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  • MPI Bildungsforschung  (873)
  • GB Grünheide
  • World Bank Group  (630)
  • Taylor, John  (243)
  • 1
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048272263
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: The analysis presented in this study points to persistent and high numbers in Georgia and Armenia of youth who are jobless and/or economically inactive and with limited access to learning and/or training opportunities, and these figures are among the highest in the ECA region. As many as 31 percent youth aged 15-29 in Georgia and 33 percent in Armenia are not in employment, education, or training (NEET). In Georgia, the phenomenon is mostly urban, whereas in Armenia it's both rural and urban. NEET rates are consistently higher among female than male youth, pointing to the fact that being female is a risk factor itself for labor market exclusion, and gender disparities. In addition to gender gaps, there are important gender differences in the condition of those who are NEET: economic inactivity - in the form of homemaking and/or caregiving work - is the most prevalent condition among NEET women, whereas unemployment is the most common status among NEET men. With regards to education, Georgia and Armenia stand out as cases where higher educational attainment does not necessarily prevent young people from becoming NEETs, and the NEET rate among higher education graduates is even bigger (particularly among women) than for those with lower education. This is a strong sign of mismatch between the demand and supply side of labor market. The economies of these countries are not able to create an adequate supply of skilled jobs for graduates, and there is persistent subsistence low-productivity employment the agriculture sector
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 2
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080202
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Content: This paper explores which factors influence the success of a GM and under what circumstances GMs trigger, or fail to trigger, improvements in project design, changes in power dynamics, or community relations. By doing so, it aims to produce clearer insights into the roadblocks as well as the dynamics of positive change achieved through GMs (Aslam, Grandvoinnet, and Raha 2015: 70). Although the World Bank offers several avenues for grievance redress to project beneficiaries, this paper focuses on project-level GMs in IPF, which are the responsibility of the World Bank's clients, that is, public sector agencies and ministries. The key research question explored is: What factors influence the effectiveness of project-level GMs? This paper relies on a mixed-methods approach. Fifteen qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted over a six-week period in February and March 2020 by the author with World Bank practitioners specializing in social safeguards policies and the supervision of social aspects, including GM implementation, in World Bank-financed projects. In April 2020, an online survey of 94 GM focal points in implementing agencies was conducted in 24 countries; its 23 questions probed the design, track record, strengths, and weaknesses of project-level GMs (World Bank 2021a). Follow-up discussions were then held with eight project implementation unit (PIU) members from two projects. Finally, the paper also relies on extensive case study analysis
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 3
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080204
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Content: Principles that are especially relevant to the operation of GMs include: (i) Equality and nondiscrimination. GMs should be easily accessible to all without distinction, although this is not always the case, e.g., if lodging a grievance requires technology that is not universally available or if grievance boxes are not fairly distributed throughout the project area; (ii) Participation and inclusion. GMs require a high degree of participation by stakeholders; (iii) Accountability and the rule of law. Because the purpose of a GM is to ensure that relevant authorities are answerable for their actions and decisions as well as to provide aggrieved persons the opportunity to instigate proceedings for appropriate redress, accountability and the rule of law are crucial
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048271802
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Like many other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, this sub-group of West and Central African countries has experienced relatively fast drops in mortality but persistently high levels of fertility, which implies continued high rates of population growth, which represent an important challenge to development prospects. At the micro level, families will face challenges to ensure that their children are well educated, nourished and healthy. At the macro level, governments will face enormous pressures to keep pace with additional cohorts of schoolchildren to educate, new entrants into the labor market, and a general rise in demand for health and social services that will outstrip the capacity of fragile systems in these countries. The authorities in thesecountries have an important window of opportunity for addressing demographic issues systematically as part of their broader economic development plans and long-term vision documents
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 5
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048273454
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: The World Bank has been supporting the Ministry of Labor, Invalids, and Social Affairs (MOLISA) in their efforts to bring about reforms in the administration and efficient delivery of social security programs. Several countries have been using technological advances in banking as well as telecommunications to digitize and improve welfare delivery programs. Electronic payments have the potential to improve client experience and reduce program costs. Social protection (SP) and social assistance (SA), programs will benefit by moving from current models of cash disbursement to non-cash, direct-to-account electronic payment models. This report provides an assessment of the status of social protection payments in Vietnam, the legal and regulatory framework, and the technical infrastructure for electronic payments and discusses steps towards implementation of digital payment for social protection programs in Vietnam. After assessing payment infrastructure, regulatory framework, and program policies, some significant changes are proposed to enable a transition from cash to non-cash payments. There are also several next steps for MoLISA and VSS to take right away, in addition to actions needed by other key stakeholders
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 6
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048273702
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Bolivia has achieved significant improvements in its reproductive health indicators in recent years. Yet the country's maternal mortality ratio, at 206 per 100,000 women in 2015, was the second highest in the Latin American and Caribbean region after Haiti. Bolivia's indigenous women are particularly vulnerable to death from complications related to pregnancy, childbirth, and the post-partum period. In the past, there have been no studies that sought the views of health providers and users to understand and address this problem in rural indigenous communities. This study fills that gap by tapping this experiential knowledge in these communities in Bolivia and gain insights into supply- and demand-side barriers that keep women away from institutional maternal health services. Increasing their use of quality maternal care is vital to long-term goals to lower the country's maternal mortality ratio. Both supply- and demand-side influences restrain the uptake of maternal health services by rural indigenous women. Strengthening the quality of maternal health services, including provider-user interactions, is a first and foremost priority that can be combined with targeted behavior change interventions to reduce community, household, and individual constraints on women seeking maternal health services
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 7
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048271031
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Bolivia is a country with a vast geographical diversity, from a high plateau (altiplano) that reaches 3,000 meters above sea level to valleys at mid-altitude and tropical plains. During the last decade, the magnitude of Bolivia's weather patterns has undergone significant changes; extreme rainfall, floods, landslides, and droughts have been pushing the poorest and most marginalized communities beyond their ability to respond. There is a considerable amount of literature documenting the consequences of weather shocks on income and poverty. The aim of this study is to supplement the quantitative evidence of the impact of droughts and floods on the welfare of Bolivian households by exploring the impacts of these severe weather events which affect psychological factors, that in turn are important when it comes to preventing and responding to these events. The study highlight the importance of considering these intangible elements that drive families' decisions, in the context of designing policies for managing weather risk. Interventions and policies aimed at improving risk management in very poor communities should take into account the role of these internal factors in the reception and adoption of solutions, and in the likelihood that the investments can contribute to social mobility. The report is organized as follows: section one gives introduction. Section two gives a brief overview of the research methods used. The third section discusses the main findings related to immediate impacts (physical losses as well as services impacted), risk management, and the role of agency. Lastly, the fourth section presents the conclusions reached
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049081704
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Content: Paraguay is a middle-income, landlocked country with a population of about seven million. The nation is highly dependent on its transport and logistics infrastructure to connect to regional markets and international seaports. In road quality and connectivity, on the other hand, Paraguay trails its neighbors and other middle-income countries. According to the Global Competitiveness Indices, Paraguay is in the bottom third of indexed countries for road connectivity and quality. The government has attempted to address perceptions on quality and connectivity through higher budget allocations for the road sector. The higher road sector budget has been directed to expansion and preservation of the paved roads since 2012 and has, on the whole, allocated sufficient funds for their maintenance as estimated by this Public Expenditure Review (PER). Despite this there has been a slight decline in the overall quality of the network due to over and under funding of roads geographically and by functional classification. This PER is structured as follows: Chapter 2 provides some background on the Paraguayan economy, the country's road network (primary, secondary, and tertiary) features and analysis, and an overview of the government institutions responsible for the network; Chapter 3 describes how Paraguay budgets and manages its road sector, what the funding sources are, and how efficiently the expenditures are being spent; Chapter 4 assesses Paraguay's goals for its road sector, the effectiveness of its budget execution and sustainability of its funding, and its sector monitoring practices; and Chapter 5 concludes with the main findings and recommendations
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 9
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048271638
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Somalia's economy grew by 2.3 percent in 2017. The economy remains vulnerable to recurrent shocks. Between 2013 and 2017, real annual GDP growth averaged 2.5 percent. Growth occurred despite adverse weather conditions that severely reduced agricultural output in late 2016 and early 2017. For Somalia to enhance and sustain economic growth and escape chronic poverty, it must increase its resilience to shocks. Growth recovery is set to continue beyond 2018, lifted by gains from ongoing reforms as well as improved security. Rising domestic demand, remittances, and donor inflows and consolidation of peace and security are expected to drive growth in 2019-20. Achieving higher growth will require acceleration of structural reforms, particularly in three areas: fiscal policy and public financial management, provision of basic services (to promote human development and inclusion), and improved resilience to weather shocks particularly in the agriculture sector. Mobile money is an essential part of Somalia's economic ecosystem. Almost three-quarters of the population aged 16 and above use mobile money on a regular basis. It is now the main transaction instrument used by both individuals and businesses across the country: presenting an opportunity to increase access to finance, spur inclusive growth, and promote resilient communities. However, with increasing dependence on mobile money as a medium of exchange comes increased vulnerabilities
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049079354
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Content: The services sector has been a critical contributor to economic growth in Vietnam but its performance lags comparators The services sector has been the economy's largest sector for the past decade. Looking ahead, services could play a crucial role in supporting Vietnam to sustain productivity growth and achieve its ambition to become a high-income economy by 2045. However, the performance of Vietnam's services sector lags peer countries. Small scale of firms, restrictions to services trade, low technological adoption and few inter-sectoral linkages affect productivity. Based on the preliminary analysis presented in this report, the four broad policy directions can be identified. First, Vietnam could further reduce restrictions to services trade and foreign investment. Second, Vietnam should encourage further adoption of digital technologies within firms to spur innovation. Third, focus should be on strengthening workers skills especially basic digital skills and the capabilities of firms and managers. Lastly, Vietnam should leverage services to promote further growth of other sectors, especially manufacturing
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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