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  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1600-1649  (1)
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  • 1
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049076252
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (46 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: May 2000 - Using the word capital to represent two different concepts is not such a problem when government is responsible for only a small fraction of national investment and is reasonably effective (as in the United States). But when government is a major investor and is ineffective, the gap between capital and cumulative, depreciated investment effort (CUDIE) may be enormous. A public sector steel mill may absorb billions as an investment, but if it cannot produce steel it has zero value as capital. The cost of public investment is not the value of public capital. Unlike for private investors, there is no remotely plausible behavioral model of the government as investor that suggests that every dollar the public sector spends as investment creates capital in an economic sense.
    Content: This seemingly obvious point has so far been uniformly ignored in the voluminous empirical literature on economic growth, which uses, at best, cumulated, depreciated investment effort (CUDIE) to estimate capital stocks. But in developing countries especially, the difference between investment cumulated at cost and capital value is of primary empirical importance: government investment is half or more of total investment. And perhaps as much as half or more of government investment spending has not created equivalent capital. This suggests that nearly everything empirical written in three broad areas is misguided. First, none of the estimates of the impact of public spending identify the productivity of public capital. Even where public capital could be very productive, regressions and evaluations may suggest that public investment spending has little impact.
    Content: Second, everything currently said about total factor productivity in developing countries is deeply suspect, as there is no way empirically to distinguish between low output (or growth) attributable to investments that created no factors and low output (or growth) attributable to low (or slow growth in) productivity in using accumulated factors. Third, multivariate growth regressions to date have not, in fact, controlled for the growth of capital stock, so spurious interpretations have emerged. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the importance of public sector actions for economic growth
    Additional Edition: Pritchett, Lant The Tyranny of Concepts
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    UID:
    gbv_1778802087
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (173 p.)
    ISBN: 9789053564004
    Content: The Netherlandish rhetoricians of the sixteenth century have, in the course of the last decades, shed their image of third-rate poets who, lacking all sense of true beauty, were capable only of pompous verbosity and a shallow manipulation of form. The new scholarly assessment has also shed light on the role they played in the cultural and literary life of their time, and it now appears that many of their dramas are well worth staging. Once the sixteenth century was freed from the stigma of being the "preparatory phase" for the Golden Age, the way was clear for thorough studies of the literature produced during the most turbulent period in the history of the Low Countries. This volume contains essays which deal with works written not only in Dutch, but also in French and in New Latin, with topics ranging from the effects of poetic principles on literary practice to the use of poetry as a means for improving society and developing the individual. The unifying thread in these studies is the pivotal importance of rhetoric in all forms of literary expression
    Note: English
    Language: English
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  • 3
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047934403
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (45 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: As it takes time and effort to learn how to fully utilise new technology and realise its maximum potential productivity gain, adoption of new technology tends to reduce productivity temporarily, even though the potential productivity gain in the long run outweighs this short run loss. This paper points to such "learning cost" in technology upgrading as a potential explanation of the following two "productivity puzzles" reported in the Information Technology (IT) literature and in the studies of East Asian economic growth. First, in the 1980s, US companies made enormous IT investments, but little productivity gain was observed. Second, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth of "Newly Industrialising Countries" (NICs) in East Asia was mediocre in spite of the impressive investment drive in those countries. A simple model of optimal intervals for technology upgrading with learning cost is developed. This model predicts that a company with higher frequency in technology upgrading will tend to have higher market value even with lower current profitability. An empirical study using unbalanced panel data of 1,031 US companies from 1986 to 1995 supports this prediction. Extending the scope from firm-level to industry-level, the paper estimates the magnitude of industry-wide learning-by-doing effects using annual data on 15 sub-industries in the Japanese machinery manufacturing sector from 1955 to 1990. The results show that industry-wide learning-by-doing was strong in low-tech industries where technological change was relatively slow, while it was insignificant in high-tech industries which experienced rapid technological evolution. It is also observed in the US and Japanese manufacturing industries that TFP growth tends to decrease with faster capital accumulation. This negative correlation is reproduced in simulations based on the extended model of learning cost
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    UID:
    gbv_730023109
    Format: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.220
    Content: As it takes time and effort to learn how to fully utilise new technology and realise its maximum potential productivity gain, adoption of new technology tends to reduce productivity temporarily, even though the potential productivity gain in the long run outweighs this short run loss. This paper points to such “learning cost” in technology upgrading as a potential explanation of the following two “productivity puzzles” reported in the Information Technology (IT) literature and in the studies of East Asian economic growth. First, in the 1980s, US companies made enormous IT investments, but little productivity gain was observed. Second, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth of “Newly Industrialising Countries” (NICs) in East Asia was mediocre in spite of the impressive investment drive in those countries. A simple model of optimal intervals for technology upgrading with learning cost is developed. This model predicts that a company with higher frequency in technology upgrading will tend to have higher market value even with lower current profitability. An empirical study using unbalanced panel data of 1,031 US companies from 1986 to 1995 supports this prediction. Extending the scope from firm-level to industry-level, the paper estimates the magnitude of industry-wide learning-by-doing effects using annual data on 15 sub-industries in the Japanese machinery manufacturing sector from 1955 to 1990. The results show that industry-wide learning-by-doing was strong in low-tech industries where technological change was relatively slow, while it was insignificant in high-tech industries which experienced rapid technological evolution. It is also observed in the US and Japanese manufacturing industries that TFP growth tends to decrease with faster capital accumulation. This negative correlation is reproduced in simulations based on the extended model of learning cost.
    Language: English
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_198173199
    Format: 209 S , 24 cm
    ISBN: 0773487549
    Series Statement: Studies in mediaeval literature v. 16
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , England / Kevin T. Grimm -- Germany / Kathleen J. Meyer -- Low countries / Johanna C. Prins -- Catalan-speaking regions / Kathleen mcNerney and Maite Núñez Betelu -- France / Edelgard E. DuBruck -- Medieval and humanist Latin / Daniel Kinney -- Quatrocento Italy / Dario Del Puppo -- Spain / Carlos Vega
    In: Vol. 2
    Language: English
    Author information: DuBruck, Edelgard E. 1925-
    Author information: McDonald, William C. 1941-
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_1808655206
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource ([62] p.)
    Series Statement: Literature Online - English Drama
    Note: Preliminaries and introductory matter omitted , Preliminaries and introductory matter omitted.
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Belchier, Dabridgcourt Hans Beer-Pot His Invisible Comedie Of See Me, and See Me Not: Acted In the Low Countries, By an Honest Company Of Health-Drinkers. London : Imprinted by Bernard Alsop [etc.], 1618
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY : Berghahn Books
    UID:
    gbv_857146726
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (531 p)
    ISBN: 9781782388531
    Content: History of the Low Countries -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. A Long Beginning -- Chapter 2. Counts, Cities, and Clerics -- Chapter 3. The Formation of a Political Union, 1300-1588 -- Chapter 4. The Dutch Republic, 1588-1780 -- Chapter 5. The Spanish and Austrian Netherlands, 1579 - 1780 -- Chpater 6. Revolution in the North and South, 1780-1830 -- Chapter 7. Belgium since 1830 -- Chapter 8. The Netherlands since 1830 -- Epilogue -- Recommended Literature -- Index
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9781782388531
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9781845452728
    Additional Edition: Print version Blom, J. C. H History of the Low Countries New York, NY : Berghahn Books,c1998
    Language: English
    Keywords: Electronic books
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 8
    UID:
    b3kat_BV045176787
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 504 p)
    ISBN: 9789401592352
    Series Statement: NATO ASI Series, Series 2: Environment 64
    Content: In the continuing fight against organic environmental xenobiotics, the initial success attributed to bioremediation has paled, in part due to the low availability of xenobiotics entrapped within a soil or sediment matrix. This has generated a very significant wave of interest in the bioavailability issue. However, much experimental evidence is puzzling or contradictory, mechanistic theories are embryonic, and implications for the practice of bioremediation or concerning the natural fate of xenobiotics are still tentative. The debate in Europe and the USA is vigorous. Eastern Europe, following the liberalisation of the economy and political life, is evolving in a similar direction. In many cases, however, limited access to literature sources, severe language barriers, and the lack of a strong pluridisciplinary tradition are hampering the adoption of state of the art techniques. Originally intended to allow scientists in East European countries to become acquainted with the key aspects of the bioavailability debate that is unfolding in the scientific literature in the West, and with its implications for bioremediation efforts, the present book presents a very complete coverage of the theoretical and practical aspects of the (limited) bioavailability of organic xenobiotics in the environment
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9789048153114
    Language: English
    Keywords: Xenobiotikum ; Organische Verbindungen ; Umwelt ; Bioverfügbarkeit ; Konferenzschrift
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 9
    UID:
    b3kat_BV046873566
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 149 p. 1 illus)
    Edition: 1st ed. 1995
    ISBN: 9783642500343
    Series Statement: International Economics and Institutions
    Content: 1. Introduction and overview Until still few years ago, economic growth theory (going back to Solow, 1956; for an introduction cf. Burmeister and Dobell, 1970) predicted convergence of both growth rates and level of per capita income of economies which share identical preferences, technologies and same population growth rates, independently of initial conditions. Countries with a low capital stock grow faster than those with a higher capital stock, until, in the long-run, they all converge to a common constant growth rate. This prediction is due to the way how growth is "explained" in models of this kind. Growth of output per capita resulted, in the simplest model, from an exogenous growth oflabour productivity (see e. g. Sala-i-Martin, 1990; Grossman and Helpman, 1991a, ch. 2). Si!1ce this increase of productivity is exogenously given, the model itselfdoes not give any explanation ofits source. The prediction ofconvergence ofgrowth rates, itself, is very doubtful and observations show, that on an international level either convergence is not given at all, or that it takes a very long time. The literature of the "new" theory of growth provides a rich variety of models whose theoretical implications range from divergence to convergence and thus offers much better working tools in order to analyze real world observations. These models (starting with Romer, 1986 and Lucas, 1988) explain growth of GNP or per capita income from within the model by includingexternal effects such as a public stock ofknowledge capital (e. g
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9783790808780
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9783642500350
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics
    RVK:
    Keywords: Faktorpreisausgleichstheorem ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Interventionismus ; Reale Außenwirtschaftstheorie ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Hochschulschrift
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_1738197204
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 373 pages) , illustrations
    ISBN: 9789004247482
    Series Statement: Brill's studies in intellectual history v. 94
    Content: Preliminary Material /F. Akkerman , A.J. Vanderjagt and A. H. van der Laan -- The Early Reformation in Groningen. On two Latin Disputations /F. Akkerman -- Agricola musicae studiosus /F. Akkerman and P. Kooiman -- Alexander Hegius als Dichter /J.C. Bedaux -- Ist, wer den rechten Zungenschlag beherrscht, auch schon ein Humanist? Nikolaus Blanckaert (Alexander Candidus) O. Carm. (†l555) /C.P.M. Burger -- Magister consensus. Wessel Gansfort (1419-1489) und die geistliche Kommunion /C.M.A. Caspers -- Das Bremer Gymnasium Illustre und seine Vorläufer in ihrer Bedeutung für den Ramismus in Deutschland (1560-1630) /T. Elsmann -- The study of Boethius's Consolatio in the Low Countries around 1500: The Ghent Boethius (1485) and the commentary by Agricola/Murmellius (1514) /M. Goris and L.W. Nauta -- At the crossroads of scholasticism and northern humanism /M.J.F.M. Hoenen -- Northern humanism and philosophy: Humanist theory and scholastic practice /H.A. Krop -- The reception of Agricola's De inventione dialectica in the teaching of logic at the Louvain faculty of arts in the early sixteenth century /J. Papy -- Humanism and the Reformation: Was the conflict between Erasmus and Luther paradigmatic? /E. Rummel -- The geography of Erasmus /R.J. Schoeck -- Juristen und Humanisten: Rudolf Agricola an der Universität Pavia /A. Sottili -- The Italian connection: The Iter Italicum and the Northern Netherlands (1425-1575) /A. Tervoort -- Rudolph Agricola's method of dialectical reading: The case of Cicero's De lege Manilla /M. van der Poel -- Between Orosius and Ubbo Emmius: On the tradition of geographical descriptions in historical writings /Z.R.W.M. von Martels -- Zu den gelehrten und politischen Verbindungen zwischen der Kurpfalz und den vereinigten Niederlanden im konfessionellen Zeitalter - am Beispiel der Korrespondenz des Heidelberger Oberrats Georg Michael Lingelsheim (1558-1636) /A.E. Walter -- The Dutch Brethren of the Common Life, critical theology, Northern Humanism and Reformation /A.G. Weiler -- Bibliography /F. Akkerman , A.J. Vanderjagt and A. H. van der Laan -- Index of Personal Names /F. Akkerman , A.J. Vanderjagt and A. H. van der Laan.
    Content: This is the third and final volume of a set of studies on the development of humanism in the northern Netherlands and the adjoining parts of Germany between 1469, when, in the oldest letters preserved of Rudolph Agricola and Rudolph von Langen, first mention is made of a group of early humanist scholars at the Adwert monastery near Groningen, and 1625, when the humanist Ubbo Emmius died, who was the first rector of the university of Groningen. The earlier two volumes are Rodolphus Agricola Phrisius (1444-1485) (1988) and Wessel Gansfort (1419-1489) and Northern Humanism (1993). This last volume has papers on Regnerus Praedinius (1510-1559), Alexander Hegius (ca.1433-1498), Alexander Candidus (†1555), Wessel Gansfort (1419-1489), the Bremen Gymnasium Illustre between 1560-1630, humanist commentaries on Boethius, scholasticism and humanism, humanism and philosophy, Agricola Latinus , Ubbo Emmius's 'art of description', Agricola's dialectics at Louvain, Agricola on deliberative speech, humanism and reformation, Erasmus and geography, Agricola in Pavia, Dutch students at Italian universities (1425-1575), relations between Heidelberg and the Low Countries in the late 16th century, the Modern Devotion and humanism. Many of the papers were originally presented at a conference in 1996, but they have been extensively rewritten and edited, and a number of new pieces have been included. An updated bibliography in this volume makes the three volumes together an indispensable tool for scholars of philology, literature, history, philosophy and theology of the period. Contributors include: F. Akkerman, J.C. Bedaux, C.P.M. Burger, C.M.A. Caspers, T. Elsmann, M. Goris, M.J.F.M. Hoenen, P. Kooiman, H.A. Krop, Z.R.W.M. von Martels, L.W. Nauta, J. Papy, M. van der Poel, E. Rummel, R.J. Schoeck, A. Sottili, A. Tervoort, A.E. Walter, and A.G. Weiler
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [333]-359) and index , Text in English and German
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9789004113145
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Northern humanism in European context, 1469-1625 Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 1999
    Language: English
    URL: DOI
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