Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource

Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures

Content: The Burundi collection provides historical, cultural and economic information on Burundi culture and society, circa 1907-1998. Documents that discuss the colonial period cover important themes including physical geography and material culture, ethnicity and social structure, law and custom, and gender roles and cultural ideals. Other documents deal with political processes and important historical events in the post independence period including the politics of genocide in the Great Lakes region. This includes R. Lemarchand's analysis of the genocide of Hutu by Tutsi in Burundi (1972), of Tutsi and Hutu by Hutu in Rwanda (1994) and of Hutu by Tutsi in Congo (1996-1997). Also included is a book by a professional anthropologist who lived among Burundian Hutu refugees in Tanzania. Malkki focuses on the ways the displacement of these Hutu refugees led to the creation of "essentialist" ethnic identities and the horrible violence generated both in Burundi and neighboring countries

Note: The Barundi: an ethnological study of German East Africa - Hans Meyer - 1916 -- - The structure of the Barundi community: (Ruanda-Urundi Territory, Central Africa) - George Smets - 1946 -- - The study of native court records as a method of ethnological inquiry - R DeZ. Hall - 1938 -- - Culture Summary: Barundi - Albert Trouwborst - 2010 -- - Women of Burundi: a study of social values - Ethel M. Albert - 1963 -- - Purity and exile: violence, memory, and national cosmology among Hutu refugees in Tanzania - Liisa H. Malkki - 1995 -- - Genocide in the Great Lakes: which genocide? whose genocide? - RenT Lemarchand - 1998

Language: English

Subjects: Ethnology

Keywords: Burundi

URL: Volltext

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (183 Seiten)

Edition: 1st ed

ISBN: 9798891139299

Series Statement: Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues Series

Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources , Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Russia 2023 Human Rights Report0F( -- Executive Summary -- Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person -- a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings -- b. Disappearance -- c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses -- Prison and Detention Center Conditions -- Abusive Physical Conditions -- Administration -- Independent Monitoring -- d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention -- Arrest Procedures and Treatment of Detainees -- Arbitrary Arrest -- Pretrial Detention -- e. Denial of Fair Public Trial -- Trial Procedures -- Political Prisoners and Detainees -- f. Transnational Repression -- Extraterritorial Killing, Kidnapping, Forced Returns, or Other Violence or Threats of Violence -- Threats, Harassment, Surveillance, and Coercion -- Misuse of International Law Enforcement Tools -- Efforts to Control Mobility -- Bilateral Pressure -- g. Property Seizure and Restitution -- h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence -- i. Conflict-Related Abuses -- Child Soldiers -- Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties -- a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media -- Freedom of Expression -- Violence and Harassment -- Censorship or Content Restrictions for Members of the Press and Other Media, Including Online Media -- Libel/Slander Laws -- National Security -- Internet Freedom -- b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association -- Freedom of Peaceful Assembly -- Freedom of Association -- c. Freedom of Religion -- d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country -- In-Country Movement -- Foreign Travel -- Citizenship -- e. Protection of Refugees -- Access to Asylum -- Refoulement -- Access to Basic Services -- Temporary Protection , F. Status and Treatment of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) -- g. Stateless Persons -- Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process -- Elections and Political Participation -- Abuses or Irregularities in Recent Elections -- Political Parties and Political Participation -- Participation of Women and Members of Marginalized or Vulnerable Groups -- Section 4. Corruption in Government -- Corruption -- Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights -- Retribution against Human Rights Defenders -- The United Nations or Other International Bodies -- Government Human Rights Bodies -- Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses -- Women -- Rape and Domestic Violence -- Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) -- Other Forms of Gender-Based Violence or Harassment -- Human Rights -- Discrimination -- Reproductive Rights -- Systemic Racial or Ethnic Violence and Discrimination -- Indigenous Peoples -- Children -- Birth Registration -- Education -- Child Abuse -- Child, Early, and Forced Marriage -- Sexual Exploitation of Children -- Antisemitism -- Trafficking in Persons -- Acts of Violence, Criminalization, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity or Expression, or Sex Characteristics -- Criminalization -- Violence and Harassment -- Discrimination -- Availability of Legal Gender Recognition -- Involuntary or Coercive Medical or Psychological Practices -- Restrictions of Freedom of Expression, Association, or Peaceful Assembly -- Persons with Disabilities -- Institutionalized Children -- Other Societal Violence or Discrimination -- Section 7. Worker Rights -- a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining -- b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor , c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment -- d. Discrimination (see section 6) -- e. Acceptable Conditions of Work -- Wage and Hour Laws -- Occupational Safety and Health -- Wage, Hour, and OSH Enforcement -- Chapter 2 -- Russia 2022 International Religious Freedom Report1F( -- Executive Summary -- Section I. Religious Demography -- Section II. Status of Government Respect for Religious Freedom -- Legal Framework -- Government Practices -- Section III. Status of Societal Respect for Religious Freedom -- Section IV. U.S. Government Policy and Engagement -- Chapter 3 -- Early Signs of War Crimes and Human Rights Abuses Committed by the Russian Military During the Full-Scale Invasion of Ukraine2F( -- Statement of Christo Grozev, Chief Executive Officer, Bellingcat -- Statement of Anthony Clark Arend, Ph.D., Professor of Government and Foreign Service, Chair, Department of Government, Georgetown University -- Testimony of Dr. Anthony Clark Arend Professor of Government and Foreign Service Chair, Department of Government Georgetown University Before The House Foreign Affairs Committee Subcommittee on Europe, Energy, the Environment and Cyber -- Part I: Legal Framework -- 1. General Human Rights Law -- 2. International Humanitarian Law -- A. The Hague Framework -- B. The Geneva Framework -- 3. War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity and Genocide -- a. War Crimes -- b. Crimes Against Humanity -- c. Genocide -- II. Enforcement Mechanisms -- 1. International Tribunals -- a. The International Court of Justice -- b. The International Criminal Court -- c. Ad Hoc Tribunals -- 2. Domestic Mechanisms -- a. Universal Criminal Jurisdiction -- b. Civil Jurisdiction: The Alien Tort Statute (ATS) -- III. Conclusion -- Statement of Bonnie Docherty, Senior Researcher, Arms Division, Human Rights Watch , Written Testimony from Bonnie Docherty Senior Researcher, Arms Division, Human Rights Watch Associate Director of Armed Conflict and Civilian Protection, International Human Rights Clinic, Harvard Law School -- Statement of Marc Garlasco, Military Advisor, Pax for Peace -- Mr. Marc Garlasco, Military Advisor -- PAX for Peace NY office -- Appendix: Photographic Evidence of Executed and Tortured Civilians in Kyiv District, 12 March 2022 -- Appendix -- Index -- Blank Page

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe McFall, James M. Russia: Human Rights, Religious Freedom and War Crimes New York : Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated,c2024 ISBN 9798891138919

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (341 Seiten)

Edition: 1st ed

ISBN: 9789811909160

Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series

Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources , Intro -- Acknowledgements -- From Linda -- From Eileen -- From Us Both -- To All the People We Have Named and Not Named -- About This Book -- A Gentle Warning -- How We Have Used Boxes in the Text -- What's in a Name? From Refugees to Forcibly Displaced Persons -- How Have We Defined and Used the Descriptors the Global North and the Global South, Developed and Developing Countries -- Burma or Myanmar -- Our Place in the Story -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- 1 Prologue: Why This Story Has to Be Told-A Small Cog in a Large Wheel of International Advocacy -- Rape in Conflict Is Not a New Story -- How Our Journey Began -- Academics or Activists? Daring to Say 'Action Research' -- The Importance of the Theoretical Framework -- Politics from the Start-Refugee Policy in Australia -- A Complex Story -- References -- 2 Opening Pandora's Box: Rape, Sexual Abuse and Refugee Women: 1989-1990 -- Joining the ANCCORW Team -- The Research Project -- Unintended Consequence and Unexpected Findings -- How the Findings Were Received Mid-Point -- Theory and Discussion -- The Rationalist Paradigm -- The Political Paradigm -- The 'Sacred' and the 'Profane' -- The Dialectic of Change -- Action Research-More Than a Research Method -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 From the Local to the International: Domestic Politics and International Advocacy 1990‒1992 -- Becoming an 'Expert' -- Thrown in the Deep End -- No More 'Mr Nice Guys' -- Advocacy and Lobbying Activities for the WaR Program -- Smoke and Mirrors-The Failure of a Process -- Conquering the United Nations -- The Structure of the United Nations -- How UN Law and Policy is Written -- Why is the United Nations so Important to This Story? -- A Recipe for Successful Advocacy -- What Theoretical Analysis Taught Us -- Conclusion -- Note -- References , 4 Rape as a War Crime: The Road to the 4th World Conference, Beijing 1993‒1995 -- From the Local to the Global -- A Racially Motivated Response -- The Uneasy Coming Together of Advocacy at Domestic and International Levels -- Onwards to Beijing -- Building Momentum: The Preparatory Meetings for the Beijing Conference -- The Asia-Pacific NGO Regional Planning Meeting, Manila, November 1993 -- Back in Australia, February 1994 -- The Regional Expert Group Meeting, Bangkok February 1994 -- The First International Planning Meeting for the NGO Forum, New York, March 1994 -- UN Economic and Social Council Asia-Pacific Jakarta, September 1994 -- Pride Comes Before a Fall! -- Regional NGO Working Group Meeting, Bangkok, November 1994 -- Final Preparations for Beijing -- The Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, September 1995-The NGO Forum -- The Inter-Governmental Conference -- Theory and Discussion -- The Critical Structuralist Paradigm -- Feminist Analysis and the Policy Process -- Discourse and the Policy Process -- The Challenge of Structural and Operational Change -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Interlogue -- A 'Roadmap' to Part Two: A Challenging Journey with Confronting Detours -- Naming the Barriers -- The Spectre of Gender Inequality -- Refugee Women as a Vulnerable 'Minority' Group -- The Most Contentious of All Minority Groups - Members of LGBTIQ + communities and Non-Binary Peoples -- Undermining the Protection of Men? -- Acknowledging the Achievements, Capacities, Knowledge and Strength of Refugee Women -- An Uncomfortable Truth-Not just a Few Bad Men -- The Weight of Privilege, Patriarchy and Racism -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Beijing + 5 the Never-Ending Story of Rape and Sexual Torture-1996-2000 -- The Accidental Activist -- Some Key Ingredients for Successful Collaboration , Back to the Story and Progress Made Since the Beijing Conference -- Rape Recognised as a War Crime in International Law!! -- The Rape and Sexual Torture Continue in Conflict After Conflict -- Rape Reporting: Silenced by the Media -- Building the Strategic Advocacy Campaign: Expanding Our Support Base -- Mobilising Support at the Sub-Regional Conference, Sydney, July 1999 -- Using Film for Advocacy -- Building Our Support Base at the Regional NGO Conference, Bangkok, September 1999 Expanding the Evidence -- Playing Politics: Mobilising the Support of the Australian Government -- Preparatory Committee for B + 5 CSW March 2000 -- Joining with the NGO Women's Caucus on Armed Conflict: The Never-Ending Story of Rape Continues -- Towards Security Council Resolution 1325 and a 'Me Too' Moment -- Ugly Ideological Clashes -- Struggling to Maintain Commitments to Advance Refugee women's Rights -- Ongoing Challenges for the Women at Risk Program -- Progress at B + 5 and the Importance of Insider Status -- They Were Wrong! an Advocacy Win for Refugee women's Rights -- From Survivors to Contributors: Recognising Refugee Women's Capacities -- Moving Forward-Lessons Learned in This Research and Advocacy Cycle -- Refugee Women and Agency: A Gendered Analysis -- Drawing on the Southern Feminist Critique in Our Advocacy -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- 7 Intersectionality, Identity and Refugee Women-2001-2002: 'I Will Give You a Prize If You Can Find a Woman in This Camp Who Has Not Been Raped' -- Establishing an Activist Academic Refugee Research Centre -- Women Wise Up Conference: Shattering Another Silence -- The Theory of Intersectionality: A Turning Point in Our Theoretical Journey -- Teaching Intersectionality in a Football Stadium -- Understanding the Theory of Intersectionality , Using Intersectionality to Analyse the Multiple Risks Faced by Refugee Women -- Understanding Identity -- A Refugee Woman's Identity Labels -- Refugee Woman: A Dangerous Label -- Struggling for Refugee women's Rights Against a Backdrop of World Changing Events -- Demonising Refugees -- Where to from Here? Refugee Conference Sells Out-And We Dance! -- 50th Anniversary of the Refugee Convention: Dialogues with Refugee Women -- Meanwhile Australia's Women at Risk Program Continues to Fail -- Critical Connections and Networks -- Seeking Safety, Finding Terror -- Refugee Women at Risk in Burma and Thailand -- A Complete Lack of Protection for Refugee Women -- Rape Is Still Not Considered as Grounds for Refugee Status -- And then to Kenya -- Astounded and Stunned -- 'Welcome to Kakuma': The Story that Had to Be Told -- Myths, White Washing and 'Royal Tours' -- And then Came the News from West Africa... -- Moving Forward-Lessons Learned in This Research and Advocacy Cycle -- Next Steps -- Notes -- References -- 8 Refugee Women at Risk and Reciprocal Research: 'Stop Stealing Our Stories': Beyond Do No Harm-2003-2004 -- Differences in the Refugee women's Groups in Kenya and Thailand -- The Global Backdrop -- Eating Humble Pie! Rights and Reciprocity in Action Research -- Research Ethics in Action -- Back in Australia-Dance Parties and Training Materials -- Developing Reciprocal Research: Beyond Do no Harm -- Building Trust: Being Heard -- Creating Safe and Respectful Research Spaces -- Reciprocity and Shattering Silences -- Kakuma Camp, Kenya: A Powerful Participatory and Emancipatory Research Process -- Women and Girls at Heightened Risk -- Protection for Women at Risk? The Sacred and the Profane -- NGO Camp Culture and Attitudes -- The WaR Program Continues to Fail -- Addressing the Systemic Failures of Protection , WaR Risk Factors Checklist-Draft, Kakuma Camp, 15/06/03 -- From the Horrors of Kakuma to the Affluence of Geneva -- Politicising the Advocacy Space at UNHCR Geneva and a Game of 'Yes Minister' -- Building Our Credibility on the Geneva Scene -- ExCom Conclusions on International Protection -- A 'Lightbulb Moment' at the UNHCR Protection Standing Committee Meeting -- Back in Geneva for the ExCom Meeting in October 2003 -- Moving Forward: Lessons Learned in This Research and Advocacy Cycle -- The Power of Human Rights Trainings -- Next Steps -- Notes -- References -- 9 The Power of Women Speaking Out: A Risk Assessment and Response Tool, a CSW Resolution and a UNHCR Conclusion-2005-2008 -- A Difficult Choice -- The Global Backdrop -- Waves of Violence and Strategic Alliances -- Advocacy at CSW for a Resolution on Gender and Disasters -- Developing the Women at Risk Identification Tool -- Injustice and Misogyny -- New Delhi: Warehoused in the City -- And then We Went to Africaiv... -- Researchers, Trainers or UN Investigators? -- Another 'Royal Visit' -- Back at UNHCR for the 2005 ExCom meeting -- Meanwhile in Australia -- Refugee Women at Risk: Protection and Integration in Australia, ARC Linkage Project -- Advocacy for the Conclusion-ExCom 2006 -- Implementing the Conclusion on Refugee Women at Risk -- Further Expanding Our Advocacy Networks -- Listen to the Women! -- Lessons Learned -- Notes -- References -- 10 Survivors, Protectors, Providers: Refugee Women Speak Out from Gender Mainstreaming to the Regional Dialogues-2009-2011 -- Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming -- Meanwhile, the World Continued Its Chaotic Trajectory -- Refugee Women and Girls in Urban Areas -- Salvation Through 'Candle Making' -- Intersecting Risks -- Staff Attitudes -- Developing the Age, Gender and Diversity Matrix Tool -- Refugee Women as Part of the Solution , Survivors, Protectors, Providers: The Regional Dialogues with Refugee Women and Girls

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Pittaway, Eileen Only Rape! Human Rights and Gender Equality for Refugee Women Singapore : Palgrave Macmillan,c2022 ISBN 9789811909153

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (140 Seiten)

ISBN: 9783030868079

Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources , Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgement -- Contents -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Chapter 1: An Introduction to Sexual Abuse and Domestic Violence in Germany -- 1.1 Book's Aim -- 1.2 Summary of Chapters -- 1.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: A Legal Historical Overview of Domestic Violence -- 2.1 Definitions -- 2.2 Scope of Domestic Violence -- 2.3 Legal History of Domestic Violence -- 2.4 Early Modern Domestic Violence in Europe -- 2.5 Men as Victims of Domestic Violence -- 2.6 Domestic Violence Against Gay Men -- 2.7 A New Dialogue on Domestic Violence -- 2.8 Sri Aurobindo on Violence -- 2.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: International Law and Domestic Violence -- 3.1 Understanding Domestic Violence -- 3.2 International Legal Framework on Violence Against Women -- 3.3 Gender-based Violence -- 3.4 Implementing International Legal Obligations -- 3.5 The Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) -- 3.6 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultur... -- 3.7 The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) -- 3.8 The American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) -- 3.9 Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women -- 3.10 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) -- 3.11 African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (African Charter) -- 3.12 Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) on the Rights of Women in Africa (Protocol to Africa... -- 3.13 The African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights (African Commission) -- 3.14 International Human Rights Law and LGBT Rights -- 3.15 EU Non-discrimination Law -- 3.16 Human Rights Defenders , 3.17 The Yogyakarta Principles -- 3.18 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Judicial Activism and LGBT Rights -- 4.1 The Court of Justice of the European Union -- 4.2 Functions -- 4.3 Composition -- 4.4 Jurisdiction -- 4.5 The European Court of Human Rights -- 4.6 Composition of the Court -- 4.7 Jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights -- 4.8 Judicial Activism of the ECtHR and ECJ on LGBT Rights -- 4.9 The Right to Parenthood -- 4.10 European Court of Justice -- 4.11 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Judicial Responses to Domestic Violence in the EU Member States -- 5.1 Legal Protection Against Domestic Violence in the EU Member States -- 5.2 Domestic Violence: Public or Private Matter? -- 5.3 Confidentiality of Correspondence and Cyberbullying -- 5.4 The Court of Justice (CJEU) -- 5.5 Germany's Commitment -- 5.6 German Law -- 5.7 German Legal Framework on Domestic Violence -- 5.8 Reporting Domestic Violence Cases -- 5.9 Police Attitude Toward Domestic Violence -- 5.10 Positive Judicial Findings -- 5.11 From Persecution to Acceptance: LGBT Rights in Germany -- 5.12 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Domestic Violence Among German, Refugee, and Migrant Gay Men in Germany -- 6.1 Sexual Racism -- 6.2 Gay Refugees and Migrants in Germany -- 6.3 Overt Discrimination on Gay Chat Websites -- 6.4 Queer Refugee Activism -- 6.5 Sexual Abuse Among Gay Men -- 6.6 Implications, Policy, and Research -- 6.7 NGO Reports on Domestic Violence -- 6.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Epilogue: Domestic Violence and Happiness -- References -- Table of Cases

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Naik, Yeshwant Domestic Violence Against Male Same-Sex Partners in the EU with Special Reference to Refugee and Migrant Gay Men in Germany Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2021 ISBN 9783030868062

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (579 Seiten)

ISBN: 9783030976484

Series Statement: Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice Series v.98

Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources , Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Part I: State, Citizen and Dissent -- Chapter 1: Conscience and Conscientiousness: Principles, Concepts, and Parameters -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Principles and Definitions -- 1.2.1 Religion, Belief and Matters of Conscience -- 1.2.1.1 Traditional Religions -- Christianity -- Islam -- Judaism -- 1.2.1.2 Contemporary Belief Systems -- Legitimacy and Cogency -- 1.2.1.3 Matters of Conscience -- Ethics -- 1.2.1.4 Public and Private -- 1.2.1.5 The Public Interest -- 1.2.2 State Neutrality Towards Religion and Belief -- 1.2.2.1 The Secular and the Sacred -- Secularism -- State Preferencing of Religion -- State Defence of Cultural Heritage -- 1.3 Conscientious Objection: Concept, Interpretation and the Law -- 1.3.1 Objections: Conscientious and Otherwise -- 1.3.1.1 The Conscientious Objector -- Singular or Also Collective -- Conscientiousness -- 1.3.1.2 The Means or Method of Objecting -- Whistleblowers -- Victim of Religious/Belief Discrimination -- Conscientious Objection and/or Discrimination -- Social Activists -- 1.3.1.3 The Subject -- A Principled Rejection of the Status Quo -- 1.3.1.4 Selectivity and Scale -- 1.3.2 Objections: Conscientiousness and the Law -- 1.3.2.1 Authority -- Government and Legislature in Democratic Societies -- 1.3.2.2 Objecting Conscientiously and the Law -- A Specific Legal Duty -- 1.4 Parameters -- 1.4.1 Origins: Exemption on Grounds of Religious Belief -- 1.4.1.1 Exemption from Military Service -- 1.4.1.2 Exemption from Oaths -- 1.4.1.3 Exemption from Vaccinations -- 1.4.2 Broadening the Parameters: The De-Criminalisation of Abortion, Homosexuality and Prostitution -- 1.4.2.1 Reproductive Rights -- Decriminalisation -- Assisted Reproduction Technology -- 1.4.3 Extending the Parameters by Analogy: Same Sex Issues Etc , 1.4.3.1 Same Sex Relationships: Contemporary Policy -- Legal Affirmation of Same Sex Relationships -- Same Sex Marriage -- 1.4.3.2 Legal Recognition for Trans Gender Identity -- Procedures for Transitioning -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Dissent and the Common Law Nations: Pluralism and Objecting Conscientiously -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Common Law, Christianity and Culture: A Shared History and a Shared Basis for Dissent -- 2.2.1 The Common Law Jurisdictions: A Shared Cultural Heritage -- 2.2.1.1 Moral Imperatives and Dissent -- Moral Imperatives: Violence Related -- Moral Imperatives: Sex Related -- Moral Imperatives: Health -- Moral Imperatives: Education -- Moral Imperatives: 'Life' Related -- 2.3 Democracy and the Common Law Nations -- 2.3.1 Democratic Society -- 2.3.1.1 The Culture Wars -- Morality Issues -- Proxies for Religious Belief -- 2.3.2 Dissent -- 2.3.2.1 Civil Disobedience -- Conscientious Objection and Civil Disobedience -- Social Movements -- Social Activists -- 2.3.2.2 Insurrection and Terrorism -- Conscientious Objection and Ideological Violence -- 2.4 Civil Society, Citizenship, Pluralism and the Law -- 2.4.1 Civil Society -- 2.4.1.1 Liberal Democracy and Civil Society -- Religion and Civil Society -- 2.4.1.2 Civil Society, Citizenship and Pluralism -- Citizenship -- Citizenship and Indigenous People -- Citizenship, Civic Duties and Conscientious Objection -- 2.4.1.3 Pluralism -- Pluralism in Practice -- Diversity -- 2.5 Law and Human Rights -- 2.5.1 Law -- 2.5.1.1 Law and National Identity -- Equality and Religion/Belief/Conscience -- 2.5.1.2 Individual Identity -- 2.5.2 Fundamental Rights -- 2.5.2.1 Right to Freedom of Expression -- 2.5.2.2 Right to Freedom of Association/Assembly -- 2.5.2.3 Right to Freedom of Religion -- 2.5.3 Rights to Private Life and to Social Participation , 2.5.3.1 Right to Marry and to Found a Family -- 2.5.3.2 Right to Education -- 2.5.3.3 Right to Employment -- 2.5.3.4 Right to Health -- 2.5.3.5 Right to Equality and Non-Discrimination -- Equality and the Indivdual -- Equality and Religion/Beliefs/Conscience -- Equality and Religious Organisations -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Conscientious Objection and Contemporary International Law -- Chapter 3: The International Legal Framework for Conscientious Objection and Themes for Comparative Jurisdictional Analysis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Framework of International Instruments -- 3.2.1 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) -- 3.2.2 The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) -- 3.2.3 The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) -- 3.2.4 The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) -- 3.2.5 The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN CRC) -- 3.2.6 The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union -- 3.2.7 The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with Regard to the Application of Biolo... -- 3.2.8 The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights -- 3.2.9 The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples -- 3.2.10 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees -- 3.2.11 The American Convention on Human Rights -- 3.3 Framework of Courts and Regulatory Bodies -- 3.3.1 Courts, Commissions and Other Regulatory Bodies -- 3.3.1.1 The Council of Europe -- 3.3.1.2 The European Court of Justice (ECJ) -- 3.3.1.3 The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) -- 3.3.1.4 The UN Human Rights Commission/Council -- 3.3.1.5 The UN Human Rights Committee (UN HR Committee) -- 3.3.1.6 Regional Human Rights Commissions -- 3.3.2 Monitoring and Review Procedures -- 3.3.2.1 The Universal Periodic Review Process , 3.3.2.2 The US Country Reports on Human Rights Practices -- 3.3.2.3 The Reporting Process of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child -- 3.4 The Principle of Conscientious Objection: Legal Definition and Interpretation -- 3.4.1 Human Rights and Conscientious Objection -- 3.4.1.1 Conscientious Objection in a Military Context -- 3.4.1.2 Conscientious Objection in a Non-military Context -- 3.4.1.3 Contiguous Extension of Rights -- 3.4.2 Freedom of Belief/Conscience -- 3.4.2.1 Sincerity of Belief and Matters of Conscience -- 3.4.2.2 The Right to Hold and to Manifest a Belief or Matter of Conscience -- 3.4.3 State Neutrality -- 3.4.3.1 Legitimacy of Belief -- 3.4.3.2 Universal Legislation That Unfairly Burdens a Minority -- 3.4.3.3 Victimisation -- 3.5 Fundamental Human Rights as Grounds for State Interference in Matters of Belief/Conscience/Religion in a Democratic Society -- 3.5.1 The ECtHR and a 'Democratic Society' -- 3.5.1.1 Characteristics of a Democratic Society -- 3.5.1.2 State Intervention in a Democratic Society -- 3.5.2 Freedom of Expression -- 3.5.2.1 Conscientious Objection -- 3.5.3 Freedom of Association/Assembly -- 3.5.3.1 Conscientious Objection -- 3.5.4 Freedom of Religion -- 3.5.4.1 Conscientious Objection -- 3.5.4.2 Religious Exemption -- 3.5.4.3 Proselytism -- 3.6 Conscientious Objection and Equality Caselaw -- 3.6.1 Public Service Providers -- 3.6.2 Public Health -- 3.6.2.1 Right to Life and Access to Medical Treatment -- 3.6.2.2 Refusal of Lifesaving Medical Treatment -- 3.6.2.3 Vaccines -- 3.6.2.4 Medical Practitioners: Abortion Issues -- 3.6.2.5 Medical Practitioners: IVF Issues -- 3.6.2.6 Medical Practitioners: Assisted Death Issues -- 3.6.3 Public Education -- 3.6.3.1 Parents, Schools and Conscientious Objection -- 3.6.3.2 Faith Schools -- 3.6.3.3 Home Schooling -- 3.6.3.4 Religious Dress, Prayers etc in Schools , 3.6.4 Public Officials and Justice Issues -- 3.6.4.1 Whistleblowers -- 3.6.4.2 Prisoners Right to Challenge Conditions on Grounds of Conscientious Objection -- 3.6.4.3 Asylum Seekers Right to Challenge Deportation on Grounds of Conscientious Objection and SOGI -- 3.6.5 Citizenship and Conscientious Objection -- 3.6.5.1 Service in the National Armed Forces -- 3.6.5.2 Refusal to Pay Tax -- 3.6.5.3 Pensions and Welfare Benefit Entitlements etc -- 3.6.6 Private Service Provision -- 3.6.6.1 Right of Retailers to Refuse Goods or Services on Grounds of Conscientious Objection -- 3.6.6.2 Right of Employers to Hire and Fire on Grounds of Conscientious Objection -- 3.7 Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Jurisdictional Survey -- Chapter 4: England and Wales -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Principles, Doctrines and Definitions -- 4.2.1 Religion, Belief and Matters of Conscience -- 4.2.1.1 Traditional Religions -- 4.2.1.2 Contemporary Belief Systems and Matters of Conscience -- Legitimacy and Cogency -- 4.2.2 State Neutrality -- 4.2.2.1 Preferencing Christianity and the Christian Cultural Heritage -- 4.2.2.2 The Religious Exemption -- 4.3 Conscientious Objection and Exemption: An Evolving Policy -- 4.3.1 Initial Exemptions -- 4.3.1.1 Legal Recognition of 'Conscience' -- 4.3.1.2 An Aspect of Citizenship -- 4.3.2 Abortion, Contraception and Adoption: A Context for Developing Policy -- 4.3.3 Same Sex Relationships: Evolving Contemporary Policy -- 4.3.4 Medical Advancement: Contiguous Policy Development -- 4.4 From Policy to Legislation -- 4.4.1 Universal Legislative Constraints -- 4.4.1.1 Laws That Unfairly Burden a Minority -- 4.4.1.2 Criminal Law Constraints -- Covid-19 Pandemic Constraints -- 4.4.2 Contemporary Government Initiatives -- 4.5 Legislative Framework: International and Domestic -- 4.5.1 International Legislation -- 4.5.2 Domestic Legislation , 4.5.2.1 The Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe O'Halloran, Kerry Conscientious Objection Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 ISBN 9783030976477

Language: English

Subjects: Law

Keywords: Common law ; Demokratie ; Kriegsdienstverweigerung