumont: Deformation and metamorphism in convergent orogens: a model for uplift and exhumation of metamorphic terrains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:117-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.07 --- Peter K. Zeitler: The geochronology of metamorphic processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:131-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.08 --- James J. Irwin, Charles Kirschbaum, Tek. H. Lim, Derek Powell, and William E. Glassley: A laser-microprobe study of argon isotopes in deformed pegmatites from the Northern Highlands of Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:149-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.09 --- A. Reuter and R. D. Dallmeyer: K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of cleavage formed during very low-grade metamorphism: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:161-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.10 --- Hanan J. Kisch: Discordant relationship between degree of very low-grade metamorphism and the development of slaty cleavage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:173-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.11 --- J. J. De Yoreo, D. R. Lux, and C. V. Guidotti: The role of crustal anatexis and magma migration in the thermal evolution of regions of thickened continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:187-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.12 --- C. P. Chamberlain and Douglas Rumble III: The influence of fluids on the thermal history of a metamorphic terrain: New Hampshire, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:203-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.13 --- Howard W. Day and C. Page Chamberlain: Implications of thermal and baric structure for controls on metamorphism: northern New England, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:215-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.14 --- L. Aguirre, B. Levi, and J. O. Nyström: The link between metamorphism, volcanism and geotectonic setting during the evolution of the Andes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:223-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.15 --- T. M. Gordon: Thermal evolution of the Kisseynew sedimentary gneiss belt, Manitoba: metamorphism at an early Proterozoic accretionary margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:233-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.16 --- Peter H. Thompson: An empirical model for metamorphic evolution of the Archaean Slave Province and adjacent Thelon Tectonic Zone, north-western Canadian Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:245-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.17 --- Amalbikash Mukherjee: P-T-time history and thermal modelling of an anorthosite-granulite interface, Eastern Ghats metamorphic belt, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:265-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.18 --- Leonid L. Perchuk: P-T-fluid regimes of metamorphism and related magmatism with specific reference to the granulite-facies Sharyzhalgay complex of Lake Baikal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:275-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.19 --- D. Ackermand, B. F. Windley, and A. Razafiniparany: The Precambrian mobile belt of southern Madagascar / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:293-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.20 --- I. Cartwright and A. C. Barnicoat: Evolution of the Scourian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:297-301, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.21 --- M. A. H. Maboko, I. McDougall, and P. K. Zeitler: Metamorphic P-T path of granulites in the Musgrave Ranges, central Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:303-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.22 --- Eileen McLellan, Daniel Linder, and Jenny Thomas: Multiple granulite-facies events in the southern Appalachians, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:309-314, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.23 --- James M. McLelland: Pre-granulite-facies metamorphism in the Adirondack Mountains, New York / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:315-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.24 --- F. Mengel and T. Rivers: Thermotectonic evolution of proterozoic and reworked Archaean terranes along the Nain-Churchill boundary in the Saglek Area, northern Labrador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:319-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.25 --- Motoyoshi Yoichi, Satoshi Matsubara, and Hiroharu Matsueda: P-T evolution of the granulite-facies rocks of the Lützow-Holm Bay region, East Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:325-329, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.26 --- H. R. Rollinson: Garnet—orthopyroxene thermobarometry of granulites from the north marginal zone of the Limpopo belt, Zimbabwe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:331-335, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.27 --- Volker Schenk: P-T-t path of the lower crust in The Hercynian fold belt of southern Calabria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:337-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.28 --- Daniel Vielzeuf and Christian Pin: Geodynamic implications of granulitic rocks in the Hercynian belt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:343-348, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.29 --- R. G. Warren and B. J. Hensen: The P-T evolution of the Proterozoic Arunta Block, central Australia, and Implications for tectonic evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:349-355, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.30 --- D. J. Waters: Metamorphic evidence for the heating and cooling path of Namaqualand granulites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:357-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.31 --- I. S. Buick and T. J. B. Holland: The P-T-t path associated with crustal extension, Naxos, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:365-369, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.32 --- M. Franceschelli, I. Memmi, F. Pannuti, and C. A. Ricci: Diachronous metamorphic equilibria in the Hercynian basement of northern Sardinia, Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:371-375, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.33 --- P. K. Verma: The Himalayan metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:377-383, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.34 --- A. J. Barker and M. W. Anderson: The Caledonian structural—metamorphic evolution of south Troms, Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:385-390, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.35 --- Kevin W. Burton, Alan P. Boyle, Wendy L. Kirk, and Roger Mason: Pressure, temperature and structural evolution of the Sulitjelma fold-nappe, central Scandinavian Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:391-411, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.36 --- A. H. N. Rice, R.

In: Geological Society special publication

Language: English

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/43/1

UID:

Format: XVII, 282 S. : Ill.

Edition: repr.

ISBN: 9781586486679

Series Statement: New York Times Bestseller

Note: MAB0014.001: PIK D 024-09-0029 , MAB0036: m

UID:

Format: XVIII, 782 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.

ISBN: 978-1-107-01603-3

Content: Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Microphysics of Clouds presents a unified theoretical foundation that provides the basis for incorporating cloud microphysical processes in cloud and climate models. In particular, the book provides: • a theoretical basis for understanding the processes of cloud particle formation, evolution and precipitation, with emphasis on spectral cloud microphysics based on numerical and analytical solutions of the kinetic equations for the drop and crystal size spectra along with the supersaturation equation; • the latest detailed theories and parameterizations of drop and crystal nucleation suitable for cloud and climate models derived from the general principles of thermodynamics and kinetics; • a platform for advanced parameterization of clouds in weather prediction and climate models; • the scientific foundation for weather and climate modification by cloud seeding. This book will be invaluable for researchers and advanced students engaged in cloud and aerosol physics, and air pollution and climate research.

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1. Introduction. - 1.1. Relations among Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Cloud Microphysics. - 1.2. The Correspondence Principle. - 1.3. Structure of the Book. - 2. Clouds and Their Properties. - 2.1. Cloud Classification. - 2.2. Cloud Regimes and Global Cloud Distribution. - 2.2.1. Large-Scale Condensation in Fronts and Cyclones. - 2.2.2. Sc-St Clouds and Types of Cloud-Topped Boundary Layer. - 2.2.3. Convective Cloudiness in the Intertropical Convergence Zone. - 2.2.4. Orographic Cloudiness. - 2.3. Cloud Microphysical Properties. - 2.4. Size Spectra and Moments. - 2.4.1. Inverse Power Laws. - 2.4.2. Lognormal Distributions. - 2.4.3. Algebraic Distributions. - 2.4.4. Gamma Distributions. - 2.5. Cloud Optical Properties. - Appendix A.2. Evaluation of the Integrals with Lognormal Distribution. - 3. Thermodynamic Relations. - 3.1. Thermodynamic Potentials. - 3.2. Statistical Energy Distributions. - 3.2.1. The Gibbs Distribution. - 3.2.2. The Maxwell Distribution. - 3.2.3. The Boltzmann Distribution. - 3.2.4. Bose–Einstein Statistics. - 3.2.5. Fermi–Dirac Statistics. - 3.3. Phase Rules. - 3.3.1. Bulk Phases. - 3.3.2. Systems with Curved Interfaces. - 3.4. Free Energy and Equations of State. - 3.4.1. An Ideal Gas. - 3.4.2. Free Energy and the van der Waals Equation of State for a Non-Ideal Gas. - 3.5. Thermodynamics of Solutions. - 3.6. General Phase Equilibrium Equation for Solutions. - 3.6.1. General Equilibrium Equation. - 3.6.2. The Gibbs–Duhem Relation. - 3.7. The Clausius–Clapeyron Equation. - 3.7.1. Equilibrium between Liquid and Ice Bulk Phases. - 3.7.2. Equilibrium of a Pure Water Drop with Saturated Vapor. - 3.7.3. Equilibrium of an Ice Crystal with Saturated Vapor. - 3.7.4. Humidity Variables. - 3.8. Phase Equilibrium for a Curved Interface - The Kelvin Equation. - 3.9. Solution Effects and the Köhler Equation. - 3.10. Thermodynamic Properties of Gas Mixtures and Solutions. - 3.10.1. Partial Gas Pressures in a Mixture of Gases. - 3.10.2. Equilibrium of Two Bulk Phases around a Phase Transition Point. - 3.10.3. Raoult’s Law for Solutions. - 3.10.4. Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation. - 3.10.5. Relation of Water Activity and Freezing Point Depression. - 3.11. A diabatic Processes. - 3.11.1. Dry Adiabatic Processes. - 3.11.2. Wet Adiabatic Processes. - Appendix A.3. Calculation of Integrals with the Maxwell Distribution. - 4. Properties of Water and Aqueous Solutions. - 4.1. Properties of Water at Low Temperatures and High Pressures. - 4.1.1. Forms of Water at Low Temperatures. - 4.1.2. Forms of Water at High Pressures. - 4.2. Theories of Water. - 4.3. Temperature Ranges in Clouds and Equivalence of Pressure and Solution Effects. - 4.4. Parameterizations of Water and Ice Thermodynamic Properties. - 4.4.1. Saturated Vapor Pressures. - 4.4.2. Heat Capacity of Water and Ice. - 4.4.3. Latent Heats of Phase Transitions. - 4.4.4. Surface Tension between Water and Air or Vapor. - 4.4.5. Surface Tension between Ice and Water or Solutions. - 4.4.6. Surface Tension between Ice and Air or Vapor. - 4.4.7 Density of Water. - 4.4.8. Density of Ice. - 4.5. Heat Capacity and Einstein-Debye Thermodynamic Equations of State for Ice. - 4.6. Equations of State for Ice in Terms of Gibbs Free Energy. - 4.7. Generalized Equations of State for Fluid Water. - 4.7.1. Equations of the van der Waals Type and in Terms of Helmholtz Free Energy. - 4.7.2. Equations of State Based on the Concept of the Second Critical Point. - Appendix A.4. Relations among Various Pressure Units. - 5. Diffusion and Coagulation Growth of Drops and Crystals. - 5.1. Diffusional Growth of Individual Drops. - 5.1.1. Diffusional Growth Regime. - 5.1.2. The Kinetic Regime and Kinetic Corrections to the Growth Rate. - 5.1.3. Psychrometric Correction Due to Latent Heat Release. - 5.1.4. Radius Growth Rate. - 5.1.5. Ventilation Corrections. - 5.2. Diffusional Growth of Crystals. - 5.2.1. Mass Growth Rates. - 5.2.2. Axial Growth Rates. - 5.2.3. Ventilation Corrections. - 5.3. Equations for Water and Ice Supersaturations. - 5.3.1. General Form of Equations for Fractional Water Supersaturation. - 5.3.2. Supersaturation Relaxation Times and Their Limits. - 5.3.3. E quation for Water Supersaturation in Terms of Relaxation Times. - 5.3.4. Equivalence of Various Forms of Supersaturation Equations. - 5.3.5. Equation for Fractional Ice Supersaturation. - 5.3.6. Equilibrium Supersaturations over Water and Ice. - Liquid Clouds. - Ice Clouds. - Mixed Phase Clouds. - 5.3.7. A diabatic Lapse Rates with Non zero Supersaturations. - 5.4. The Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen Process and Cloud Crystallization. - 5.5. Kinetic Equations of Condensation and Deposition in the Adiabatic Process. - 5.5.1. Derivation of the Kinetic Equations. - 5.5.2. Some Properties of Regular Condensation. - 5.5.3. Analytical Solution of the Kinetic Equations of Regular Condensation. - 5.5.4. Equation for the Integral Supersaturation. - 5.6. Kinetic Equations of Coagulation. - 5.6.1. Various Forms of the Coagulation Equation. - 5.6.2. Collection Kernels for Various Coagulation Processes. - Brownian Coagulation. - Gravitational Coagulation. - 5.7. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Equations for Multidimensional Models. - 5.8. Fast Algorithms for Microphysics Modules in Multidimensional Models. - 6. Wet Aerosol Processes. - 6.1. Introduction. - 6.1.1. Empirical Parameterizations of Hygroscopic Growth. - 6.1.2. Empirical Parameterizations of Droplet Activation. - 6.2. Equilibrium Radii. - 6.2.1. Equilibrium Radii at Subsaturation. - 6.2.2. Equilibrium Radii of Interstitial Aerosol in a Cloud. - 6.3. Critical Radius and Supersaturation. - 6.4. Aerosol Size Spectra. - 6.4.1. Lognormal and Inverse Power Law Size Spectra. - 6.4.2. Approximation of the Lognormal Size Spectra by the Inverse Power Law. - 6.4.3. Examples of the Lognormal Size Spectra, Inverse Power Law, and Power Indices. - 6.4.4. Algebraic Approximation of the Lognormal Distribution. - 6.5. Transformation of the Size Spectra of Wet Aerosol at Varying Humidity. - 6.5.1. Arbitrary Initial Spectrum of Dry Aerosol. - 6.5.2. Lognormal Initial Spectrum of Dry Aerosol. - 6.5.3. Inverse Power Law Spectrum. - 6.5.4. Algebraic Size Spectra. - 6.6. CCN Differential Supersaturation Activity Spectrum. - 6.6.1. A rbitrary Dry Aerosol Size Spectrum. - 6.6.2. Lognormal Activity Spectrum. - 6.6.3. Algebraic Activity Spectrum. - 6.7. Droplet Concentration and the Modified Power Law for Drops Activation. - 6.7.1. Lognormal and Algebraic CCN Spectra. - 6.7.2. Modified Power Law for the Drop Concentration. - 6.7.3. Supersaturation Dependence of Power Law Parameters. - Appendix A.6. Solutions of Cubic Equations for Equilibrium and Critical Radii. - 7. Activation of Cloud Condensation Nuclei into Cloud Drops. - 7.1. Introduction. - 7.2. Integral Supersaturation in Liquid Clouds with Drop Activation. - 7.3. Analytical Solutions to the Supersaturation Equation. - 7.4. Analytical Solutions for the Activation Time, Maximum Supersaturation, and Drop Concentration. - 7.5. Calculations of CCN Activation Kinetics. - 7.6. Four Analytical Limits of Solution. - 7.7. Limit #1: Small Vertical Velocity, Diffusional Growth Regime. - 7.7.1. Lower Bound. - 7.7.2. Upper Bound. - 7.7.3. Comparison with Twomey’s Power Law. - 7.8. Limit #2: Small Vertical Velocity, Kinetic Growth Regime. - 7.8.1. Lower Bound. - 7.8.2. Upper Bound. - 7.9. Limit #3: Large Vertical Velocity, Diffusional Growth Regime. - 7.9.1. Lower Bound. - 7.9.2. Upper Bound. - 7.10. Limit #4: Large Vertical Velocity, Kinetic Growth Regime. - 7.10.1. Lower Bound. - 7.10.2. Upper Bound. - 7.11. Interpolation Equations and Comparison with Exact Solutions. - Appendix A.7. Evaluation of the Integrals J2 and J3 for Four Limiting Cases. - 8. Homogeneous Nucleation. - 8.1. Metastable States and Nucleation of a New Phase. - 8.2. Nucleation Rates for Condensation and Deposition. - 8.2.1. Application of Boltzmann Statistics. - 8.2.2. The Fokker–Planck

Language: English

UID:

Format: xx, 510 Seiten , Illustrationen

ISBN: 9781433191350

Content: "This book offers an overarching view of the underlying challenges that the energy transitions pose to interstate energy relations. Geopolitics of energy currently epitomizes one of the principal sources for geopolitical vicissitudes affecting global energy landscapes. The ever-changing global energy architecture, global decarbonization plans and low-carbon technology developments are having deep geopolitical consequences. The extensive and rapid adjustment towards low-carbon energy is unsettling the conventional transnational energy structures, affecting economies and altering energy interstate relations. The geopolitics of the energy transitions is a field in the making, hence the existent academic literature is scarce and limited in scope. Current debates on decarbonization tend to mimic the geopolitics of oil and gas when discussing the stakeholders involved in the energy transitions. Besides, energy transitions tend to be studied at the national level overlooking the interactions at regional and global scales. Most research on the geopolitics of the energy transitions to date has mainly focused on the path to achieve the transitions to low carbon energy systems, and less on the global dynamics and the impacts of those transitions to inter-state relations and energy security. The fundamental question that needs dwelling is: How, and to what extent, will the multiple dimensions of the ongoing energy transitions affect existing fundamental geopolitical issues, and what new dynamics may result from the decarbonization process of the planet? The reasons to organize this publication are many, but among them stand one, which is functioning as the driving force behind this project: to contribute to a broader discussion on the ways in which energy transitions and geopolitics intersect"--

Note: Foreword: Thijs Van de Graaf -- Muse of fire : energy, geopolitics, and decarbonization -- Energy neomercantilism and regenerative alternatives / Majia Nadesan and Jennifer Keahey -- Scientific discourse about energy geopolitics : Changing paradigms or simply adapting to new times? / Cátia Miriam Costa and Ana Teresa Santos -- China's energy geopolitics and the Belt and Road Initiative : The green energy cooperation / Rui Pereira and Carla Fernandes -- The energopower and biopower relations in Russia, China and the EU and their impacts on Russia-China and Russia-EU energy trade before and after the war in Ukraine / Evgeniia (Jen) Sidorova -- The energy transition geopolitical outlook for the European Union : will Russian gas decline? / Javad Keypour -- Governing the energy union : the quest for a secure, low-carbon future for the EU / Susann Handke -- Nord Stream 2 and energy security in Europe : the impact of economic sanctions / Alexandros-Cătălin Bakos -- The COVID-19 pandemic and the energy transition : the geopolitics of energy envisaged by American politics / Fernanda Delgado, João Marques Cardoso, and Victor Gaspar Filho -- Geopolitical implications of the European Union's carbon border adjustment mechanism / Alaz Munzur, Katharina Koch, and Jennifer Winter -- The European Union as a military green player : sustainability and resilience in security and defense actorness / Ana Isabel Xavier -- The energy geopolitics of the European Green Deal : two case studies of international strategic techno-industrial cooperation / Roberto Álvaro-Hermana, Jorge Fernández-Gómez, Macarena Larrea-Basterra, and Jaime Menéndez-Sánchez -- The Chinese energy rush in Pakistan as a regional geopolitical game-changer / Jorge Tavares da Silva -- Transition to low-carbon energy resources in India : issues and challenges / Venkatesh Dutta and Roopinder Oberoi -- The role of Angola and Mozambique in the new global energy trend / Paulo Zagalo -- The implications of energy transitions in Argentina / Gerardo Rabinovich -- Energy issues in EU agreements, between supply security, solidarity, and sustainability, before and after the Russian-Ukrainian conflict : can the EU become a leader in global energy relationships? / Sara Pugliese -- Critical legal insight into the EU's hydrogen strategy / Javad Keypour, Tanel Kerikmäe, and Archil Chochia -- New patterns of resource management for the circular economy : a Chinese-European comparative outlook on the evolution of circular economy law / Gianmatteo Sabatino -- The politics of biodiesel and the structuring of a new market for Brazilian agribusiness / Gabriela Benatti, Antônio Buainain, Marcelo Pereira da Cunha, and Pedro Cavalcante Filho -- Scaling up renewable energy technologies in Bangladesh : prospects and challenges / Dipta Majumder and Ferdous Rahman -- At the forefront of change : the environment and social innovations by Generation Z in Russia / Lisha Fu, Chong Min Fui Nicole, and Fu Faustina Yip -- Conclusion : energy geopolitics : a changing paradigm.

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781433191367

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781433191374

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781433191381

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Changing the paradigm of energy geopolitics New York : Peter Lang, [2023] ISBN 9781433191367

Language: English

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

UID:

Format: Getr. Zählung. : Ill., zahlr. graph. Darst. , [887 pages]

Edition: 2. ed.

Note: Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1. Location of Objects 2. Radio Means of Locating Objects 3. Definition of Radar A. DETECTION BY RADIO ECHOES 4. Frequency-Modulation Systems 5. Frequency-Shift Systems 6. Pulse Systems 7. Types of Data Presentation 8. Pulse Shape, Duration, and Repetition Frequency; Peak and Average Power B. OBJECTS 9. Aircraft as Objects 10. Ships as Objects 11. Land and Coastal Objects 12. Projectiles as Objects C. DETERMINATION OF DIRECTION AND RANGE 13. Determination of Range 14. Determination of Direction D. RECOGNIZING THE CHARACTERS OF OBJECTS E. EMPLOYING THE DATA Chapter II TIMING CIRCUITS A. CLIPPING CIRCUITS 1. Clipping wlth Diodes 2. Clipping with Amplifiers 3. Clipping with Cathode Followers B. R-C CIRCUITS 4. Transients in R-C Circuits 5. Saw-Tooth Generator 6. Decoupling Filters and Bias Circuits 7. R-C Peaker 8. Sloping Wavefront Applied to Peaker 9. R-C Coupling Circuits 10. Signal Bias and Clampers 11. Effect of Grid Return 12. Tube and Wiring Capacitances 13. Free-Running Plate-Coupled Multivibrator 14. Driven Plate-Coupled Multivibrator 15. Cathode-Coupled Multivibrator 16. Phantastron Delay Circuit C. R-L-C CIRCUITS 17. Transients in Parallel R-L-C Circuits 18. Ringing Circuit 19. Pulse Transformer 20. Blocking Oscillator 21. Traveling Waves on Artificial Transmission Lines 22. Reflections at Line Terminals 23. Applications of Artificial Transmission Lines Chapter III INDICATORS A. CATHODE-RAY TUBES 1. Electrostatic Cathode-Ray Tubes 2. Magnetic Cathode-Ray Tubes 3. Designations and Ratings of Cathode-Ray Tubes B. SWEEP-VOLTAGE CIRCUITS 4. Basic Type A Indicator Circuit 5. Methods of Improving the Linearity of Sweep Voltages 6. Phase-Inverter Circuits 7 Delayed Sweeps and Expanded Sweeps 8. Indicators Used with Lobe Switching 9. Type J Presentation C. SWEEP-CURRENT CIRCUITS 10. Range-Sweep Current from Initial Part of Exponential Rise 11. Range-Sweep Current from a Trapezoidal Voltage 12. R-C Trapezoidal-Voltage Generator 13. Feedback-Amplifier Sweep Circuit 14. Effect of Distributed Capacitance 15. Azimuth-Sweep Circuit for Type B Presentation 16. Requirements for Plan Position Indication 17. Rotating-Coil PPI 18. Electrical Azimuth Sweep for PPI Chapter IV RECEIVERS A. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RADAR RECEIVERS 1. Over-all Requirements and Limitations 2. Block Diagram B. RECEIVER NOISE 3. Nature of Noise 4. Sources of Noise 5. Receiver Input Stages 6. Receiver Noise Figure C. BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS 7 The Problem of Pulse Amplification 8 Analysis of Rectangular Pulses 9 Signal Frequencies in the Receiver 10 Bandwidth in Search-Type Systems 11 Bandwidth in FIre-Control Systems D. AMPLIFIERS 12. Equivalent Circuits 13. Symbols 14. Video Amplifiers 15. I-F Amplifiers 16. R-P Amplifiers E. MIXERS 17. Single-Input Mixers 18. Mixer Circuits 19. Crystal Mixers 20. Noise and Gain of Input Stages P. DETECTORS 21. Diode Detectors 22. Plate-Circuit Detectors G. LOCAL OSCILLATORS 23. Requirements 24. Triodes 25. Reflex Velocity-Modulated Tubes H. AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY CONTROL 26. The Discriminator 27. Utilization of Discriminator Output for Frequency Control J. OPERATION AND TESTING 28. Alignment 29. R-F Tuning Adjustments 30. Testing Chapter V MAGNETRONS 1. Motion of an Electron in an Electric Field Alone 2. Motion of an Electron in a Magnetic Field Alone 3. Motion of Electrons In Uniform, Mutually Perpendicular Electric and Magnetic Fields 4. Introduction to Magnetron Oscillators 5. Split-Anode Electron-Resonance Magnetron Oscillator, Plane Form 6. Multi-Anode Electron-Resonance Magnetron Oscillator, Cylindrical Form 7. Lumped-Constant Equivalent Circuit of Magnetron Tank Circuit 8. Characteristics of Magnetrons 9. Care of the Magnetron and Magnets 10. Checking the Proper Operation of the Magnetron Chapter VI MODULATORS A. PULSE FORMATION BY NETWORKS AND SWITCHES 1. Charging an Open-End Line 2. Pulse Formation by Discharge of an Open-End Line 3. Pulse Formation by a Shorted-End Line 4. Pulse-Forming Networks 5. Switching Devices for Discharging Pulse-Forming Networks B. LINE-PULSING MODULATORS 6. Charging Methods 7. Rotary-Spark-Gap Modulator 8. Modulator with Saturable-Core Reactor and Inductive-Impulse Charging C. DRIVER-POWER-AMPLIFIER MODULATORS 9. R-C-Coupled Power Amplifier 10. Transformer-Coupled Power Amplifier 11. Bootstrap Driver 12. Line-Controlled Blocking-Oscillator Driver 13. Delay-Line Controlled Driver 14. Driver Using Shorted-End Line 15. Saturable-Core-Reactor Driver 16. Blocking-Oscillator Modulator Chapter VII TRIODE TRANSMITTERS A. TRANSMITTER COMPONENTS 1. Tubes 2. Tuning Elements 3. Parasitic Suppressors 4. Power Supplies B. SINGLE-TUBE OSCILLATORS 5. Ultra-Audion Oscillator 6. Lighthouse-Tube Oscillator C. PUSH-PULL OSCILLATORS 7. Tuned-Plate Tuned-Grid Oscillator 8. Timed-Grid Tuned-Cathode Oscillator 9. Tuned-Plate Tuned-Grid Tuned-Cathode Oscillator D. RING OSCILLATORS 10. Tuned-Grid Tuned-Cathode Oscillator 11. Tuned-Plate Tuned-Cathode Oscillator 12. Tuned-Plate Tuned-Grid Tuned-Cathode Oscillator E. OUTPUT COUPLING 13. Direct Coupling 14. Balanced-to-Unbalanced Transformers 15. Coupling Loop as Resonant Transformer 16. Coupling Loop with Series Tuning 17. Coupling Loop with Parallel Tuning l6. Capacitive Coupling F. PULSING OF TRIODE OSCILLATORS 19 Grid-Leak Bias in Oscillators 20 Modulators for Triode Oscillators 21 Self-Pulsed Oscillators 22 Synchronization of Self-Pulsed Oscillators 23 Line-Controlled Self-Pulsed Oscillators 24 Tuning and Adjusting of Oscillators Chapter VIII RADIO-FREQUENCY LINES A. INTRODUCTION 1. Functions of Radio-Frequency Lines in Radar 2. Types of Radio-Frequency Lines 3. Losses 4. Open-Wire Lines 5. Coaxial Lines 6. Two-Conductor Shielded Cable 7. Hollow Wave Guides 8. Radio-Frequency Components B. THE LONG-LINE EQUATIONS 9. Distributed Constants 10. Representation of Steady-State Alternating Quantities by Complex Numbers 11. Notation 12. The Differential Equations and Their Solution 13. Interpretation of the Equations as Traveling Waves 14. Attenuation 15. Line with Negligible Losses 16. Characteristic Impedance 17. Reflection Coefficient 18. Vector Diagrams of Terminal Voltages fluid Currents 19. Standing Waves—Complete Reflection 20. Standing Waves--Partial Reflection 21. Standing-Wave Ratio 22. Practical Importance of Low Standing-Wave Ratio 23. Power 24. Efficiency 25. Impedance and Admittance 26. Impedance Circle Diagram 27. Examples of the Use of the Circle Diagram 28. Proof of the Circle Diagram 29. The Smith Chart C. IMPEDANCE MATCHING 30. Matching Requirements During Transmission 31. Types of Matching Devices 32. Methods of Matching an Antenna to the Characteristic Resistance of a Transmission Line 33. Methods of Matching a Transmission Line to a Transmitter 34. Matching Requirements During Reception 35. Prevention of Absorption of Received Power by Transmitter 36. Methods of Matching Receiver to Transmission Line 37. Effect of R-P Loading on Magnetrons 38. Practical Tuning Procedure 39. Fixed Versus Adjustable Matching D. R-F COMPONENTS OF TYPICAL RADAR SETS 40 Typical 100-Mcps Ground Set 41 Typical 500-Mcps Air-Borne Set 42 Typical 5000-Mcps Air-Borne Set 43 Constants of Coaxial and Open-Wire Lines 44 Some Coaxial-Line Accessories Chapter IX RADAR ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION RADAR ANTENNAS 1. Reciprocity 2. Terms 3. The Half-Wave Antenna 4. Means of Exciting Half-Wave Antennas 5. Input Impedances of Center-Fed Antennas of Arbitrary Length 6. Adjustment of Antenna Impedance 7. Means of Supporting Half-Wave Antennas 8. The Quarter-Wave Antenna 9. Mechanism of Radiation from a Half-Wave Antenna 10. Fields Around a Half-Wave Antenna When the Radial Distance is Large 11. Polarization 12. Patterns of a Half-Wave Antenna; Pattern Interpretation 13. Vector Diagram for a Half-Wave Antenna 14. A Justifiable Approximation in Computing r 15. Sample Calculation Using Vector Diagram 16. A Principle of Vector Addition 17. Resultant Field of a Simple Array of Half-Wave Anten

UID:

Format: Getrennte Zählungen , Illustrationen, Karten

Edition: Eighth edition

ISBN: 9781319055325 , 9781319325398 , 1319325394

Note: Contents About the Authors Preface Chapter 1 The Earth System The Scientific Method Hypothesis and Theory Scientific Models Importance of Scientific Collaboration Geology as a Science Earth's Shape and Surface Peeling the Onion: Discovery of a Layered Earth Earth's Density The Mantle and Core The Crust The Inner Core Chemical Composition of Earth's Major Layers Earth as a System of Interacting Components The Climate System The Plate Tectonic System The Geodynamo Interactions Among Geosystems Support Life An Overview of Geologic Time The Origin of Earth and Its Global Geosystems The Evolution of Life Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics: The Unifying Theory The Discovery of Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Seafloor Spreading The Great Synthesis: 1963-1968 The Plates and Their Boundaries Divergent Boundaries Convergent Boundaries Transform Faults Combinations of Plate Boundaries Rates and History of Plate Movements The Seafloor as a Magnetic Tape Recorder Deep-Sea Drilling Measurements of Plate Movements by Geodesy The Grand Reconstruction Seafloor isochrons Reconstructing the History of Plate Movements The Breakup of Pangaea The Assembly of Pangaea by Continental Drift Implications of the Grand Reconstruction Mantle Convection:The Engine of Plate Tectonics Where Do the Plate-Driving Forces Originate? How Deep Does Plate Recycling Occur? What Is the Nature of Rising Convection Currents? Chapter 3 Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks What Are Minerals? The Structure of Matter The Structure of Atoms Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Chemical Reactions Chemical Bonds The Formation of Minerals The Atomic Structure of Minerals The Crystallization of Minerals How Do Minerals Form? Classes of Rock-Forming Minerals Silicates Carbonates Oxides Sulfides Sulfates Physical Properties of Minerals Hardness Cleavage Fracture Luster Color Density Crystal Habit What Are Rocks? Properties of Rocks Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks The Rock Cycle: Interactions Between the Plate Tectonic and Climate Systems Concentrations of Valuable Mineral Resources Hydrothermal Deposits Igneous Deposits Sedimentary Deposits Mineral Evolution Chapter 4 Igneous Rocks: Solids from Melts How Do Igneous Rocks Differ from One Another? Texture Chemical and Mineral Composition How Do Magmas Form? How Do Rocks Melt? The Formation of Magma Chambers Where Do Magmas Form? Magmatic Differentiation Fractional Crystallization: Laboratory and Field Observations Granite from Basalt: Complexities of Magmatic Differentiation Forms of Igneous Intrusions Plutons Sills and Dikes Veins Igneous Processes and Plate Tectonics Spreading Centers as Magma Factories Subduction Zones as Magma Factories Mantle Plumes as Magma Factories Chapter 5 Volcanoes Volcanoes as Geosystems Lavas and Other Volcanic Deposits Types of Lava Textures of Volcanic Rocks Pyroclastic Deposits Eruptive Styles and Landforms Central Eruptions Fissure Eruptions Interactions of Volcanoes with Other Geosystems Volcanism and the Hydrosphere Volcanism and the Atmosphere The Global Pattern of Volcanism Volcanism at Spreading Centers Volcanism in Subduction Zones Intraplate Volcanism: The Mantle Plume Hypothesis 2018 Eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Volcanism and Human Affairs Volcanic Hazards Reducing the Risks of Volcanic Hazards Natural Resources from Volcanoes Chapter 6 Sedimentation: Rocks Formed by Surface Processes Surface Processes of the Rock Cycle Weathering and Erosion: The Source of Sediments Transportation and Deposition: The Downhill Journey to Sedimentary Basins Oceans as Chemical Mixing Vats Sedimentary Basins:The Sinks for Sediments Rift Basins and Thermal Subsidence Basins Flexural Basins Sedimentary Environments Continental Sedimentary Environments Shoreline Sedimentary Environments Marine Sedimentary Environments Siliciclastic versus Chemical and Biological Sedimentary Environments Sedimentary Structures Cross-Bedding Graded Bedding Ripples Bioturbation Structures Bedding Sequences Burial and Diagenesis: From Sediment to Rock Burial Diagenesis Classification of SiliciclasticSediments and Sedimentary Rocks Coarse-Grained Siliciclastics: Gravel and Conglomerate Medium-Grained Siliciclastics: Sand and Sandstone Fine-Grained Siliciclastics Classification of Chemical and Biological Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Carbonate Sediments and Rocks Evaporite Sediments and Rocks: Products of Evaporation Other Biological and Chemical Sediments Chapter 7 Metamorphism: Alteration of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure Causes of Metamorphism The Role of Temperature The Role of Pressure The Role of Fluids Types of Metamorphism Regional Metamorphism Contact Metamorphism Seafloor Metamorphism Other Types of Metamorphism MetamorphicTextures Foliation and Cleavage Foliated Rocks Granoblastic Rocks Porphyroblasts Regional Metamorphism and Metamorphic Grade Mineral Isograds: Mapping Zones of Change Metamorphic Grade and Parent Rock Composition Metamorphic Fades PlateTectonics and Metamorphism Metamorphic Pressure-Temperature Paths Ocean-Continent Convergence Continent-Continent Collision Exhumation: A Link Between the Plate Tectonic and Climate Systems Chapter 8 Deformation: Modification of Rocks by Folding and Fracturing PlateTectonic Forces Mapping Geologic Structure Measuring Strike and Dip Geologic Maps Geologic Cross Sections How Rocks Deform Brittle and Ductile Behavior of Rocks in the Laboratory Brittle and Ductile Behavior of Rocks in Earth's Crust Basic Deformation Structures Faults Folds Circular Structures Joints Deformation Textures Styles of Continental Deformation Tensional Tectonics Compressive Tectonics Shearing Tectonics Unraveling Geologic History Chapter 9 Clocks in Rocks: liming the Geologic Record Reconstructing Geologic History From the Stratigraphic Record Principles of Stratigraphy Fossils as Recorders of Geologic Time Unconformities: Gaps in the Geologic Record Cross-Cutting Relationships The Geologic Time Scale: Relative Ages Intervals of Geologic Time Interval Boundaries Mark Mass Extinctions Ages of Petroleum Source Rocks Measuring Absolute Time with Isotopic Clocks Discovery of Radioactivity Radioactive Isotopes: The Clocks in Rocks Isotopic Dating Methods The Geologic Time Scale: Absolute Ages Eons: The Longest Intervals of Geologic Time Perspectives on Geologic Time Recent Advances in Timing the Earth System Sequence Stratigraphy ,Chemical Stratigraphy Paleomagnetic Stratigraphy Clocking the Climate System Chapter 10 Earthquakes What Is an Earthquake? The Elastic Rebound Theory Fault Rupture During Earthquakes Foreshocks and Aftershocks How Do We Study Earthquakes? Seismographs Seismic Waves Locating the Focus Measuring the Size of an Earthquake Determining Fault Mechanisms GPS Measurements and "Silent" Earthquakes Earthquakes and Patterns of Faulting The Big Picture: Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Regional Fault Systems Earthquake Hazards and Risks How Earthquakes Cause Damage Reducing Earthquake Risk Can Earthquakes Be Predicted? Long-Term Forecasting Short-Term Prediction Medium-Term Forecasting Chapter 11 Exploring Earth's Interior Exploring Earth's Interior with Seismic Waves Basic Types of Waves Paths of Seismic Waves Through Earth Seismic Exploration of Near-Surface Layering Layering and Composition of Earth's Interior The Crust The Mantle The Core-Mantle Boundary The Core Earth's Internal Temperature Heat Flow Through Earth's Interior Temperatures Inside Earth Visualizing Earth'sThree-Dimensional Structure Seismic Tomography Earth's Gravitational Field Earth's Magnetic Field and the Geodynamo The Dipole Field Complexity of the Magnetic Field Paleomagnetism The Magnetic Field and the Biosphere Chapter 12 The Climate System What Is Climate? Components of the Climate

Former: Understanding earth [5th edition]

Language: English

Subjects: Geography

Keywords: Lehrbuch

Author information: Jordan, Thomas H. 1948-

Author information: Grotzinger, John 1957-

UID:

Format: xxi, 465 S. , zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. , 28 cm

ISBN: 0716737418

Note: MAB0014.001: M 02.0062 , MAB0014.002: AWI A3-02-0023 , MAB0014.003: PIK N 456-02-0005 , Contents: Preface. - PART 1 FRAMEWORK OF CLIMATE SCIENCE. - 1 Overview of Climate Science. - Climate and Climate Change. - 1-1 Geologic Time. - 1-2 How This Book Is Organized. - Development of Climate Science. - 1-3 How Scientists Study Climate Change. - Overview of the Climate System. - 1-4 Components of the Climate System. - 1-5 Climate Forcing. - 1-6 Climate System Responses. - 1-7 Time Scales of Forcing versus Response. - 1-8 Response Rates and Interactions Within the Climate System. - 1-9 Feedbacks in the Climate System. - Tools Of Climate Science: Temperature Scales. - 2 Earth's Climate System Today. - Heating Earth. - 2-1 Incoming Solar Radiation. - 2-2 Receipt and Storage of Solar Heat. - 2-3 Heat Transformation. - Heat Transfer in Earth's Atmosphere. - 2-4 Overcoming Stable Layering in the Atmosphere. - 2-5 Tropical-Subtropical Atmospheric Circulation. - 2-6 Atmospheric Circulation at Middle and High Latitudes. - Heat Transfer in Earth's Oceans. - 2-7 The Surface Ocean. - 2-8 Deep-Ocean Circulation. - Ice on Earth. - 2-9 Sea Ice. - 2-10 Glacial Ice. - Earth's Biosphere. - 2-11 Response of the Biosphere to the Physical Climate System. - 2-12 Effects of the Biosphere on the Climate System. - Looking Deeper into Climate Science: The Structure of Earth's Atmosphere. - Climate Interactions and Feedbacks: Albedo/Temperature. - Climate Interactions and Feedbacks: Water in the Climate System. - Climate Interactions and Feedbacks: Water Vapor. - Looking Deeper into Climate Science: The Conolis Effect. - Climate Interactions and Feedbacks: Vegetation-Climate Feedbacks. - 3 Climate Archives, Oata, and Models. - Climate Archives. - 3-1 Types of Archives. - 3-2 Dating Climate Records. - 3-3 Climate Resolution. - Climate Data. - 3-4 Biotic Data. - 3-5 Geological and Geochemical Data. - Climate Models. - 3-6 Physical Climate Models. - 3-7 Geochemical (Mass Balance) Models. - PART II TECTONIC-SCALE CLIMATE CHANGE. - 4 CO2 and Long-term Climate. - Greenhouse Worlds. - The Faint Young Sun Paradox. - Carbon Exchanges between Rocks and the Atmosphere. - 4-1 Volcanic Input of Carbon from Rocks to the Atmosphere. - 4-2 Chemical Weathering Removal of CO2 from the Atmosphere. - Climate Factors That Control Chemical Weathering. - Chemical Weathering: Earth's Thermostat?. - Is Life the Ultimate Control on Earth's Thermostat?. - 4-3 The Gaia Hypothesis. - Climate Debate: A Snowball Earth?. - Looking Deeper into Climate Science: The Organic Carbon Subcycle. - 5 Plate Tectonics and Climate. - Plate Tectonics. - 5-1 Structure and Composition of Tectonic Plates. - 5-2 Evidence of Past Plate Motions. - The Polar Position Hypothesis. - 5-3 Glaciations and Continental Positions since 500 Myr Ago. - Modeling Climate on the Supercontinent Pangaea. - 5-4 Input to the Model Simulation of Pangaean Climate. - 5-5 Output from the Model Simulation of Pangaean Climate. - Tectonic Control of CO2 Input: The BLAG Spreading Rate Hypothesis. - 5-6 Control of CO2 Input by Seafloor Spreading. - 5-7 Initial Evaluation of the BLAG Spreading Rate Hypothesis. - Tectonic Control of CO2 Removal: The Uplift Weathering Hypothesis. - 5-8 Rock Exposure and Chemical Weathering. - 5-3 Uplift and Chemical Weathering. - What Controls Chemical Weathering?. - 5-10 Weathering: Climate Forcing and Feedback. - Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Brief Glatiation 430 Myr Ago. - 6 Greenhouse Earth. - What Explains Greenhouse Warmth 100 Myr Ago?. - 6-1 Model Simulations of a Greenhouse World. - 6-2 What Explains the Data-Model Mismatch?. - Sea Level Changes and Climate. - 6-3 Causes of Tectonic-Scale Changes in Sea Level. - 6-4 Effect of Sea Level Changes on Climate. - Asteroid Impacts. - Climate Interactions and Feedbacks: The Effect of CO2 on Climate. - Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Calculating Changes in Sea Level. - 7 Back into the Icehouse: The Last 55 Million years. - Global Climate Change Since 55 Myr Ago. - 7-1 Evidence from Ice and Vegetation. - 7-2 Oxygen Isotope Data. - Why Did Global Climate Cool over the Last 55 Myr?. - 7-3 Evaluating the BLAG Spreading Rate Hypothesis. - 7-4 Evaluating the Uplift Weathering Hypothesis. - 7-5 Evaluating the Ocean Heat Transport Hypothesis. - 7-6 Causes of Brief Tectonic-Scale Climate Change. - Understanding and Predicting Tectonic Climate Change. - Tools Of Climate Science: Oxtygen Isotope Ratios (δ18O). - Climate Debate: The Timing of Uplift in Western North America. - Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Is 87Sr/86Sr an Index of Chemical Weathering?. - PART III ORBITAL-SCALE CLIMATE CHANGE. - 8 Astronomical Control of Solar Radiation. - Earth's Orbit Today. - 8-1 Earth's Tilted Axis of Rotation and the Seasons. - 8-2 Earth's Eccentric Orbit: Changes in the Distance Between Earth and Sun. - Long-Term Changes in Earth's Orbit. - 8-3 Changes in Earth's Axial Tilt Through Time. - 8-4 Changes in Earth's Eccentric Orbit Through Time. - 8-5 Precession of Solstices and Equinoxes around Earth's Orbit. - Changes in Insolation Received on Earth. - 8-6 Insolation Changes by Month and Season. - 8-7 Insolation Changes According to Caloric Season. - Looking for Orbital-Scale Changes in Climate Records. - 8-8 Time Series Analysis. - 8-9 Aliasing of Climate Records. - 8-10 Tectonic-Scale Changes in Earth's Orbit. - Tools Of Climate Science: Cycles and Modulation. - Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Earth's Precession as a Sine Wave. - 9 Insolation Control of Monsoons. - Monsoon Circulations. - 9-1 Orbital-Scale Control of Summer Monsoons. - Evidence of Orbital-Scale Changes in Summer Monsoons. - 3-2 "Stinky Muds" in the Mediterranean. - 9-3 Freshwater Diatoms in the Tropical Atlantic. - 9-4 Upwelling in the Equatorial Atlantic. - Refinements of the Orbital Monsoon Hypothesis. - 9-5 Lag of Monsoons Behind Summer Insolation. - 9-6 Clipped Monsoon Responses and Monsoon Harmonics. - Monsoon Forcing Earlier in Earth's History. - 8-7 Monsoons on Pangaea 200 Myr Ago. - 9-8 Joint Tectonic and Orbital Control of Monsoons. - 10 Insolation Control of Ice Sheets. - What Controls the Size of Ice Sheets?. - 10-1 Orbital-Scale Control of Ice Sheets. - The Milankovitch Theory. - Modeling the Behavior of Ice Sheets. - 10-2 Insolation Control of Ice Sheet Size. - 10-3 Ice Sheet Lags behind Summer Insolation Forcing. - 10-4 Delayed Bedrock Response Beneath Ice Sheets. - 10-5 Full Cycle of Ice Growth and Decay. - 10-6 Ice Slipping and Calving. - Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheet History. - 10-7 Conceptual Model: Evolution of Ice Sheet Cycles. - 10-8 Evidence from δ18O: How Ice Sheets Actually Evolved. - 10-9 Confirming Ice Volume Changes: Coral Reefs and Sea Level. - 10-10 Using Astronomical and δ18O Signals as a Chronometer. - Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Ice Volume Response to Insolation. - Climate Debate: Antarctic Deglaciation 3 Myr Ago?. - Looking Deeper into Climate Science: Sea Level on Uplifting Islands. - 11 Orbital-Scale Changes in Carbon Dioxide and Methane. - Ice Cores. - 11-1 Drilling and Dating Ice Cores. - 11-2 Trapping Gases in the Ice. - Orbital-Scale Changes in Methane. - Orbital-Scale Changes in CO2. - 11-3 Physical Oceanographic Explanations of CO2 Changes. - 11-4 Orbital-Scale Carbon Reservoirs. - 11-5 Tracking Carbon through the Climate System. - 11-6 Can δ13C Evidence Detect Glacial Changes in Carbon Reservoirs?. - 11-7 Pumping of Carbon into the Deep Ocean during Glaciations. - 11-8 Changes in the Circulation of Deep Water during Glaciations. - Tools Of Climate Science: Carbon Isotope Ratios (δ13C). - Climate Debate: Do Winds Fertilize the Glacial Ocean?. - 12 Orbital-Scale Interactions in the Climate System. - Orbital-Scale Forcing and Response Revisited. - Ice-Driven Climate Responses. - 12-1 Ice-Driven Responses in High Northern Latitudes. - 12-2 Orbital Cycles in Regions Remote fro

Language: English