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电子文献
Content:
China, one of the oldest civilizations in the world, has undergone major changes in the last forty years. Since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, the Chinese government has been struggling to catch up with the rest of the industrialized world by modernizing and rapidly developing the country. All the changes in thinking, culture and living style, which follow the continuity of increasing production and population, make people ask to renew the cities. Since market-oriented economy reform, China has experienced significant changes in urban landscapes and the internal structure of cities. Late 1980's, the pace of urban renewal has been continuously speeded up in most of the cities in China. Since then the traditional enüironments in many historic quarters are suffering serious destruction and going to lose their characteristics due to negligence and under the pressure of modem urbanization. So, the protection of historic neighborhoods and sustainable development of urban renewal become the focus of all circles attention. Recent studies have provided some insightful understanding into urban changes at a macro-scale, e.g. social and spatial segregation, the division between rural migrants and urban households, changes in land uses. To a lesser extent, urban changes are understood at the microscopic level of the neighborhood. Urban redevelopment has created many new urban landscapes. Meanwhile, traditional old urban areas still constitute a significant proportion of Chinese cities, and normally contain large concentrations of marginal population. Possessing the particular characteristics of long developing history, high population density, and low housing quality, traditional urban areas have also experienced different changes in the post-reform period. Ningbo city has been facing major problems resulting from rapid urban growth. In the last decades, great efforts were made to solüe the dramatic housing shortage and to improve the appalling living conditions in overcrowded areas. In 1990, the Ningbo municipal government launched a program for the renewal of the old city center. A series of residential projects has been implemented in traditional neighborhoods since then which have affected the character of the old city and the lives of its residents. So far, very few studies have been conducted to assess the implementation of the renewal This thesis provides an overview of the regeneration projects implemented in the inner-city of Ningbo since 1990. Based on a field survey and 190 questionnaires survey of five traditional urban areas in inner city of Ningbo, this thesis attempts to reveal the built enüironmental and socio-economic changes which can be partly attributed to different levels of urban redevelopment. More importantly, the study highlights the significance of neighborhood-based social interaction to marginalpopulation. Against the backdrop of massive urban displacement and rapid redevelopment, it is argued that the effect of dismantling neighborhoods could be detrimental to a sustainable urban society and the positive social objectives should be seriously considered in the process of urban redevelopment. Two major findings are unfolded in this study. To re-image the inner city and promote economy growth, tremendous residential displacement and functional transformation are accompanying the redevelopment process. As the local government legitimizes the property-interest-centered reinüestment in the old urban neighborhoods, higher socioeconomic status households replace the lower ones in the redeveloped inner city, and the exchange value of urban space is produced at the cost of old urban neighborhoods' everyday-use value. Meanwhile, the impacts of urban redevelopment on affected residents are uneven according to their socioeconomic status. As the government tries to transfer the process of urban redevelopment into market operation, the affected residents in the redevelopment projects are exposed to the market transition and housing privatization process as do other people since housing reform. Stratification of housing status emerges between residents who successfully adapt to the market transition and those who fail to do so. Nowadays, as planners it's our duty to find the exact way to protect the historical identity, traditional values and social life for our cities while improving the tiving Z enüironment to meet the needs of modem inhabitants. Chapter six presented an attempt to provide a general framework to determine the appropriate approach of conservation-oriented urban renewal dealing with revitalization of historic urban neighborhoods. The objective of this project is to initiate a discussion on how can we contribute through our professional activities with constructive and positive process of conservation-oriented urban renewal and protect the historic urban neighborhoods. This project doesn't intend to produce a complete set of guidelines for revitalization instead it only attempts to search some way to revitalize dilapidated historic urban neighborhoods through conservation-oriented urban renewal. The project illustrates how the revitalization of West Yuehu Area can take place through conservation- oriented urban renewal. There is an effort to set up the quality demands of West Yuehu Area and to show the importance of a coordinated master plan, to support the decision-making process. Thorough analysis and discussions should arise from it. A final solution cannot be determined since the revitalization of West Yuehu Area continues to be a process. Finally, the main weaknesses of the renewal program are discussed and implication was provided for other cities in China based on the major findings and reviewed literature; suggestions are made for its future urban transformation.
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Chinese
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