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  • Medicine  (10,541)
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  • Medicine  (10,541)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Term Treatment with Antidepressant Drugs: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda
    S. Karger AG ; 2002
    In:  Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol. 71, No. 3 ( 2002), p. 127-132
    Details
    In: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 71, No. 3 ( 2002), p. 127-132
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3190 , 1423-0348
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000056279
    RVK:
    CU 5500
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472321-9
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Psychological Mediation of a Type of Oxidative DNA Damage, 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine, in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Non-Smoking and Non-Drinking Workers
    S. Karger AG ; 2002
    In:  Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol. 71, No. 2 ( 2002), p. 90-96
    Details
    In: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 71, No. 2 ( 2002), p. 90-96
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 The present study investigates whether the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), a known oxidative DNA damage relevant to carcinogenicity, can be associated with psychological factors, in order to clarify the possible stress-cancer linkage from a genetic viewpoint. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 We performed a cross-sectional study in which we examined the relationships of the levels of 8-OH-dG in peripheral blood leukocytes to various psychological factors, including the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in 38 non-smoking and non-drinking workers (19 males and 19 females). 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 The levels of 8-OH-dG in male subjects were negatively correlated with the Tension-Anxiety scores of the POMS. In contrast, the levels of 8-OH-dG in female subjects were positively correlated with the Depression-Rejection scores of the POMS and the CES-D scores, and negatively associated with the Vigor scores of the POMS, respectively. Male subjects who had self-blame coping strategy displayed significantly high levels of 8-OH-dG. Moreover, the worse the subjective closeness to parents in childhood, the higher the levels of 8-OH-dG became in male subjects. The levels of 8-OH-dG increased reliably in subjects who had experienced the loss of a close family member within 3 years, when compared with non-bereaved subjects. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Psychological distress may be associated with cancer risk, although sex difference influences them. Inadequate coping styles, possibly resulting from a poor interpersonal relationship with parents since childhood, and experience of a relatively recent loss of a close family member also appear to influence the pathogenesis of cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3190 , 1423-0348
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000049351
    RVK:
    CU 5500
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472321-9
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficacy of Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy for Children with Emotional Disorders
    S. Karger AG ; 2002
    In:  Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol. 71, No. 1 ( 2002), p. 28-38
    Details
    In: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 71, No. 1 ( 2002), p. 28-38
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background 〈 /i 〉 : Child psychiatry has enjoyed a long tradition of using brief psychotherapy with children, but research on its efficacy and effectiveness in the setting of routine clinical care is remarkably sparse; the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an original model of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy (BPP) for children with emotional disorders in a clinical outpatient setting. 〈 i 〉 Methods 〈 /i 〉 : A sample of 30 subjects (6.3–10.9 years old) was divided into an experimental BPP group and a control group. Each subject was evaluated at the beginning, after 6 months and at an 18-months follow-up. Outcome measures were Children’s Global Assessment Scale and Child Behavior Check-List. Statistical and clinical significance of change were evaluated. 〈 i 〉 Results 〈 /i 〉 : At the first evaluation, the experimental group showed a better improvement in global functioning; at follow-up, the two groups improved to a comparable degree, but only the mean of the experimental group moved to a functional range. The experimental group showed a significant reduction in total behavioral problems and externalizing problems at the follow-up. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions 〈 /i 〉 : The better improvement of the experimental group in two outcome measures suggests that BPP is efficient in emotional disorders. The hypothesis that BPP introduces changes at long term (sleeper effects) is suggested. The improvement in global functioning of the two groups is discussed in relation to specific characteristics of emotional disorders. Finally, limitations of the study are discussed and in particular the bias introduced by lack of randomization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3190 , 1423-0348
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000049341
    RVK:
    CU 5500
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472321-9
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fluoxetine and Fluvoxamine Combined with Individual Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy in Binge Eating Disorder: A One-Year Follow-Up Study
    S. Karger AG ; 2001
    In:  Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol. 70, No. 6 ( 2001), p. 298-306
    Details
    In: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 70, No. 6 ( 2001), p. 298-306
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 The treatment of binge eating disorder (BED) is still the object of debate. In the present study, the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs (fluoxetine – FLX – 60 mg/day, fluvoxamine – FLV –300 mg/day), cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and combined treatments (CBT + FLX, CBT + FLV) has been evaluated in a randomized, clinical trial. Results at the end of the active treatment (in the 24th week) and 1-year follow-up outcomes have been evaluated. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 One hundred eight (44 M, 64 F) BED patients were randomly assigned to either CBT, FLX (60 mg/day), FLV (300 mg/day), CBT + FLX or CBT + FLV, for 24 weeks. At the beginning (T0), at the end (T1) of treatment and after 1 year (T2), body mass index (BMI) and eating attitude and behaviours (by EDE 12.0D) were assessed. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 At T1, BMI and EDE scores were significantly reduced in CBT, CBT + FLX and CBT + FLV, but not in the FLX and FLV treatment groups. In the CBT + FLV group, a greater (p 〈 0.05) reduction of EDE total scores was observed, when compared to CBT + FLX or CBT treatment groups. At T2, BMI was significantly higher than at T1, but still significantly lower than at T0 in the CBT, CBT + FLX and CBT + FLV groups, while EDE scores remained unchanged from T1 in all treatment groups. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 CBT was more effective than FLX or FLV in the treatment of BED. The addition of FLX to CBT does not seem to provide any clear advantage, while the addition of FLV could enhance the effects of CBT on eating behaviours. Modifications of eating behaviours are maintained at the 1-year follow-up, although the lost weight was partly regained.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3190 , 1423-0348
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000056270
    RVK:
    CU 5500
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472321-9
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stress Markers in Relation to Job Strain in Human Service Organizations
    S. Karger AG ; 2001
    In:  Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol. 70, No. 5 ( 2001), p. 268-275
    Details
    In: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 70, No. 5 ( 2001), p. 268-275
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Workers in human service organizations are often confronted with conflicting demands in providing care or education. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to relate levels of endocrine stress markers to perceived job strain in two human service organizations. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Employees in two local units of the social insurance organization and two local units of the individual and family care sections of the social welfare in Sweden were selected and 103 employees participated (56% participation rate). The perceived job strain was assessed with a standardized questionnaire containing questions of the demand-control model. Questions specially designed to measure emotional demands were also included. The stress markers cortisol, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, testosterone and IgA and IgG were analysed in blood samples. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 The main finding was an association between high emotional strain and increased levels of prolactin. The levels of cortisol, but none of the other four stress markers, increased slightly with emotional strain. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Emotional strain experienced in human service work may cause psychological stress. The increase in prolactin was modest but consistent with findings in other published studies on stress-related endocrine alterations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3190 , 1423-0348
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000056265
    RVK:
    CU 5500
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472321-9
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Evaluation of the Absolute and Relative Stability of Alexithymia in Patients with Major Depression
    S. Karger AG ; 2001
    In:  Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol. 70, No. 5 ( 2001), p. 254-260
    Details
    In: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 70, No. 5 ( 2001), p. 254-260
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Previous studies demonstrating an association between alexithymia and depression have led to the proposal that alexithymia may be a state-dependent phenomenon rather than a stable and enduring personality trait. Several longitudinal studies have provided support for a trait view of alexithymia, but most of these studies evaluated absolute stability only (i.e., the extent to which alexithymia scores change over time) and did not examine the relative stability of alexithymia (i.e., the extent to which relative differences among individuals remain the same over time) in the context of changes in illness symptomatology. The present study evaluated both absolute stability and relative stability of alexithymia in depressed patients who experienced a marked reduction in the severity of depressive symptoms. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Forty-six psychiatric outpatients with major depression were assessed for alexithymia and depression with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression at the start of treatment (baseline) and after 14 weeks of treatment (follow-up) with antidepressant medication. Paired t tests and correlational analyses were performed to evaluate absolute stability and relative stability in alexithymia. Hierarchical regression analyses were then used to assess the degree to which the relative stability in alexithymia scores was related to the severity of depressive symptoms, and the degree to which changes in alexithymia scores could be attributed to changes in depression scores. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Alexithymia scores changed significantly from baseline to follow-up, indicating a general lack of absolute stability. There was, however, strong evidence of relative stability, as alexithymia scores at baseline correlated significantly with alexithymia scores at follow-up and were also a significant predictor of follow-up alexithymia scores, after partialling the effects of depression severity. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Although alexithymia scores may change in the presence of large changes in the severity of depressive symptoms, the finding of relative stability of alexithymia supports the view that this construct is a stable personality trait rather a state-dependent phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3190 , 1423-0348
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000056263
    RVK:
    CU 5500
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472321-9
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Twin Study of Alexithymia
    S. Karger AG ; 2001
    In:  Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol. 70, No. 5 ( 2001), p. 239-246
    Details
    In: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 70, No. 5 ( 2001), p. 239-246
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Factors contributing to the development of alexithymia and the nature of alexithymia’s relation with trait negative and positive affectivity are unclear. In this study, a twin approach was used to examine the degree of genetic and environmental contributions to the different facets of alexithymia, and the nature of their relations to trait negative and positive affectivity. 〈 i 〉 Method: 〈 /i 〉 Forty-five monozygotic and 32 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, and a zygosity questionnaire. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Model fitting analyses indicated that familial influences contributed significantly to all three facets of alexithymia. Parameter estimates and intraclass correlations suggested, though could not confirm, that it was shared environmental factors that contributed to difficulty identifying and communicating emotions (ID and COM), but shared genetic factors that contributed to externally oriented thinking (EOT). Between-twin cross-trait twin analyses revealed strong correlations between ID and neuroticism, and between COM and extraversion, and suggested that it is shared familial influences which account for these associations. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 The results of this study indicate that: (a) the different facets of alexithymia are influenced by familial factors; (b) the previously noted associations between ID and COM and trait affectivity are not merely methodological artifacts; and (c) the associations between ID and COM and trait affectivity are influenced by familial factors. The results also suggest that ID and COM are largely influenced by shared environmental factors, but that EOT is influenced by genetic factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3190 , 1423-0348
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000056261
    RVK:
    CU 5500
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472321-9
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Outcome Predictors in Anorectic Patients after 6 Months of Multimodal Treatment
    S. Karger AG ; 2001
    In:  Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol. 70, No. 4 ( 2001), p. 201-208
    Details
    In: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 70, No. 4 ( 2001), p. 201-208
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Anorexia nervosa is a 〈 i 〉 〈 /i 〉 severe disorder that often responds poorly to treatment. At this time, little is known about pretreatment predictors of response. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 A sample of 42 restrictor type anorectics was tested at the assessment phase and after 180 days retested using the Temperament and Character Inventory and Eating Disorder Inventory 2 along with other clinical evaluation instruments. After 180 days of treatment with multimodal ‘network’ therapy, the patients were divided into two groups. The first group included patients who showed relevant clinical improvement; the second group included patients considered ‘not yet responding’. Data collected from the not-yet-responding group were compared by the t test with the other group’s data to evaluate prognostic indexes. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Diagnosis of personality disorder, which afflicted about 50% of patients, seemed not to be a relevant prognostic factor. However, a lower novelty seeking was characteristic of the nonresponder group. Higher levels of asceticism and maturity fears also characterized the nonresponder group. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 Present data suggest some elements that could be useful to focus pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and family counseling on the current psychopathology of each patient.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3190 , 1423-0348
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000056254
    RVK:
    CU 5500
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472321-9
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Short-Term Group Therapy for Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
    S. Karger AG ; 2001
    In:  Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol. 70, No. 2 ( 2001), p. 108-111
    Details
    In: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 70, No. 2 ( 2001), p. 108-111
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 This study presents experiences of focused short-term group therapy for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Fourteen women diagnosed as CFS patients were randomly placed into two groups. The control group received group therapy 5 months after the first group. The project consisted of 10 group sessions of 1.5 h per week. Sense of coherence (SOC) was used for measuring coping resources, and self-rating scales of quality of life and of fatigue were compared before and after group therapy. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 The most valuable aspect was the sharing of experiences. More than half of the patients also felt that the sessions had improved psychological well-being through adjustment of ambitions and improved coping with symptoms. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 The study encourages further research. If group therapy is chosen as treatment for these patients, a longer period is recommended. A possible alternative is individualized short-term therapy adapted to each patient’s needs, problems and circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3190 , 1423-0348
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000056234
    RVK:
    CU 5500
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472321-9
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Psychiatric Disorders in Burn Patients: A Follow-Up Study
    S. Karger AG ; 2001
    In:  Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Vol. 70, No. 1 ( 2001), p. 30-37
    Details
    In: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 70, No. 1 ( 2001), p. 30-37
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 We report on a prospective study of 45 patients with burn injuries admitted to a major burn unit in the greater Athens area. The study aimed to explore the prevalence of psychological and psychiatric disorders among burn survivors. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 The sample comprised all consecutive cases of adult burn patients in a 6-month period. Personal interviews were conducted by the administration of the Langner scale and the DSM-III-R Structured Clinical Interview. Twelve months later, 30 patients of the baseline sample were reexamined. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Psychological impairment was found to be 45.5 and 40% at the baseline and follow-up assessments, respectively. The extent of burns was found to be associated with psychological impairment. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders (any DSM-III nosological entity) reached 46.6% at both baseline and follow-up examinations. Posttraumatic stress disorder was diagnosed in 17.8 and 20.0% of burn survivors at the baseline and the 12-month follow-up assessments, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that face disfigurement was the only burn characteristic significantly associated with the presence of psychiatric morbidity. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 The results of the study suggest that the extent of burns is not so important when compared to the possibility of disfigurement from the point of risk of developing a psychiatric disorder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3190 , 1423-0348
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000056222
    RVK:
    CU 5500
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472321-9
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 15,3
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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