Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: vi, 126 Seiten , Illustrationen

Content: Arctic tundra ecosystems are experiencing warming twice the global average and Arctic vegetation is responding in complex and heterogeneous ways. Shifting productivity, growth, species composition, and phenology at local and regional scales have implications for ecosystem functioning as well as the global carbon and energy balance. Optical remote sensing is an effective tool for monitoring ecosystem functioning in this remote biome. However, limited field-based spectral characterization of the spatial and temporal heterogeneity limits the accuracy of quantitative optical remote sensing at landscape scales. To address this research gap and support current and future satellite missions, three central research questions were posed: • Does canopy-level spectral variability differ between dominant low Arctic vegetation communities and does this variability change between major phenological phases? • How does canopy-level vegetation colour images recorded with high and low spectral resolution devices relate to phenological changes in leaf-level photosynthetic pigment concentrations? • How does spatial aggregation of high spectral resolution data from the ground to satellite scale influence low Arctic tundra vegetation signatures and thereby what is the potential of upcoming hyperspectral spaceborne systems for low Arctic vegetation characterization? To answer these questions a unique and detailed database was assembled. Field-based canopy-level spectral reflectance measurements, nadir digital photographs, and photosynthetic pigment concentrations of dominant low Arctic vegetation communities were acquired at three major phenological phases representing early, peak and late season. Data were collected in 2015 and 2016 in the Toolik Lake Research Natural Area located in north central Alaska on the North Slope of the Brooks Range. In addition to field data an aerial AISA hyperspectral image was acquired in the late season of 2016. Simulations of broadband Sentinel-2 and hyperspectral Environmental and Mapping Analysis Program (EnMAP) satellite reflectance spectra from ground-based reflectance spectra as well as simulations of EnMAP imagery from aerial hyperspectral imagery were also obtained. Results showed that canopy-level spectral variability within and between vegetation communities differed by phenological phase. The late season was identified as the most discriminative for identifying many dominant vegetation communities using both ground-based and simulated hyperspectral reflectance spectra. This was due to an overall reduction in spectral variability and comparable or greater differences in spectral reflectance between vegetation communities in the visible near infrared spectrum. Red, green, and blue (RGB) indices extracted from nadir digital photographs and pigment-driven vegetation indices extracted from ground-based spectral measurements showed strong significant relationships. RGB indices also showed moderate relationships with chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment concentrations. The observed relationships with the broadband RGB channels of the digital camera indicate that vegetation colour strongly influences the response of pigment-driven spectral indices and digital cameras can track the seasonal development and degradation of photosynthetic pigments. Spatial aggregation of hyperspectral data from the ground to airborne, to simulated satel-lite scale was influenced by non-photosynthetic components as demonstrated by the distinct shift of the red edge to shorter wavelengths. Correspondence between spectral reflectance at the three scales was highest in the red spectrum and lowest in the near infra-red. By artificially mixing litter spectra at different proportions to ground-based spectra, correspondence with aerial and satellite spectra increased. Greater proportions of litter were required to achieve correspondence at the satellite scale. Overall this thesis found that integrating multiple temporal, spectral, and spatial data is necessary to monitor the complexity and heterogeneity of Arctic tundra ecosystems. The identification of spectrally similar vegetation communities can be optimized using non-peak season hyperspectral data leading to more detailed identification of vegetation communities. The results also highlight the power of vegetation colour to link ground-based and satellite data. Finally, a detailed characterization non-photosynthetic ecosystem components is crucial for accurate interpretation of vegetation signals at landscape scales.

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2019 , Table of Contents Abstract Zusammenfassung Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Scientific Background and Motivation 1.1.1 Arctic Tundra Vegetation 1.1.2 Remote Sensing of Arctic Tundra Vegetation 1.1.3 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Arctic Vegetation 1.2 Aims and Objectives 1.3 Study Area and Data 1.3.1 Toolik Lake Research Natural Area 1.3.2 In-situ Canopy-level Spectral Data 1.3.3 True-colour Digital Photographs 1.3.4 Leaf-level Photosynthetic Pigment Data 1.3.5 Airborne AISA Imagery 1.3.6 Simulated EnMAP and Sentinel-2 Reflectance Spectra 1.3.7 Simulated EnMAP Imagery 1.4 Thesis Structure and Author Contributions 1.4.1 Chapter 2 -A Phenological Approach to Spectral Differentiation of Low-Arctic Tundra Vegetation Communities, North Slope Alaska 1.4.2 Chapter 3 -Monitoring Pigment-driven Vegetation Changes in a Low Arctic Tundra Ecosystem Using Digital Cameras 1.4.3 Implications of Litter and Non-vascular Components on Multiscale Hyperspectral Data in a low-Arctic Ecosystem 2 A Phenological Approach to Spectral Differentiation of Low Arctic Tundra Vegetation Communities, North Slope Alaska 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Materials and Methods 2.3.1 Study Site and Low Arctic Vegetation Types 2.3.2 Ground-Based Data and Sampling Protocol 2.3.3 EnMAP and Sentinel-2 Surface Reflectance Simulation 2.3.4 Stable Wavelength Identification Using the InStability Index 2.4 Results 2.4.1 Spectral Characteristics by Phenological Phase 2.4.2 InStability Index and Wavelength Selection of Ground-based Spectra 2.4.3 InStability Index and Wavelength Selection of Simulated Satellite Reflectance Spectra 2.5 Discussion 2.5.1 Phenological Phase and Wavelength Stability of Ground-based Spectra 2.5.2 Phenological Phase and Wavelength Stability of Satellite Resampled Spectra 2.5.3 Influence of Spatial Scale 2.6 Conclusions 2.7 Acknowledgements 2.8 Supplementary Material 2.8.1 Data Publication 3 Monitoring Pigment-driven Vegetation Changes in a Low Arctic Tundra Ecosystem Using Digital Cameras 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Methods 3.3.1 Study Site 3.3.2 Digital Photographs 3.3.3 Field-based Spectral Data 3.3.4 Vegetation Pigment Concentration 3.3.5 Data Analyses 3.4 Results 3.4.1 RGB Indices as a Surrogate for Pigment-driven Spectral Indices 3.4.2 RGB Indices as a Surrogate for Leaf-level Pigment concentration 3.5 Discussion 3.6 Conclusions 3.7 Supplementary Material 3.7.1 Data Publication 4 Implications of Litter and Non-vascular Components on Multiscale Hyperspectral Data in a Low Arctic Ecosystem 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Materials and Methods 4.3.1 Study Site 4.4 Remote Sensing Data 4.4.1 Ground-based Image Spectroscopy Data 4.4.2 Airborne AISA Hyperspectral Data 4.4.3 EnMAP Simulation 4.4.4 Spectral Comparison by Wavelength 4.4.5 Linear Mixture Analysis 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Spatial Scaling of Spectral Signals 4.6 Discussion 4.7 Conclusions 4.8 Acknowledgements 5 Synthesis and Discussion 5.1 Phenological Phase: does phenology influence the spectral variability of dominant low Arctic vegetation communities? 5.2 Vegetation Colour: How does canopy-level vegetation colour relate to phenological changes in leaf-level photosynthetic pigment concentration? 5.3 Intrinsic Ecosystem Components: How does spatial aggregation of high spectral resolution data influence low Arctic tundra vegetation signals? 5.4 Key Innovations 5.5 Limitations and Technical Considerations 5.6 Outlook: Opportunities for Future Research 6 References Acknowledgements

Language: English

Keywords: Hochschulschrift

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-42592

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Format: 200 S. : graph. Darst.

Series Statement: IPST 1031

Uniform Title: Fizika pogranichonogo sloya atmosfery 〈engl.〉

Note: MAB0014.001: AWI A7-98-0092 , MAB0014.002: PIK N 456-99-0205 , MAB0014.003: MOP 35101 , Contents: Preface. - Introduction. - I. THE EQUATIONS OF HYDROTHERMODYNAMICS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYERS; ANALYSIS OF THESE EQUATIONS. - § 1. Derivation of the Equations for the Averaged Quantities. - § 2. The Relation Between Fluctuations of the Meteorological Elements and the Averaged Characteristics. Currents of Various Substances Due to Turbulence. - § 3. Some Problems of Turbulence Dynamics. The Reynolds Number. The Richardson Number § 4. Classification of Motions. Estimation of the Thickness of the Planetary Boundary Layer. The Surface Sublayer. - II. THE BOUNDARY LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE IN STATIONARY CONDITIONS. - § 1. Some Information on the Distribution of the Meteorological Elements in the Boundary Layer. - § 2. External Factors Determining the Structure of the Boundary Layer of the Atmosphere. - § 3. A Boundary Layer Model with Height-Independent Turbulence Coefficient (One-Parameter Model). - § 4. The Structure of the Surface Sublayer. - § 5. Calculation of the Basic Characteristics of the Surface Sublayer. - § 6. Two-Parameter Model of the Boundary Layer of the Atmosphere. - § 7. Some Information on the Processes at the Active Surface and in the Upper Layers of the Ground Influencing the Boundary Layer. - III. DAILY VARIATION OF THE METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS. - § 1. The Simplest Model for the Daily Temperature Variation. Features of the Daily Temperature Variation Over Water. - § 2. Daily Temperature Variations for Turbulent Mixing Intensity Growing with Height. - § 3. An Account of the Time Variations of the Eddy Exchange in the Theory of the Daily Temperature Variations. - § 4. The Influence of the Radiative Heat Influx on the Daily Temperature Variation. - § 5. Nocturnal Lowering of the Temperature. Forecasting of Radiation Frosts. - § 6. Daily Humidity Variations. Radiation Fogs. - § 7. Daily Variations of Wind Velocity. - IV. VARIATIONS OF METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS DUE TO THE INHOMOGENEITY OF THE ACTIVE SURFACE. - § 1. Qualitative Analysis of the Transformation Process. - § 2. Variations of the Temperature and Humidity Fields Over an Inhomogeneous Underlying Surface. - § 3. Formation of Advection Fogs. - § 4. Variations of the Micrometeorological Regime in Irrigation, Irrigation Standards for Various Meteorological Conditions. - § 5. Influence of Small Reservoirs on the Structure of the Lower Layers of the Atmosphere. - § 6. Nonstationary Processes Over An Inhomogeneous Underlying Surface. - § 7. Local Winds. - V. PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES OF A SPECIAL NATURE RELATED TO THE METEOROLOGICAL REGIME OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER. - §1. Wind Drift of Ice Floes. - § 2. Applications of the Laws of the Boundary Layer of the Atmosphere to Problems of Construction and Power Engineering. - § 3. Freezing of the Upper Layer of the Ground. - § 4. Pollution of the Lower Layers of the Atmosphere by Smoke From Factory Chimneys. - § 5. Some Features of the Electrostatic Field in the Surface Layer of the Atmosphere. , Transl. from Russian

Language: English

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Format: x, 352 Seiten , Illustrationen

ISBN: 978-1-4757-2292-5

Content: Frozen Ground Engineering first introduces the reader to the frozen environment and the behavior of frozen soil as an engineering material. In subsequent chapters this information is used in the analysis and design of ground support systems, foundations, and embankments. These and other topics make this book suitable for use by civil engineering students in a one-semester course on frozen ground engineering at the senior or first-year-graduate level. Students are assumed to have a working knowledge of undergraduate mechanics (statics and mechanics of materials) and geotechnical engineering (usual two-course sequence). A knowledge of basic geology would be helpful but is not essential. This book will also be useful to advanced students in other disciplines and to engineers who desire an introduction to frozen ground engineering or references to selected technical publications in the field. BACKGROUND Frozen ground engineering has developed rapidly in the past several decades under the pressure of necessity. As practical problems involving frozen soils broadened in scope, the inadequacy of earlier methods for coping became increasingly apparent. The application of ground freezing to geotechnical projects throughout the world continues to grow as significant advances have been made in ground freezing technology. Freezing is a useful and versatile technique for temporary earth support, groundwater control in difficult soil or rock strata, and the formation of subsurface containment barriers suitable for use in groundwater remediation projects.

Note: Contents PREFACE CHAPTER 1. FROZEN GROUND 1.1 Frozen ground support systems Frozen earth wall Design considerations 1.2 Seasonally and perennially frozen ground Cold regions: definition Subsurface temperatures Active layer, Permafrost 1.3 Terrain features in permafrost areas Ground ice features Patterned ground 1.4 Engineering considerations Freezing process Thawing of frozen ground Frost action Useful aspects of frozen ground Ice as a construction material Problems CHAPTER 2. PHYSICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES 2.1 Composition and structure of frozen ground Soil types Phase relationships Ice phase Particle size and size distribution Consistency of cohesive soils 2.2 Soil classification Unified soil classification system Frozen soil classification 2.3 Water-ice phase relationships Unfrozen water in frozen soil Effect of solutes on freezing 2.4 Soil frost action Frost action process Frost susceptibility of soils Frost-heave forces Freeze-thaw effects on permeability 2.5 Thermal properties Thermal conductivity Heat capacity Thermal diffusiuity Latent heat of fusion Thermal expansion (or contraction) Problems CHAPTER 3. HEAT FLOW IN SOILS 3.1 Heat transfer at the ground surface Climatic factors Freezing (or thawing) indices Surface n-factor 3.2 Seasonal ground freezing (or thawing) Frost depth Thawing of frozen soil Design implications 3.3 Temperature below cooled (or heated) areas Steady state heat flow Transient temperatures Periodic heat flow 3.4 Thermal analysis: frozen ground support systems Single freeze pipe Wall formation Multiple rows of freeze pipes Problems CHAPTER 4. THAW BEHAVIOR OF FROZEN GROUND 4.1 Thaw settlement 4.2 Consolidation of thawing soils Thaw consolidation Residual stress in thawing soils 4.3 Thaw-consolidation in some layered systems Two layer soil problems Compressible soil ouer discrete ice layers Problems CHAPTER 5. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FROZEN SOILS 5.1 Stress-strain-time and strength behavior Hydrostatic pressure effect on frozen soil behavior Shear stress effect on frozen soil behavior 5.2 Factors influencing creep and strength Creep of frozen soil under constant stress Stress-strain behavior under constant strain rate Ice content effect on strength Normal pressure effect on strength Strain rate effect on strength Temperature effect on strength Frozen soil behauior at cryogenic temperatures 5.3 Analytical representation of creep and strength data General creep equation Strength of frozen soils Comparison with Vyalou's creep and strength equations Normal pressure effect on creep and strength Salinity effect on frozen soil creep and strength 5.4 Frozen soil behavior in uniaxial tension 5.5 Deformability of frozen soils 5.6 Compressibility of frozen soils Problems CHAPTER 6. CONSTRUCTION GROUND FREEZING 6.1 Design considerations Ground freezing applications Soil conditions Groundwater flow Ground movement 6.2 Freezing methods and system installation Primary plant and pumped loop secondary coolant Expendable liquid refrigerant Installation of the cooling system 6.3 Structural design of frozen earth walls Curved walls Straight walls and combinations Tunnels Finite-element method 6.4 Monitoring requirements Freeze hole deviation Temperature Frost boundary location and wall thickness 6.5 Other construction considerations Protection of exposed frozen earth Concrete placement against frozen earth Problems CHAPTER 7. FOUNDATIONS IN FROZEN SOILS 7.1 General considerations Foundations in seasonally frozen ground Foundations in permafrost 7.2 Shallow foundations Selection of foundation method Design of shallow foundations Bearing capacity Settlement considerations 7.3 Pile foundations Pile types Pile placement Pile freezeback Axially loaded piles Laterally loaded piles Anchors in frozen ground 7.4 Frost-heave forces on foundations Tangential forces on a vertical surface Design for frost heave Problems CHAPTER 8. STABILITY OF SOIL MASSES IN COLD REGIONS 8.1 Landslides in permafrost: classification 8.2 Slopes in thawing permafrost Low-angle planar flows Slides 8.3 Slopes in frozen soils 8.4 Slope stabilization methods Construction and design techniques Stabilization of planar slides Stabilization of cut slopes Problems CHAPTER 9. EARTHWORK IN COLD REGIONS 9.1 Site considerations Drainage Thermal and frost action factors Subsurface conditions Material sources 9.2 Excavation and transport Mechanical excavation Drilling and blasting Thawing frozen soil Hydraulic dredging 9.3 Field placement Compaction Placement in water 9.4 Water-retaining embankments on permafrost Unfrozen embankments Frozen embankments Maintaining the frozen state Thermal and stability considerations 9.5 Embankment performance Frost heave Settlement Stability Artificial islands CHAPTER 10. FIELD INVESTIGATIONS 10.1. Sampling frozen ground Sampling methods Sample protection 10.2 Ground-temperature measurement Temperature sensors and measuring equipment 10.3 Field testing of frozen soils Field test methods Pressuremeter test Deep static cone penetration test Other types of field tests 10.4 Geophysical methods Seismic velocities in frozen ground Electrical properties of frozen ground Geophysical techniques used in frozen ground High-frequency electrical methods Borehole logging in permafrost APPENDIX A. SYMBOLS APPENDIX B. SI UNITS APPENDIX C LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS ON FROZEN SOILS C1 Handling, storage, and machining of specimens prior to testing C2 Uniaxial compression test C3 Uniaxial tensile test C.4 Salinity of soil pore water C5 Thermosiphon C6 Pile load test in permafrost REFERENCES AUTHOR INDEX SUBJECT INDEX

Language: English

Keywords: Einführung

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Format: xxiii, 537 Seiten , Illustrationen

ISBN: 978-3-319-76872-4

Series Statement: Springer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research

Content: This book on space geodesy presents pioneering geometrical approaches in the modelling of satellite orbits and gravity field of the Earth, based on the gravity field missions CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE in the LEO orbit. Geometrical approach is also extended to precise positioning in space using multi-GNSS constellations and space geodesy techniques in the realization of the terrestrial and celestial reference frame of the Earth. This book addresses major new developments that were taking place in space geodesy in the last decade, namely the availability of GPS receivers onboard LEO satellites, the multitude of the new GNSS satellite navigation systems, the huge improvement in the accuracy of satellite clocks and the revolution in the determination of the Earth's gravity field with dedicated satellite missions

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: - The First Geometric POD of LEO Satellites - a Piece of History - Reference Frame From the Combination of a LEO Satellite with GPS Constellation and Ground Network of GPS Stations - Geometrical Model of the Earth’s Geo center Based on Temporal Gravity Field Maps - First Phase Clocks and Frequency Transfer - First Geometric POD of GPS and Galileo Satellites - Kinematics of IGS Stations - Reduced-Kinematic POD - First GPS Baseline in Space - the GRACE Mission - Geometrical Modeling of the Ionosphere and the Troposphere with LEO Orbit - Aerodynamics in Low LEO: A Novel Approach to Modeling Air Density Based on IGS TEC Maps - GPS Single-Frequency: From First cm-POD to Single Frequency GNSS-RO/R - Absolute Code Biases Based on the Ambiguity-Free Linear Combination - DCBs without TEC - LEO Near-Field Multipath and Antenna Effects - Probing the Flyby Anomaly Using Kinematic POD - Exotic Applications of Kinematic POD - Galileo-2: A Highly Accurate Dynamical GEO Reference Frame to Complement the TRF - Geometrical Representation of Gravity Field Determination

Language: English

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Format: iv, 30 Seiten , Illustrationen

Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-15

Content: This report discusses the application of several modern geophysical techniques to groundwater exploration in areas in permafrost. These methods utilize the principles of magnetic induction and radiowave surface impedance in the 10- to 400-kHz band, the techniques of impulse and side-looking radar in the 50- to 10,000-MHz band, and also some optical techniques using imagery obtained from a satellite. Low frequency case studies demonstrate the use of the techniques for detecting free water under an ice cover in shallow, almost completely frozen lake basins, and thaw zones within lake beds, stream channels, and in permafrost in general. The radar studies demonstrate the use of these techniques for determining depth of free water and ice cover thickness on lakes and rivers

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Part I. Low frequency resistivity methods Resistivity of earth materials Theory and description of techniques Surface impedance technique Airborne radiowave technique Magnetic induction technique Case studies Location of thaw zones beneath lakes and rivers Location of permeable materials in unfrozen ground Delineating permafrost boundaries Part II. High frequency dielectric methods Dielectric properties of earth materials Theory and description of equIpment Profiling radar Imaging radar Case studies Radar profile of a river channel Impulse radar profile of a freshwater lake SLAR imagery of Arctic lakes Literature cited Appendix A: Satellite imagery for subsurface water exploration

In: CRREL Report, 79-15

Language: English

Keywords: Forschungsbericht

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA072157

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9012

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Format: 250 Seiten , Illustrationen

ISBN: 978-1-78620-401-1

ISSN: 0305-8719 (Print) , 2041-4927 (ebook)

Series Statement: Geological Society Special Publication 479

Content: Fractured bedrock aquifers have traditionally been regarded as low-productivity aquifers, with only limited relevance to regional groundwater resources. It is now being increasingly recognised that these complex bedrock aquifers can play an important role in catchment management and subsurface energy systems. At shallow to intermediate depth, fractured bedrock aquifers help to sustain surface water baseflows and groundwater dependent ecosystems, provide local groundwater supplies and impact on contaminant transfers on a catchment scale. At greater depths, understanding the properties and groundwater flow regimes of these complex aquifers can be crucial for the successful installation of subsurface energy and storage systems, such as deep geothermal or Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage systems and natural gas or CO2 storage facilities as well as the exploration of natural resources such as conventional/unconventional oil and gas. In many scenarios, a robust understanding of fractured bedrock aquifers is required to assess the nature and extent of connectivity between such engineered subsurface systems at depth and overlying receptors in the shallow subsurface.

Note: GFZ-intern online verfügbar , Contents OFTERDINGER, U., MACDONALD, A. M., COMTE, J.-C. & YOUNG, M. E. Groundwater in fracturedbedrock environments: managing catchment and subsurface resources–an introduction .....1 FOUCHÉ, O., YAO,TH. K., OGA, M.-S. Y. & SORO, N. Typology of hard rock ground waterswithin the Lower Sassandra, a main catchment in humid tropical West Africa .....................................11 COMTE, J.-C., OFTERDINGER, U., LEGCHENKO, A., CAULFIELD, J., CASSIDY,R.&MÉZQUITAGONZÁLEZ, J. A. Catchment-scale heterogeneity offlow and storage propertiesin a weathered/fractured hard rock aquifer from resistivity and magnetic resonance surveys: implications for groundwaterflow paths and the distribution of residence times ........................................................................35 VASSEUR,G.&LACHASSAGNE, P. Evaluation of the geothermal effects caused by the weatheringof crystalline rocks ....................59 MACDONALD,A.M.&DAVIES, J. Fractures in shale: the significance of igneous intrusions forgroundwaterflow .....................................71 DICKSON, N. E. M., COMTE, J.-C., KOUSSOUBE, Y., OFTERDINGER,U.S.&VOUILLAMOZ, J.-M.Analysis and numerical modelling of large-scale controls on aquifer structure andhydrogeological properties in the African basement (Benin, West Africa) .....................................................................................81 PARKER, B. L., CHAPMAN, S. W., GOLDSTEIN,K.J.&CHERRY, J. A. Multiple lines offieldevidence to inform fracture network connectivity at a shale site contaminated with densenon-aqueous phase liquids ..........................................................................101 STROEBEL, D. H., THIART,C.&DEWIT, M. Towards defining a baseline status of scarcegroundwater resources in anticipation of hydraulic fracturing in the Eastern Cape Karoo,South Africa: salinity, aquifer yields and groundwater levels ........................................129 BAIOCCHI, A., LOTTI, F., PISCOPO,V.&SAMMASSIMO, V. Hard-rock aquifer response topumping and sustainable yield of wells in some areas of Mediterranean Region ........................................147 NEWTON, C. J. Fracture and conduit controls on groundwater movementin the Carboniferous Limestone of the eastern Mendip Hills, Somerset, England .........................................................161 KENNEL,J.R.&PARKER, B. L. Acoustic televiewer amplitude data for porosity estimationwith application to porewater conversion ....177 BELLE, P., LACHASSAGNE, P., MATHIEU, F., BARBET, C., BRISSET,N.&GOURRY, J.-C.Characterization and location of the laminated layer within hard rock weathering profilesfrom electrical resistivity tomography: implications for water well siting ..............187 PARKER, B. L., BAIROS, K., MALDANER, C. H., CHAPMAN, S. W., TURNER, C. M.,BURNS, L. S., PLETT, J., CARTER, R.&CHERRY, J. A. Metolachlor dense non-aqueous phaseliquid source conditions and plume attenuation in a dolostone water supply aquifer ................................................................207 ADEKILE,D.&CARTER, R. James Robert Temple Hazell: A Pioneer of African Hydrogeology ...........................................................237 Index .....................................................................................245

In: Geological Society Special Publication, 479

Language: English

Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung

URL: https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/479/1

UID:

Format: X, 104, A-57 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme

Content: With Arctic ground as a huge and temperature-sensitive carbon reservoir, maintaining low ground temperatures and frozen conditions to prevent further carbon emissions that contrib-ute to global climate warming is a key element in humankind’s fight to maintain habitable con-ditions on earth. Former studies showed that during the late Pleistocene, Arctic ground condi-tions were generally colder and more stable as the result of an ecosystem dominated by large herbivorous mammals and vast extents of graminoid vegetation – the mammoth steppe. Characterised by high plant productivity (grassland) and low ground insulation due to animal-caused compression and removal of snow, this ecosystem enabled deep permafrost aggrad-ation. Now, with tundra and shrub vegetation common in the terrestrial Arctic, these effects are not in place anymore. However, it appears to be possible to recreate this ecosystem local-ly by artificially increasing animal numbers, and hence keep Arctic ground cold to reduce or-ganic matter decomposition and carbon release into the atmosphere. By measuring thaw depth, total organic carbon and total nitrogen content, stable carbon iso-tope ratio, radiocarbon age, n-alkane and alcohol characteristics and assessing dominant vegetation types along grazing intensity transects in two contrasting Arctic areas, it was found that recreating conditions locally, similar to the mammoth steppe, seems to be possible. For permafrost-affected soil, it was shown that intensive grazing in direct comparison to non-grazed areas reduces active layer depth and leads to higher TOC contents in the active layer soil. For soil only frozen on top in winter, an increase of TOC with grazing intensity could not be found, most likely because of confounding factors such as vertical water and carbon movement, which is not possible with an impermeable layer in permafrost. In both areas, high animal activity led to a vegetation transformation towards species-poor graminoid-dominated landscapes with less shrubs. Lipid biomarker analysis revealed that, even though the available organic material is different between the study areas, in both permafrost-affected and sea-sonally frozen soils the organic material in sites affected by high animal activity was less de-composed than under less intensive grazing pressure. In conclusion, high animal activity af-fects decomposition processes in Arctic soils and the ground thermal regime, visible from reduced active layer depth in permafrost areas. Therefore, grazing management might be utilised to locally stabilise permafrost and reduce Arctic carbon emissions in the future, but is likely not scalable to the entire permafrost region.

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2024 , Table of contents ABSTRACT ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ABBREVIATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND 1.1.1 ARCTIC GROUND 1.1.2 THE PHENOMENON OF PERMAFROST 1.1.3 ARCTIC NON - PERMAFROST AREAS 1.1.4 HYPOTHESIS 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1.3 METHODS 1.3.1 FIELD METHODS AND SAMPLING APPROACH 1.3.2 STUDY AREA SELECTION 1.3.3 LABORATORY METHODS 1.4 THESIS ORGANISATION CHAPTER 2: LARGE HERBIVORES ON PERMAFROST – A PILOT STUDY OF GRAZING IMPACTS ON PERMAFROST SOIL CARBON STORAGE IN NORTHEASTERN SIBERIA 2.1 ABSTRACT 2.2 I NTRODUCTION 2.3 STUDY AREA 2.4 METHODS 2.4.1 FIELD SAMPLING APPROACH 2.4.2 LABORATORY WORK 2.4.3 DATA ANALYSIS AND EXTERNAL DATA 2.5 RESULTS 2.5.1 VEGETATION ASSESSMENT 2.5.2 SEASONAL THAW DEPTH 2.5.3 CARBON PARAMETERS (TOC, TOC/TN RATIOS , AND Δ13 C RATIOS ) 2.5.4 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND WATER CONTENT 2.5.5 STATISTICS AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS 2.6 DISCUSSION 2.6.1 EFFECTS OF GRAZING ON VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND PERMAFROST THAW 2.6.2 CARBON ACCUMULATION UNDER GRAZING IMPACT 2.6.3 METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS OF THE PILOT STUDY 2.7 CONCLUSION 2.8 DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 2.9 AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS 2.10 FUNDING 2.11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2.12 CONFLICT OF INTERESTS CHAPTER 3: IMPACTS OF REINDEER ON SOIL CARBON STORAGE IN THE SEASONALLY FROZEN GROUND OF NORTHERN FINLAND: A PILOT STUDY 3.1 ABSTRACT 3.2 I NTRODUCTION 3.3 STUDY AREA 3.4 METHODS 3.4.1 FIELD WORK 3.4.2 LABORATORY ANALYSIS 3.4.3 DATA ANALYSIS AND CALCULATIONS 3.5 RESULTS 3.5.1 CORE DESCRIPTIONS 3.5.2 VEGETATION 3.5.3 CARBON PARAMETERS 3.5.6 COMPARATIVE DATA ANALYSIS 3.6 DISCUSSION 3.6.1 REINDEER IMPACT ON SOIL CARBON STORAGE 3.6.2 REINDEER IMPACT ON VEGETATION 3.6.3 REINDEER IMPACT ON GROUND CHARACTERISTICS 3.6.4 SOC DENSITY AND STOCKS ACROSS THE KUTUHARJU STATION AREA 3.6.5 METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS OF THE PILOT STUDY DESIGN 3.6.6 IMPLICATIONS OF THE PILOT STUDY FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 3.7 CONCLUSION 3.8 DATA AVAILABILITY 3.9 AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION 3.10 COMPETING INTERESTS 3.11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3.12 FUNDING TABLE 3-1 TABLE 3-2 TABLE 3-3 CHAPTER 4: LIPID BIOMARKER SCREENING TO TRACE RECENT LARGE HERBIVORE INFLUENCE ON SOIL CARBON IN PERMAFROST AND SEASONALLY FROZEN ARCTIC GROUND 4.1 ABSTRACT 4.2 I NTRODUCTION 4.3 STUDY AREA 4.4 METHODS 4.4.1 SAMPLING APPROACH 4.4.2 LABORATORY ANALYSIS 4.4.3 LIPID BIOMARKER INDICES 4.4.4 STATISTICS 4.5 RESULTS 4.5.1 TOC 4.5.2 C/N RATIO 4.5.3 STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE RATIO 4.5.4 ABSOLUTE N- ALKANE CONCENTRATION 4.5.5 AVERAGE CHAIN LENGTH 4.5.6 CARBON PREFERENCE INDEX 4.5.7 HIGHER - PLANT ALCOHOL INDEX 4.5.8 STATISTICAL RESULTS 4.6 DISCUSSION 4.6.1 EFFECTS OF GRAZING INTENSITY ON BIOMARKER SIGNALS 4.6.2 EFFECTS OF GROUND THERMAL REGIME ON SOIL OM DEGRADATION 4.6.3 I MPACT OF HERBIVORY ON PERMAFROST OM STORAGE 4.7 CONCLUSION 4.8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4.9 COMPETING INTERESTS 4.10 AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION 4.11 FUNDING 4.12 DATA AVAILABILITY CHAPTER 5: SYNTHESIS 5.1 ECOSYSTEM CHANGES UNDER THE IMPACT OF LARGE HERBIVORES 5.2 GRAZING EFFECTS ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER DECOMPOSITION 5.3 F EASIBILITY OF UTILISING HERBIVORY IN THE ARCTIC 5.4 RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL PLANNING AND USE OF ARCTIC HERBIVORY REFERENCES 93 FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX I ORGANIC CARBON CHARACTERISTICS IN ICE - RICH PERMAFROST IN ALAS AND YEDOMA DEPOSITS , CENTRAL YAKUTIA, SIBERIA APPENDIX II WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF HERBIVORE DIVERSITY ON TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS ? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (ABSTRACT) APPENDIX III SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL TO CHAPTER 2: LARGE HERBIVORES ON PERMAFROST – A PILOT STUDY OF GRAZING IMPACTS ON PERMAFROST SOIL CARBON STORAGE IN NORTHEASTERN SIBERIA APPENDIX IV SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL TO CHAPTER 3: IMPACTS OF REINDEER ON SOIL CARBON STORAGE IN THE SEASONALLY FROZEN GROUND OF NORTHERN FINLAND : A PILOT STUDY APPENDIX V SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL TO CHAPTER 4: A PILOT STUDY OF LIPID BIOMARKERS TO TRACE RECENT LARGE HERBIVORE INFLUENCE ON SOIL CARBON IN PERMAFROST AND SEASONALLY ROZEN ARCTIC GROUND APPENDIX VI SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL TO APPENDIX IV: ORGANIC CARBON CHARACTERISTICS IN ICE - RICH PERMAFROST IN ALAS AND YEDOMA DEPOSITS , CENTRAL YAKUTIA, SIBERIA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - DANKSAGUNG

Language: English

Keywords: Hochschulschrift

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-62424

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-62424

Author information: Große, Guido 1976-

UID:

Format: vi, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen

Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-31

Content: Sections in the Connecticut River where ice jam potential is high were identified through the use of low-altitude black and white photographs taken during low-flow, ice-free conditions. The hydraulics and mechanics of ice jam initiation were investigated in the river reach where these sections were identified. Certain areas were found in the river that had a high susceptibility to ice clogging, but this high potential decreased with increasing discharge because of the improved surface conveyance of the ice through the reach. The stability of ice floes was established along the channel, but the floes generally became unstable as the flow increased. This was calculated by using a Froude number criterion. Grounding locations for ice became evident when the critical Froude number was zero for a given thickness and water depth. No single factor was determined to be responsible for initiating the ice jams in the Connecticut River at Windsor. Apparently there existed a multitude of interacting conditions: surface constrictions, possible high backwater conditions from the Brattleboro Dam, a solid ice cover in the backwater of the Brattleboro Dam that prevented ice transport from the Windsor area, deep pools followed by shallow depth sections upstream of bridge piers, a greater ice thickness accumulation of fragmented floes than would result if a uniform cover could be established in the same reach, and the diurnal fluctuation of river stage casued by the release of water at Wilder Dam.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Testsite Aerial photography Channel morphology — Interpretation of aerial photographs Ground surveys Hydraulic analysis Analysis of ice jam locations Winter field observations Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Locations and plots of cross sections from Sumner Falls to Chase Island, Connecticut River

In: CRREL Report, 76-31

Language: English

Keywords: Forschungsbericht

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9535

UID:

Format: 234 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme

Content: Anthropogenic climate change constitutes one of the main global crises in the 21st century. It manifests itself distinctly in global warming and its effects. Forests play an essential role in mitigating the effects of climate change, improving our knowledge of the distribution and changes of terrestrial carbon stocks is vital to mitigate its consequences. Therefore, remote sensing is recommended as one of the tools to ensure systematic and operational forest monitoring. Forests in the Russian Federation are of particular importance as it is the most forested country in the world and at the same time, it is the country with the highest uncertainty when calculating global carbon stocks. Remote sensing is recommended as one of the tools to ensure systematic and operational forest monitoring. It can acquire data over large areas with a high repetition rate and at a relatively low cost. In particular, microwave sensors are recommended as they can provide weather and sun independent, systematic observations with high temporal frequency. The main goal of this cumulative dissertation was to develop methods using new algorithms for estimating parameters for boreal forests from remote sensing data acquired with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Using the SAR data acquired by the sensor with the longest wavelength available at the moment of writing this dissertation in space, the L-band, methods for estimating the above-ground forest biomass were developed. For this purpose, algorithms for machine learning (ML) were applied and validated. These methods were chosen because they are recommended for large data sets and an incomplete theoretical understanding of processes, e.g., the interaction between the forest and the radar signal, and are relatively new in forest monitoring studies. In addition, efforts have been made to establish improved mapping of large-scale forest cover change

Note: Kumulative Dissertation, enthält Zeitschriftenaufsätze , Tag der Verteidigung: 02.12.2020 , Dissertation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2020 , Content ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS APPENDED PAPERS RELATED PUBLICATIONS FIGURES TABLES I ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ABSTRACT ZUSAMMENFASSUNG CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Importance of forest monitoring 1.2 Remote sensing for forest monitoring 1.3 Scope and structure of this thesis CHAPTER 2 2 Theoretical background & state-of-the-art 2.1 Boreal forests 2.2 Imaging radar theory 2.2.1 Radar principles 2.2.2 Radar scattering 2.2.3 SAR data processing 2.2.4 SAR lnterferometry 2.3 Radar remote sensing of boreal forests 2.3.1 Estimation of aboveground biomass 2.3.2 Monitoring of forest change 2.4 Study area and data 2.4.1 Location of study areas 2.4.2 Processing of in situ data 2.4.3 SAR L-band data: PALSAR & PALSAR-2 2.4.4 SAR C-band data: RADARSAT-2 CHAPTER 3 3 Research rationale 3.1 Research needs 3.2 Research questions CHAPTER 4 4 Research contribution 4.1 Operational forest monitoring in Siberia 4.2 Remote sensing for aboveground biomass estimation in boreal forests 4.3 Non-parametric retrieval of aboveground biomass 4.4 Multi-frequency SAR for estimation of aboveground biomass CHAPTER 5 5 Synthesis 5.1 Discussion and conclusions 5.2 Outlook REFERENCES APPENDIX A: PROCEEDINGS PAPER APPENDIX B: STUDIES ON nI0MASS ESTIMATION IN Il0REAL FORESTS MANUSCRIPT OVERVIEW STATEMENT OF AUTH0RSHIP CURRICULUM VITAE , Zusammenfassungen in deutscher und englischer Sprache

Language: English

Keywords: Hochschulschrift

DOI: 10.22032/dbt.47862

URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:27-dbt-20210223-111321-006

URL: Volltext

Author information: Schmullius, Christiane 1960-

Author information: Stelmaszczuk-Gòrska, Martyna 1981-

Author information: Thiel, Christian 1975-

UID:

Format: xxiv, S. 1-336, 683-688 : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.

ISBN: 9785911280505

Content: Contents: Organizers of Conference. - Sponsors of Conference. - Assessment and Prediction of the Change of Geotechnical Conditions for the Purpose of Ensuring Stability of Buildings and Structures in Nadym / I. V. Abaturova, I. A. Yemelyanova. - Hydrologic and Gaseous Export of Carbon and Nitrogen from Upland Thermokarst Features on the North Slopeof Alaska / B. W. Abbott, J. B. Jones Jr., J. R. Larouche, W. B. Bowden. - 10 Years of Permafrost Monitoring on Volcanoes of Klyuchevskaya group, Kamchatka Layer / ?. ?. Abramov, D. ?. Gilichinsky & A. Aleksandrin. - Groundwater in the Permafrost Zone / A. N. Agafontseva / Strength Properties of Warming Fine-Grained Permafrost / F. A. Agergaard,T. Ingeman-Nielsen. - The lower boundary of permafrost in Hurd Peninsula (Livingston Island, Antarctic) / J. Agrela, G. Vieira, A. Ferreira, C. Mora, M. Neves, M. Oliva, A. Trindade, M. Ramos, M. A. de Pablo, A. Molina, A. Correia, J-P. Rocha. - Thermophysical properties of surface organic layers / D. M. Aleksyutina , R. G. Motenko / Late Pleistocene Cryogenesis and Contemporary Soil Formation / V. M. Alifanov / Construction in Northern Areas / A. O. Andreev. - Geocryological components in the 1:2500000 Engineering Geological Map of Russia / V. N. Andrianov , S. N. Chekrygina. - Simulating the Operation of a Cooling System for an Oil Container at the Vankor Oil Field / G. V. Anikin, K. A. Spasennikova. - Dynamics of Subsea Permafrost and Methane Emission in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf: Effects on Global Climate / O. A. Anisimov, S. A. Lavrov. - Distribution of Trace Metals in Permafrost-Affected Environments of Northern Siberia, Russia / I. Antcibor, A. Eschenbach, L. Kutzbach, S. Zubrzycki, E-M. Pfeiffer, D. Bolshiyanov. - Footing Stability of a Bridge across the Norilskaya River in Complicated Permafrost Conditions / V. V. Antonov, A. A. Maslakov. - Forecast Evaluation of the Geoecological Situation in the Area of Operations of Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg LLC / A. K. Arabskiy, D. S. Nikolayev, O. V. Maklyuk, E. ?. Lushchenkova,V. N. Bashkin. - Permafrost Engineering Guidelines: An Overview / L. U. Arenson, M. Phillips, O. I.Aleskeeva & R. Fortier. - Geomorphology of Antarctica, an Atlas: an excellent accomplishment of the Russian Geographic Science / Y. M. Artemyev. - Purification of Grounds and Restoration of the Disturbed Soil and Vegetation Cover under the Condition of the Cryolithozone by Use of Biotechnological Methods / I. V.Balakirev, A. S.Nikishova. - The Effect of Neotectonic Activity on Cryogenic Processes in the Russian Arctic / A. V. Baranskaya. - Monitoring of Active Rock Glaciers with X-Band Differential SAR Interferometry: Case-studies in Western Swiss Alps / C. Barboux, R. Delaloye, C. Collet, C. Lambiel, T. Strozzi, H. Raetzo. - The Global Seed Vault, Rock Caverns in Permafrost / Sverre Barlindhaug. - A Historic Sketch of Permafrost Studies in Northern West Siberia / V. V.Baulin, A. I.Yudkevich, E. Yu.Nesynova. - Thermokarst in the Vicinity of the Bridge across the Yuribei River at Obskaya-Bovanenkovo Railway Station / A. I. Bazhenov , A. A. Ermak , A. N. Kurchatova , E. A. Slagoda. - Immune and Physiological Responses to Bacteria Strains Isolated from Permafrost in Outbred White Mice / A. S. Bazhin , A. M. Subbotin , L. F. Kalenova. - Spatial variability and cryogenic impacts on nutrient availability in a polygonal tundra landscape in north-east Siberia / F. Beermann, L. Kutzbach, E.-M. Pfeiffer. - The Data of the Observations at the Kolyma Water Balance Station: the Potential of their Application in Academic and Applied Problems and the Need for the Resumption of Special Surveys / I. N. Beldiman, O. M.Semenova, L. S.Lebedeva. - Massive Ground Ice on the South-Western Coast of the Kara Sea / N. G. Belova. - Heaves in the West Siberian Northern Taiga / N. M. Berdnikov, A. G. Gravis. - Study of the Far North Landscapes Dynamics Using Modern Methods of the Earth Remote Sensing / A. A. Beryulyaev. - Hydrogeological and Geocryological Conditions in the North of West Siberia / V. A. Beshentsev , V. M. Matusevich, T. V. Semenova. - Sources of Environment Risks in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area / Yu. V. Bespalova, T. P. Rezanova. - Mechanism of Water and Salt Migration in soil during Cyclic Freeze-thaw / Bing Hui. - Origin and Evolution of Subsea Ice-bearing Permafrost on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf: Implications from a 500 m Deep Borehole / S. Blasco, K. Jenner, E. Davies, F. Michel, W. Pollard, C. Graham, P. Ruffel. - Carbon Dioxide Production and Labile Organic Matter of Cryogenic Soils in North Taiga Ecosystems of Western Siberia / A. A. Bobrik, O. Yu. Goncharova. - The Regularities of Temperature Formation in the Grounds of the Western Part of the Lama Lake Basin / A. V. Bortsov, O. M. Lisitsyna. - Establishment of New Economic Region on the Basis of Central Arctic Resource Potential / ?. M. Brekhuntsov. - Hydro-Climatic Change Indications of Arctic Permafrost Thawing / A. Bring & G. Destouni. - Characterisation and Monitoring of an Active Rock Glacier in the Swiss Alps / T. Buchli, S. M. Springman, K. Merz, H. Maurer. - Thermal Conductivity of Gas-Saturated Sediments during Gas Hydrate Formation at Negative and Positive Temperatures / B. A. Bukhanov, E. M. Chuvilin. - Phytometers of Chemical Pollution of Ecosystems in Cryolithozone Regions of Western Siberia / E. V. Buldakova. - Uncertainties in the Global Mean Temperature Change Caused by Permafrost Degradation and Carbon Release / E. J. Burke, C. D. Jones, I. P. Hartley. - Geophysical Surveys in Permafrost / A. P. Bykova. - The Study of Thermoerosional Processes and Ravine Formation in Natural-Technical Systems of Gas Fields in the Cryolithozone / A. V. Bykova, M. S. Lebedev, S. A. Lobastova. - Frost Heaves / A. I. Bykovskiy, I. V. Vershinin. - "Russia-United States Thermal State of Permafrost": Permafrost Monitoring Internet Data Portal / W. Cable, V. Romanovsky, A. Kholodov, S. Marchenko, G. Grosse & R. Musket. - The Methods of Selection of the Best Location for Oil Pipeline Route on the Terrain Based on the Use of Engineering-Geocryological Cost Maps (The Case of the Above-ground Vankor-Purpe Oil Pipeline Section) / M. Yu. Cherbunina, L. N. Khrustalev. - Experience in Application of Borehole Geophysics Methods for Studying the Thawing of Permafrost Located Near Production Oil Wells at the Multiple Well Platforms of the Fields in Western Siberia / A. O. Cherepanov. - Assessment of the Damage Caused by Cryogenic Processes and the Issue of Insurance against the Consequences of these Processes for the Territory of the Russian Federation / I. V. Chesnokova. - Hydrological and Hydrochemical Features of Lakes of Polygonal Wetlands Area of the Lena River Delta, Eastern Siberia, Russia / A. A. Chetverova, I. V. Fedorova, T. M. Potapova, J. Bojke. - Creation and Maintenance of a Spatial Database During the Geotechnical Monitoring of Pipeline Transport / V. A. Chikharev. - The Impact of Low Air Temperatures on the Fuel Consumption of Automobiles Working on Compressed Natural Gas and Gasoline / E. ?.Chikishev. - The influence of snow and frozen ground on seasonal rockslide deformation in marginal permafrost areas, Northern Norway / H. H. Christiansen, L. H. Blikra. - Determining the Dependences of Permafrost Physical Characteristics near Mys Kamenny Village / E. S. Chubareva. - High CO2 and CH4 Emissions from Alaskan Streams: Potential Sources and Processes / J. T. Crawford, R. G. Striegl, K. P. Wickland, E. H. Stanley. - Study on the mechanical degradation of a frozen Alpine soil / M. Curtaz, A. M. Ferrero, M. Migliazza. - Active Layer Freeze-up Predictions to Support North-Slope Tundra Travel Management / R. P. Daanen, V. E. Romanovsky, M. Lilly, R. Paetzold, M. Head. - Changing Permafrost in the Arctic and its Global Effects in the 21st Century (PAGE21): A very large internationaland integrated project to measure the impact of permafrost degradation on the climate system / M. Dahms, H.-W. Hubberten, J. Boike & H. Lantuit. - Analysis and Design of Low-Temperature Phonetic Geothermometer / DAI Chang-lei, WANG Ji-liang, PENG Cheng, LV Ya-jie, WANG Kun, LI Hui-yu. - Changes in the Salinity Degree of Lakes Under the Influence of Anthropogenic Factors and Cryogenic Processes: Case ofKrugloye Lake, Yakutsk / M. V. Danzanova. - Linkage Between Frozen Ground Change and Streamflow Regime Over Northern Watersheds / Daqing Yang, J. R. Janowicz, D. L. Kane, Baisheng Ye, Tingjun Zhang. - Temperature Regime of Permafrost Affected Soils in Northern Yakutia / S. P. Davydov, A. I. Davydova, D. G. Fedorov-Davydov, V. E. Ostroumov, A. L.Kholodov, V. A. Sorokovikov. - Model Experiment Study on Pile Skin Friction during Frozen Soil Thawing Process / Dayan Wang, Wei Ma, Junwei Zhang, Hui Guan, Zhi Wen. - Problems of Ensuring Geotechnical Safety of Small Populated Areas in the Arctic Regions of Russia (the Case of Igarka Town) / M. V.Debolskiy. - Remote Sensing for Permafrost Monitoring / E. V. Denisevich. - Active Layer Monitoring in Limnopolar Lake CALM Site in Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, Antarctica / M. A. de Pablo, A. Molina, M. Ramos. - Ice-Ground Grout Curtain of Earth Dams in Severe Natural and Climate Conditions / S. P. Dmitrieva, N. B. Kutvitskaya, E. D. Moroz & Yu. A. Vlasova. - Development of Proposals on Constructive Solutions to Hot Oil Pipeline Laying on Permafrost / A. N.Dmitrievskiy, N. N.Khrenov. - The Cryolithozone of the Arctic Shelf of Eastern Siberia / Y. Dobytin. - On the Question of Conducting Hydraulic Fracturing in Gas Wells in the Case of Permafrost Presence in the Section / V. A.Dolgushin, A. A.Zemlyanoy, G. P.Zozulya, A. V.Kryazhev. - Spatial Distribution of Marine Chemical Tracers in Waters of Pechora Delta / E. A. Dombrovskaya, N. G. Ukraintseva. - SOC Pools and Stocks in Permafrost-affected Soils on the Tibetan Plateau / C. Dörfer, F. Baumann, P. Kühn & T. Scholten, J.-S. He. - Effects of a Changing Permafrost Regime on Hydrology and Ecosystems in Interior Alaska / T. A. Douglas, A. K. Liljedahl, M. T. Jorgenson, C. Bagley, C. Downer and N. Pradhan, K. Burks-Copes. - The Influence of Ice-Pressure on P-Wave Velocity in Alpine Low-Porosity Rocks: A Modified Time-Average Model / D. Draebing & M. Krautblatter. - Simulation of Heat and Moisture Transfer in Grounds Using the Thermal and Hydraulic Resistance Method with Regard to Ventilation of the Structures' Crawl Spaces / L. A. Duginov, M. Kh. Rozovsky, N. B. Kutvitskaya & A. V. Ryazanov. - Validation of Current Ground Thermal Conditions, Alaska Highway Corridor, Yukon Canada / M. Duguay, S. L. Smith, A. G. Lewkowicz. - Dynamics of Permafrost-Induced Landslides in Central Yamal: Evidence from Repeated Topographic Surveys / Yu. A. Dvornikov. - Rockglacier movement detection by D-InSAR in French Alps using ERS archive data and TerraSAR-X data / T. Echelard, J.-M. Krysiecki, P. Schoeneich, M. Gay. - The Geomorphological Effect Of Cornices On Gruvefjellet, Central Svalbard / M. Eckerstorfer, H. H. Christiansen, L. Rubensdotter. - Numerical Modelling of Hydrothermal Processes in an Alpine Rock Glacier / D. Ehrbar, D. Länzlinger, S. M. Springman, T. Buchli, Y. Yamamoto, M. Phillips, S. Friedel. - Mechanistic Modeling Of The Vertical Soil Organic Matter Transport At A Global Scale / A. Ekici, C. Beer, M. Braakhekke, C. Hauck, J. Boike. - Climate and grazing influences on dynamics of arctic tundra vegetation and implications for permafrost / H. E. Epstein, Q. Yu, M. K. Raynolds, D. A. Walker, U. S. Bhatt, C. J. Tucker, J. E. Pinzon. - Microbial Community Traits: Evidence that Permafrost and Active Layer Microbial Traits have Different Abiotic Drivers / J. G. Ernakovich, M. D. Wallenstein, F. J. Calderon. - Permafrost Evolution in the North-Atlantic region (Svalbard, Norway and Iceland) during the last 150 years / B. Etzelmuller, T. Hipp, T. V. Schuler, H. Farbrot, S. Westermann, K. l. Isakse, H. H.Christiansen. - Snow Layering Across Rugged Topography on a Wind-affected Slope, In High Arctic, Central Svalbard / W. R. Farnsworth, M. Eckerstorfer & H. H. Christiansen. - Active Layer Dynamics in Landscapes of Northeast Yakutia at the Turn of the 21st Century / D. G. Fedorov-Davydov, V. E. Ostroumov, A. L. Kholodov, V. A. Sorokovikov, D. A. Gilichinsky, S. P. Davydov. - Quasi-Liquid Films in Glacial and Frozen Systems / V. I.Fedoseeva, N. F.Fedoseev. - The Buried Soils of the Kolyma Lowland: their Position and Role in the Landscapes of the Palearctic / L. A. Fominykh, B. N. Zolotareva, D. L. Pinskiy. - Engineering Test Sections in Permafrost Environment: Performance of Permafrost Protection Measures and Mitigation Techniques to Permafrost Degradation / R. Fortier, L. U. Arenson, N. Fujun, G. Doré, S. P. Varlamov, S. Zabolotnik, T. Ingeman-Nielsen & J.-F. St-Laurent. - Observational Station-Based Frozen Ground Feedbacks in the Eurasian High Latitudes / O. W. Frauenfeld, Liang Chen, Tingjun Zhang. - Ground Temperatures Near a Debris Slide Detachment zone in Signaldalen, Northern Norway / R. Frauenfelder, K. Isaksen. - Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in Ground Ice: Is It Significant? / M. Fritz, H. Lantuit, H. Meyer, T. Opel, N. J. Couture, W. H. Pollard. - Interannual Variability in the Structure and Heat Conducting Properties of Snow Cover / D. M. Frolov. - Integration of Methods in Engineering Prospecting in the Permafrost Zone / V. S. Frolov. - Small Glacial Features on the Balkan Peninsula as Indicators for Climate Variations / E. M. Gachev. - The Peculiarities of the Mechanism of Suffosion Processes in the Permafrost Zone (the Case of Central Yakutia) / L. A.Gagarin. - Study of Seasonal Injury Rate at the Oil and Gas Enterprises in the North / A. F.Galkin, R. G. Khusainova. - Prediction of Hydrate Formation in the Producing Gas Well Borehole / O. S.Gasheva, S. S.Gasheva. - Monitoring the Thermal and Mechanical Behaviours of Puvirnituq Airstrip, Nunavik, Northern Quebec, Canada / F. Gaumond, G. Doré, A. Guimond. - The Assessment of Permafrost and Ecological Environment during Construction and Operation of Facilities in the North / G. O.Gavrilov, A. D.Chizhov. - Mapping of Hazardous Hydrometeorological Phenomena of the Cold Period in Order to Differentiate Their Assessment Criteria / S. A. Gavrilova. - The Scenario Assessment of the Changes in the Water Resources of the Lena River Basin in the First Third of the 21st Century / A. G. Georgiadi, N. I. Koronkevich, I. P. Milyukova, E. A. Barabanova. - The Study of Spatial Distribution of Permafrost Indicators and Landscape Structure of Central Yamal (the Case ofVaskiny Dachi Geocryological Station) / A. G. Gerasimov, Yu. A. Dvornikov. - The Bipolar Symmetry of Permafrost Temperatures in Arctic and Antarctica and Synchronism of Permafrost Age in Cenozoic / D. ?. Gilichinsky, ?. ?. ?bramov. - From Snow Depth Distribution to Small-Scale Variability of Soil Temperatures - a Probabilistic View on Permafrost in Norway / K. Gisnås, S. Westermann, T. Hipp, B. Etzelmüller & T. V. Schuler. - Soil Temperatures Over a Latitudinal Gradient in the Ross Sea Region of Antarctica: Preliminary Results / H. E. Goddard, M. R. Balks, C. A. Seybold. - Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Responses of Lakes to Fire and Thermokarst Formation in Arctic Alaskam / S. E. Godsey, Gooseff M. N., C. R. Johnson, G. W. Kling, A. E. Giblin, B. T. Crosby, K. Krieger, A. G. Lewkowicz. - New Technologies for the Recultivation of Disturbed Lands in the Far North / E. V.Golubev, O. N.Veprentsev, N. A.Veprentseva. - Influence of Interannual Variability and Trend Changes in Snow Cover's Structure and Properties on the Thermal Regime of the Underlying Surface / V. N. Golubev, S. A. Sokratov, D. M. Frolov. - The Landscape-Permafrost Conditions and the Cryogenic Processes at the 5th Salekhard Marine Terrace / A. Yu.Gorbatyuk, V. V. Rogov. - Ice-Wedge Polygons in Central Asian Highlands. A Geographic Synopsis / A. P. Gorbunov. - Permafrost as a Habitat for Microorganisms / T. Gordeeva. - Fundamentals of the Method for Determination of Thermophysical Properties of Soils / D. N. Gorobtsov. - Experimental Study of Water Saturation Influence on the Cryogenic Pressure in Saline Soils / E. S. Grechishcheva,S. E.Grechishchev, Ark. V. Pavlov. - Geocryological Conditions at the Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoe Field. Geotechnical Monitoring at the Site of an Oil Treatment Unit / Yu. V. Grigoreva, E. A. Novik. - A Database Synthesizing Published Data on Thermokarst and Thermal Erosion Processes / G. Grosse, A. B. K. Sannel, E. A. G. Schuur, E. A. G. Schuur. - Laboratory investigation of the freezing point of clay soils under high loads / Guan Hui, Dayan Wang, Ma Wei. - Paleocryogenesis in Late Pleistocene Period of Pedogenesis in the Center of the East European Plain / L. A. Gugalinskaya. - Resumed Temperature Monitoring of Permafrost in Northeastern Russia / S. A. Gulyi, V. A. Basistyi, M. N. Zheleznyak. - Cryostratigraphy and Ice Content of the Near-Surface Permafrost in Lower Adventdalen, Svalbard / S. Härtel, H. H. Christiansen, B. Elberling. - The Interaction between Remote Sensing Product Producers and the User Communities in ESA DUE PERMAFROST (Circumpolar Remote Sensing Service for Permafrost) / B. Heim, K. Elger, J. Boike, H. Lantuit, A. Rinke, H. Matthes, S. Muster, M. Langer, A. Bartsch, C. Duguay, S. Hachem, A. Soliman. - Seasonal Surface and Soil Water Storage Dynamics in Wet Polygonal Tundra, Lena River Delta, Northern Siberia / M. Helbig, P. Schreiber, B. R. K. Runkle, L. Kutzbach, J. Boike. - Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiment (NGEE Arctic): A New Project Focused on Improved Climate Prediction / L. D. Hinzman, C. J. Wilson, J. C. Rowland, S. S. Hubbard, M. S. Torn, W. J. Riley, S. D. Wullschleger, D. E. Graham, L. Liang, R. J. Norby, P. E. Thornton, A. Rogers. - Organic Matter Composition and Dynamics in Permafrost Soils of the Siberian Polygonal Tundra / S. Höfle, J. Rethemeyer, S. John, C. W. Müller, Gesine Mollenhauer, D. Roobroeck, P. Boeckx. - Permafrost Extents in China during the Last Glaciation Maximum (LGM) / Huijun Jin, Dongxin Guo, Xiaoli Chang, Zhijiu Cui. - Svalbard Permafrost in a Long Time Perspective / O. Humlum. - Behaviour Of Experimental Permafrost Submitted To Warming Conditions: Lithology & Ice Content Impact / B. Hurault & J-L. Lagarde. - Spatial Variability of Ground Temperatures and Active Layer Thickness in the Central Tian Shan / S. Imbery, M. Duishonakunov, L. King, ZhD. Sun, QZh. Gao. - An Optimization Algorithm For Interpreting Thermal Parameters For Frozen Soils With Significant Unfrozen Water Content / T. Ingeman-Nielsen, P. Gori & S. Tomaškovičová. - Ground State and Determination of the Strength and Compressibility Characteristics of Plastic Frozen Soils with the help of the Static Probing Method / O. N. Isaev. - Comparison of Development of Repeated Ice Wedges and Glaciers under the Conditions of Harsh Continental Climate: Exemplified by the Kodar Range and Charskaya Depression / E. N. Ivanov. - Promising Material for Thermal Stabilization of Grounds / K. S. Ivanov. - Cryogenic Processes and Phenomena in the Polar Urals / M. N. Ivanov. - Paleoclimate Reconstruction Based on Group Palynospectra / S. N. Ivanov, A. A. Konovalov. - Investigation of permafrost on the summit area of Mt. Fuji / G. Iwahana, A. Ikeda, K. Fukui,T. Sueyoshi. - Numerical Modeling of the Permafrost Temperatures Sensitivity to Climate Change in Alaska During the 21st Century / E. E. Jafarov, S. S. Marchenko & V. E. Romanovsky. - Decadal Changes of Vegetation Phenology over the Arctic as Detected by Satellites / G. Jia, H. Zeng, H. E. Epstein. -

Content: Continuation of the table of contents: The comparison of the surface energy budget between the permafrost region and the seasonally frozen ground region over the Tibetan Plateau / Jimin Yao, Lianglei Gu, Lin Zhao, Yongping Qiao, Keqin Jiao. -The Effect of Permafrost Thaw on Methane Emissions in a Western Alaska Peatland Chronosequence / C. E. Johnston, S. A. Ewing, & P. C. Stoy, J. W. Harden, M. T. Jorgenson. - Assessment of Different Heat Drain Materials for Protection of Permafrost under Road and Airfield Embankments / A. S. Jørgensen, R. L. Klemmensen, T. Ingeman-Nielsen, G. Doré, J. Malenfant-Lepage. - Effects of Experimental Warming On Alpine Meadow Soil Respiration during the Growing Season on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau / Junfeng Wang, Qingbai Wu. - Swamping and Perennial Freezing of the Territory Composed of Coarse Grounds / V. D. Kargapolov. - Leibnitzkopf Rock Glacier (Austrian Alps): Detection of a Fast Moving Rock Glacier and Subsequent Measurementof its Flow Velocity / V. Kaufmann, J.O. Filwarny & K. Wisiol, G. Kienast, V. Schuster, S. Reimond & R. Wilfinger. - On the Frost Heaving Forces / O. A. Kazanskiy. - On the Connection between the Parameters of the Water-Ice Phase Equilibrium and Permafrost Longevity / Kh.T.Kazbakova, A. A.Konovalov. - Modeling of Permafrost Thawing in the Case of the Presence of a Thermal Insulation Layer / I. L. Khabibullin, G. V. Lobastov. - The Natural Studies at the Bovanenkovo-Baydaratskaya Bay Route for the Provision of Investigations on the Reliable Operation of Gas Pipelines in Yamal / A. P. Kholnov, N. N. Khrenov. - Study of the workers' diet in the North during different seasons / R. G.Khusainova. - New Constructions in Continuous Permafrost Regions of Zermatt at Matterhorn Glacier Paradise, Swiss Alps / L. King, S. Imbery, M. Duishonakunov, M. Hasler, P. Julen, A. Lauber. - Assessment of Vegetation Suppression Resulting from the Effects of Geocryological Processes on the Basis of the Remote Sensing Data / K. E. Kiselevskaya. - Differences of the Frost Heaves in Sandbeds / O. G. Kistanov. - The Geoportal Project of MSU: "The Geoinformation System of a Coastal Area of the Yugor Peninsula" / A. I. Kizyakov, M. V. Zimin, A. V. Khomutov, K. A. Ermokhina, M. O. Leibman. - Temperature Regimes in Traditional Iñupiat Ice Cellars, Barrow, Alaska, USA / A. E. Klene, K. Yoshikawa, D. A. Streletskiy, N. I. Shiklomanov, J. Brown, F. E. Nelson. - Modelling subsurface heat flow in permafrost during a marine transgression in the Western Laptev Sea / F. Kneier, M. Langer, K. Froeb & P. P. Overduin. - The Construction of an Optimal Climate Projection for the Assessment of the Consequences of Climate Changes in the Cryolithozone of Russia / V. A. Kokorev, E. L. Zhiltsova. - Physical Properties of Thawed Grounds and the Existing Methods of Their Reinforcement / E. A. Kononova. - The Connection Between the Supercooling Temperature and the Frozen Ground Strength / A. A. Konovalov. - The Impact of the Gas Main Construction on the Dynamics of the Coasts in Western Yamal / N. V. Kopa-Ovdienko, A. S. Tsvetsinskiy, D. E. Kuznetsov, S. A. Ogorodov. - Study of Permafrost Processes within the Area of Ridge-Pool Bogs Located on the Territory of Sibirskie Uvaly Nature Park / S. E. Korkin, E. K. Kayl, O. I. Ivashkevich. - Large-scale Zoning of the Kharasavei Field according to Suitability for Underground Storage / T. A. Korobova. - Updating the Geocryological Map of the Russian Federation / Yu. V. Korostelev, D. S. Drozdov, M. O. Leibman, A. G.Gravis, A. A. Abramov. - Incorporation of a New Technology ofThermal Stabilization of Foundation Grounds at the Facilities of the Zapolyarnoe Oil and Gas Field / R. V. Korytnikov, D. A. Yakhontov, N. B. Kutvitskaya, M. A. Minkin, A. V. Ryazanov. - A combined analysis of permafrost C depth distributions and multi-model permafrost thermal dynamics to estimate C pools vulnerable to warming / C. Koven, J. Harden, Chien-Lu Ping, G. Michaelson, M. Kanevskiy, A. D. McGuire, G. Hugelius, P. Kuhry, C. Tarnocai,T. Jorgenson, W. J. Riley. - Radar Differential Interferometry for the Analysis of the Geocryological Processes Dynamics / L. Yu. Kozhina, V. A. Cherkasov, M. S. Goryaynov. - Statistical Analysis of Genesis Indicators of Late Cenozoic Deposits at the North-East of Yakutia / G. N. Kraev, D. G. Shmelev, I. M. Vagina, ?. ?. Rivkina, D. A. Gilichinskiy. - Estimating Societal Costs from Infrastructure Damage due to Climate Change-Induced Permafrost Degradation in Alaska / R. A. Kreig. - Methanogenic Community of Two Permafrost-affected Siberian Peat Bog Soils / K. Krivushin, S. Hunger, H. Drake, O. Kotsyurbenko, M. Glagolev, A. Sabrekov. - Thermal Interaction of the Underground Gas Pipeline with Permafrost on the Bovanenkovo-Ukhta Pipeline Section / A. V. Kryukov, G. P. Pustovoyt, V. Z. Khilimonyuk, S. I. Grebenkin. - Petroleum Development Prospects in Arctic Russia: Economic Appraisal in the National Perspective / V. V. Kuleshov, V. A. Kryukov, V. D. Marshak. - Particularities of Syncryogenic Deposits Microstructure / A. N. Kurchatova, E. A. Slagoda, V. V. Rogov. - Engineering Protection of Pipelines from Hazardous Engineering-Geological Processes in Northern Regions / N. B. Kutvitskaya, A. V. Ryazanov, A. E. Skapintsev, A. V. Ikan. - A Satellite Based Monitoring Scheme for Lowland Permafrost - Potentials and Uncertainties / M. Langer, S. Westermann, S. Muster, T. Grau, K. Wischnewski & J. Boike. - Arctic Coastal erosion: A review / H. Lantuit, P. Overduin & S. Wetterich. - Disturbance Recovery Monitoring of Tundra Vegetation by Saline Incursion from an Oceanic Storm Surge within a Freshwater Arctic Delta using Landsat / S. D. Lapka, B. J. Moorman. - Latest Pleistocene permafrost structures in the southwestern West Siberian Plain / S. I. Larin, S. A. Laukhin, V. L. Guselnikov. - The Consequences of the Non-Presence of Pre-Construction and Construction Stages in the Geotechnical Monitoring System at the Gas Field Facilities of the North / N. V. Lashina, V. V. Lashin. - The Subdepartment of Cryosphere at Russian State Geological Prospecting University / S. A. Laukhin, D. S. Drozdov, V. V. Pendin. - Permafrost in the Community Earth System Model: Present-day and projected permafrost conditions and feedbacks onto global climate / D. M. Lawrence, A. G. Slater, S. C. Swenson. - Modeling Permafrost Thaw Effects And Thermokarst Parameterization In The Community Land Model / H. Lee, S. C. Swenson, M. E. Higgins, D. M. Lawrence, A. G. Slater. - Model Hypothesis for the Formation of Ice Lenses in Saturated Freezing Soil / D. Q. Li, J. Z. Zhou, J. H. Fang, A. H. XU. - The deformation characteristicsin circumpolar latitude permafrost regions along Mohe-Beiicun Highway / Li Jin-ping, ZHANG Jin-zhao, XIAO Lou, DONG De-hui. - Late-Pleistocene and Holocene Glacier-Permafrost Interaction in Norway / K. S. Lilleøren, B. Etzelmüller, K. Gisnås, O. Humlum. - Assessing Snow-Measurement Methods for Managing Arctic Transportation on the North Slope, Alaska / M. R. Lilly, R. F. Paetzold, J. Derry, D. C. Mixon, D. Atkinson, M. S. Willison. - Analysis of Alpine Vegetation and Its Effect on Active Layer Thermal-Water Process in Frozen Ground in Source Area of Yellow River, China / LIN Lin, JIN Hui-jun, LUO Dong-liang. - Expansion of a thermokarst lake in Beiluhe Basin, on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau / LIN Zhanju, NIU Fujun, LIU Hua, LU Jiahao, LUO Jing. - Preconstruction Thawing of Frozen Grounds with the Use of Low-Voltage Ohmic Electric Heaters at the Facilities of the Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoye Field / D. V. Lipikhin, P. K. Kim. - Geocryological Conditions ofthe Grounds of the "Ice Complex" and Their Impact on the Berkakit-Tommot-Yakutsk Railway of the Amur-Yakutsk Mainline / ?. V. Litovko. - Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Temperature Characteristics of High-Speed Railway's Embankment in Seasonal Freezing Regions / LIU Hua, NIU Fujun, NIU Yonghong, LIN Zhanju, LU Jiahao, LUO Jing. - Environmental Management of Thermal Erosion and Gullying in the Cryolithozone / S. A. Lobastova, I. L. Khabibullin. - Geocryological Processes and Phenomena at the Engineering Facilities of the Zapolyarnoe Oil and Gas Condensate Field / D. V. Lukin, O. G. Kistanov.

Note: MAB0014.001: AWI G3-15-0022-4/1

In: Tenth International Conference on Permafrost

URL: http://www.uspermafrost.org/icop-proceedings/TICOP%20Vol%204.pdf